Messungen von dynamischen Tracern und Ozon in der - IUP

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4 6 8 10 12altitude [km]

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4 6 8 10 12altitude [km]

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4 6 8 10 12altitude [km]

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4 6 8 10 12altitude [km]

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4 6 8 10 12altitude [km]

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[k] 13.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.2000

4 6 8 10 12altitude [km]

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� � � U;0 L   6 L B WXK[L 830"� � K +�� L ����+ L O 9 L 0�5,+ U30 L 5<�32 + KML 0 Q TST�5�� � T L 2MU30"��� � + KML 2 L � )YL �M+�6

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A 5,9 Q 0E5 � 5����#�:+ + K[L 5 Ta+��N+ U32 L 2MU30"��� � + K[L 2 L � )RL �!+ Q,R + KML 5��`0 ) 0�5 R + R Q 0P+ K[L + K 0 LRL2 � � K +�� K 5 A L 8 LRL � 9MT Q +X+ L 2d6 9 � 2 � � K + � U3OP8 L 0 ���.- L �;6 ����6 L ������4 5,+-5 Ta+��N+ U32 L � 518 Q U;+6d% ¡ 6 6 ) O � _ KML 0 L + KML 0 L T�5,+�� A L K U;O �a2!�a+L� ��� K � � KML 0.+ K 5<� � � 9 L 0 )RL �!+ � R Q 0 2 � �PK +�U;OP8 L 0 � � - � 6I6 ��/;6 L �����!4F5,+�5PTN+��N+ U32 L ��5,8 Q UI+ � % � ) O 5��32 R Q 0 2 � �PK +9� U3OP8 L 0 L1L-.�(/;6 ��/;6 L �����!4 5,+ 5PTa+��a+NU32 L � 518 Q U;+ ¡ 6 6d% � ) O � + KML 0 L ��� 5 9;0 Q 875,8!�ST��a+L� R Q 0 ) T Q U;2QI)�) U30:0 L � )YL 2MU30���� � + KML 2 L � )RL �!+ � KMQ _ LBA L 0 + K ��� 930 Q 87518!�\T��N+L� ���F�XO 5PTST$6

WXKML 0 L TI5,+�� A L�K U3O �a2!�a+L��5��32G+ KML�A Q TSU3O L O�� ' ��� � 0�5,+�� Q 2!5,+>5 K 5 A L 8 LYL � +>5 ) L �R 0 Q O + KML ;�L 510�% 9 � R 0�510 L 2 W U#�7518MT L 4 � Q 2 L � 5<� L 0 �:9 L�) +f0 Q O L + L 0 � _ K � ) K K 5��J5��5 )�) U30�5 ) �J518 Q U;+ 6 � 6

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4 6 8 10 12altitude [km]

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[k] 20.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.200020.01.2000

4 6 8 10 12altitude [km]

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[k] 05.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.200005.03.2000

4 6 8 10 12altitude [km]

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4 6 8 10 12altitude [km]

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[k] 13.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.200013.03.2000

4 6 8 10 12altitude [km]

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4 6 8 10 12altitude [km]

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� � � U;0 L   6 /;B WXKML 830�� � K +�� L ���b+ L O 9 L 0�5K+ U30 L � �@0 L TI5,+�� APL�K U3O��`2!�N+L��5��;2 A Q TSU3O L O�� ' %��� � 0�5K+�� Q 9;0 Q 0 T L ��6

���������������� �����[� �����������0�.� ��� � �+� ��������� ���[��������   �� �R� � #�� ' # -� �� , �����)( ��.-�, "+%�%�- "+* � "+(�# -�')(�"� Q 0U+ K[L )YQ O 97510"��� Q � Q1R :�' :.- O L 5<�NU30 L O L �!+�� _ �N+ KP) 5PT ) UMTI5,+ L 2P2!5,+>5�5��E5 )�) U;0�5,+ L5��32 R 5��:+ 0�512!��5,+�� A L +X0�5��!� R L 0�O Q 2 L T K 5<�b8 LYL � U!� L 2d6 WXKMLQ)YQ O 9MU;+�5,+�� Q � Q1R 518!� Q 0X9 %+�� Q � )RQ�Lu ) � L �!+��95��32Y+ KML 0�512#�I5,+�� A L +X0�5��#� R L 0 ) 5PT ) UMTI5,+�� Q � K 5 APL 8 LYL � ) 510X0"� L 2 Q UI+_ �a+ K + K[L :.-HW(' O Q 2 L T R Q 0 + K[L Q 8!� L 0 A ��� ��� LRQ O L +f0 � 5�� � � A L � R Q 0 + KML :�';:�- 6

WXKML 0�5,2!�I5,+�� APL +f0�5<�!� R L 0UO Q 2 L T :�-!W(' ��� 5 R U!� ) +�� Q � Q,R 51232#�a+�� Q �75PT,97510�51O L + L 0�� �� Q ) 5PTST L 2 O Q 2 L T�9!510�51O L + L 0"� L 6 � 6 + KML + L O 9 L 0�5,+NU30 L 5��32Y930 L ���VU30 L 9;0 Q 0 T L Q1R + K[L5��`0$5��;2 + KML 930 L ���VU30 L 830 Q 5,2 L �!��� � )YQL/u ) � L �!+ Q1R + KML Q 8!� L 0 A L 2 L O������"� Q � T���� L 6WXKML 0 L � U!�`0 L 2H5,+fO Q �:9 KML 0"� ) 275K+>5Y- 930 L ���VU30 L ��+ L O 9 L 0�5K+ U30 L � 5PTN+��a+NU32 L 5<�32 APQ TC%U3O L O�� ' ��� � 0�5,+�� Q 4 R Q 0XU!� L ��� + KML :�-HW(' 510 L � L T L�) + L 2 R Q 0 + _ Q 5PTN+��a+NU32 L 0�5�� � L � B

� 0 Q O�+ K[L�Q 8!� L 0 APL 2 5PTa+��a+NU32 L + Q O 5 ' �`O�U3O 2 � � K +�5 Ta+��N+ U32 L B + L O 9 L 0�5,+ U;0 L �930 L ���VU30 L 5��32M5PTa+��a+ U;2 L 5,0 L +�5 )PL � R 0 Q O 4 A % � 2!5,+>5 � A Q T\U3O L O�� ' ��� � 0�5,+�� Q�Q1R_ 5K+ L 0 A 519 Q 0F510 L+Q 8;+�5���� L 2 R 0 Q O + KML ;�L 510 % 9 � R 0�510 L 2 W U!�!518MT L64 � Q 2 L � 5�� L 0�X9 L�) +f0 Q O L + L 0 5��32 APQ TSU3O L O � ' ��� � 0�5,+�� Q Q,R < w�� 5<�32 : � 510 L +�5 )PL � R 0 Q O��:6' A /�4 275,+�5;6

518 Q APL + KML O 5 ' �aO�U3O 2 � �PK +?5PTN+��N+ U32 L U39 + Q � 6 ) O BU+ L O 9 L 0�5,+NU30 L �!930 L ���NU;0 L5��32 5PTa+��a+NU32 L 510 L +>5 ) L � R 0 Q O 5��75PT �� L � 8��<+ K[LE4 5,+>5 : �"���aO �\TI5,+�� Q � /�u )RL- 4�: / 4 �85��;2 APQ TSU;O L O�� ' ��� � 0�5,+�� Q 930 Q 0 T L � Q1R _ 5,+ L 0 A 519 Q 0�510 L Q 8;+>5<��� L 2R 0 Q O ) K � Q U - '�: D 1 9V9 S ) T��aO 5,+ Q T Q�� �;495��32�+ KML�APQ TSU3O L O � ' ��� � 0�5,+�� Q � Q1R< w�� 5��32 : � 510 L +>5 ) L � R 0 Q O :�';:�- O L 5��VU30 L O L �M+���6 WXKML � L 275,+�5�5,0 L + K[L0 L +f0�� LCAPL 2 9;0 Q 0 T L � R 0 Q O + KML :�' :.- �X9 L�) +f0�5 Q 8!� L 0 A L 2 � KMQ 0F+ T �<8 L7R Q 0 L + K[L2 L � )YL �M+ Q1R + KML 5��a0 ) 0�5 R +56

�%Q 0�+ KML ) 5PT ) UMT�5,+�� Q � ��+ KML < w�� T���� L 5,+ ¡!L 6 ¢ � � ? <>= ��� U!� L 2d6 9 � + K ��� ) 5�� L + K[L)YQ �!�"�`2 L 0 L 2 T���� L ���ZT Q@) 5,+ L 2 Q � + KML _ ��� � Q,R 5�� Q ( Q � L T���� L ��5<�32 + KML )RQ �!+f0��a8MU;+�� Q �!�Q1R + KML 6 � 5<�32 < � : )RQ �!+����U!5 510 L 5PT�� Q.)RQ �!�"�`2 L 0 L 2 ��� + K[LQR Q 0 _ 510X2 O Q 2 L T :�-HW(' 6

: � L ' 5,O 9MT L+Q1R 5 ) 5PT ) UMTI5K+ L 2 < w�� � : � �X9 L�) +f0NU;O ���F� K[Q _ �H��� � � � U30 L   6   6

k#¯#Åk­��V¯«±�°7¯#§/ª«¸kÅk­¦±#©T¥�� ­¦±#§/ª«§¨k°¬'³���°ª�����¸ ­O±«©Z[ ­¦¬]¯,\ \ ©Tª¼°¯«Å'©f±�³½²­¦¬'­¦±�°7¯«©Q§¬ ª#°7¯«­O¨f¨Q©f¯«­{¿E´�§±#¬k­ª«­¦¬ ªÂ§/±<¯«Å'°)¯Ä·�¯«©Q¨f©Tª«­Oª<¯#Åk­�ª«§¨T°)±<§�¥¦¥{·'¨ ¯�°7¯«©Q§¬�¯#­O¥�Åk¬k©��]·k­©f¬�¯#Åk­ Y¶©Qª«©Q´k¨f­¯#§�¬k­O°±�©f¬kÃp±#°±«­%³ ª«¸ ­%¥H¯#±#°¨±#­¦²/©f§/¬ ¯#§ [½­%°ª«·k±#­�¯#Åk­�¥{§/¬'¥{­O¬]¯«±�°7¯«©Q§¬ §)à ³�© ®�­¦±#­¦¬]¯�ª«¸ ­%¥{©Q­Oª<©Q¬�¯«Åk­�°)¯i[ §/ª«¸kÅk­O±«­/Æ

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� � � � � * � #3( C%�� ,)%A Q O 9!510���� Q �!� 510 L 2 Q � L 8 L + _ LRL � + K[L>Q 8!� L 0 APL 2 830"� � K +�� L ��� + L O 9 L 0�5K+ U30 L � 5<�32+ KMQ � L 930 L 2!� ) + L 2 8���+ KML 0�512#�I5,+�� A L +f0�5��!� R L 0.O Q 2 L T :.-HW(' 6 9 � + K ��� �F+ U32���+ K 0 LRL2!�.- L 0 L �!+ _ 5,+ L 0 A 519 Q 0 )YQ �!+���� UMU3O O Q 2 L T��Z- � � - ��� � & � &�� / 5��32 & � &���� 4K 5 A L 8 LRL � U#� L 2 6 WXK[L ��51O L �#�a+f0 Q � L � )RQ �!+����U[U3O O Q 2 L TQ- & � & � /!4 K 5�� 8 LRL �U!� L 2 _ �a+ K 5PTST + _ Q _ 5,+ L 0 A 519 Q 0 O Q 2 L T���6

WXKML�)YQ O 97510"��� Q � Q1R + KML � � - ��� 5<�32 & � &�� / _ 5,+ L 0 A 519 Q 0 )YQ �!+���� UMU3O O Q 2&%L T�� _ �a+ K :�';:�- Q 8#� L 0 A 5,+�� Q �!� R Q 0�+ _ Q 2!�.- L 0 L �!+ 2 � � K +��15,0 L � KMQ _ � ��� � � � U30 L 6@6 ��6

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4 6 8 10 12altitude [km]

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]

ASURerror barH2O-PWR98H2O-MPM93

Flight:11, 20.01.2000

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ASURerror barH2O-PWR98H2O-MPM93

Flight:18, 05.03.2000

� � � U;0 L 6@6 � B WXKML )RQ O 97510���� Q � 8 L + _ LRL � + K[L O L 5��NU;0 L 2E5<�32P+ KMLc) 5PT ) UMT�5,+ L 2 830"� � K +�%� L �"� + L O 9 L 0�5,+NU30 L _ �a+ K + _ Q 2!�C- L 0 L �!+ _ 5,+ L 0 A 519 Q 0 )RQ �!+���� UMU;O O Q 2 L T�� R Q 0 + _ Q2 � � K +���6 WXKML L 0:0 Q 0Q87510"�3510 L[)RQ 0X0 L �X9 Q �32#��� � + Q + K[L O L 5<�NU30 L O L �!+3� Q ��� L

��������������� � � ����� � ��� 6 L: � ) 5�� 8 L � LRL �J��� � � � U30 L 6I6 �[8 L T Q _ �Q) O + KML O Q 2 L T�� 930 L 2!� ) +F��� � �!� 0 ) 5��!+NT��T L �"�-518!� Q 0X9;+�� Q �P+ K 5�� + K 5,+ Q 8!� L 0 APL 2 � _ KML 0 L + KMLXK � � K _ 5,+ L 0 A 519 Q 0e2 L �#���a+�� L � � � APL0���� L + Q 5 2 Q O ���75��!+ _ 5,+ L 0 A 519 Q 0 )RQ �!+���� UMU;O ��� � �75PT 6 : 8 Q APL ��) O + KML O Q 2 L T��

930 L 2!� ) + �NT�� � K +NT��*O Q 0 L 518#� Q 0:9;+�� Q �.+ K 5�� + K 5,+ Q 8!� L 0 APL 2E5��;2 ���.+ K ��� 5PTa+��a+ U;2 L 0�5�� �PL+ KML 5,+XO Q �:9 KML 0 L ��� 230 � 5��32J�!�N+f0 Q�� L �J518!� Q 0X9I+�� Q �J��� 930 L 2!� ) + L 2Z+ Q 2 Q O ���75,+ L 6WXKML O 5 � Q 0 2!�C- L 0 L � )YL 8 L + _ LYL � + KML O L 5��VU30 L O L �!+��?5��32 ) 5PT ) UMT�5,+�� Q �M���-5,+ZT Q _5PTa+��a+ U;2 L ��� _ KML 0 L + KML _ 5,+ L 0 A 519 Q 0 5,8!� Q 0:9;+�� Q � 2 Q O ���75,+ L ��6 WXKML 2#�.- L 0 L � )YL ��510 L0 L 2[U )YL 2 �O5 T`O Q �:+=��� + KML 5PTN+��N+ U32 L 0�5�� �PL 8 L + _ LYL � + K[L / 5��;2'��� ) OZ6

: � ) 5�� 8 L � LYL � ��� + K ��� 0 � U;0 L � R Q 0 + K[L 2 � � K +?� U3O 8 L 0����P- L �;6 ����6 L �����!4 5,+�T Q _5PTa+��a+ U;2 L � Q1R 6I6 6 ) O �"+ KML 2#�.- L 0 L � )YL 8 L + _ LRL �&O L 5��VU30 L 2 5��32 ) 5PT ) UMTI5K+ L 2Z830"� � K +�%� L �"�P+ L O 9 L 0�5K+ U30 L ��� 518 Q U;+ L�L 8 5��32 5K+ K � � K 5PTN+��N+ U32 L � Q,R ���;6 6 ) O ���M518 Q U;+/)8 6 �%Q 0 2 � � K +�� U3OP8 L 0 � � - � 6I6 �1/;6 L �����!465,+�5 Ta+��N+ U32 L � Q,R 6 ) O + K[L 2!�.- L 0 L � )RL8 L + _ LRL �ZO L 5��NU30 L 2J5��32 ) 5PT ) UMTI5K+ L 2G830�� � K +�� L ��� + L O 9 L 0�5,+ U;0 L ���1518 Q U;+�� 638 5<�325,+ K � � K 5 Ta+��N+ U32 L � Q1R�� 6 6 ) O ���$518 Q U;+ ¡ 8 6

/�A L 0�5PT\T3+ KML � � L 8 L � / � � APL �@�NT�� � K + T �P8 L +:+ L 0?5 � 0 LYL O L �M+b+ K 5�� + KML.-�Q � L � ) 0�5<�)(��� O Q 2 L T 8MUI+ ���6� Q +.930 L 2!� ) +���� �@L � Q U � K 5,8!� Q 0:9;+�� Q � � _ KML 0 L + KML 518!� Q 0X9;+�� Q � ���� LYL �Y+ Q 8 L K � �PK 6

��������������� � � ����� � ��� 6,/

6 7 8 9 10 11 12altitude [km]

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ean

brig

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ratu

re [k

] flight date: 13.03.2000

ASURerror barH2O-MPM93H2O-MPM89H2O-PWR98

� � � U;0 L 6@6 L B WXKML )RQ O 97510���� Q � 8 L + _ LRL � + K[L O L 5��NU;0 L 2E5<�32P+ KMLc) 5PT ) UMT�5,+ L 2 830"� � K +�%� L �"��+ L O 9 L 0�5,+NU30 L ��� + L 0XO�� Q1R + K 0 LYL 2!�.- L 0 L �!+ )YQ �M+���� UMU3O�O Q 2 L T���6

W5Q@Q 8;+>5<��� 5 O Q 0 L 2 L +>5��\T L 2 U#�32 L 0"�:+�5��32!��� �@Q1R + KML 9 L 0 R Q 0XO 5�� )YL Q,R + KML 2!� R %R L 0 L �!+<O Q 2 L T�� �*+ KML )RQ O 97510���� Q � 8 L + _ LYL � + KML O L 5��VU30 L 2 5��32 + KML ) 5PT ) UMT�5,+ L 2830�� � K +�� L ��� + L O 9 L 0�5,+NU30 L _ �a+ K + K 0 LYL 2#�.- L 0 L �!+*O Q 2 L T�� - � � L 8 L � / � � � L 8 L ��� 5<�32-�Q � L � ) 0�5��)( ��� 4=���F� KMQ _ � ��� � � � U30 L 6I6 L 6

WXKML � � L 8 L � / � � A L �-�:+f0 Q � � L 0-518!� Q 0X9;+�� Q � + K 5�� + KML�Q + KML 0�O Q 2 L T���6 WXK[L � � L 8 L��� O Q 2 L T � � APL � _ L 5 ) L 0@518!� Q 0X9I+�� Q � �!8MU;+-��� �:+��STST � 0 L 5,+ L 0e+ K 5�� + KML�-�Q � L � ) 0�5���( � �O Q 2 L T$6 9 + ) 5�� 8 L � LRL � ��� + K ��� 0 � U;0 L + K 5,+c+ KML � � L 8 L ��� 5 � 0 LYL � ) T Q � L T�� _ �a+ K + K[L-�Q � L � ) 0�5��)( ��� 8 L�) 5PU!� L �a+*2#�.- L 0�� O Q 0 LAQ 0�T L ��� Q �[T��J��� + KML R Q 0 L � � �&%B8;0 Q 512 L � L 2)YQ O 9 Q � L �!+56

��������������� � � ����� � ��� 6  20.01.2000

5 6 7 8 9 10 11altitude [km]

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5 6 7 8 9 10 11altitude [km]

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20.01.2000

5 6 7 8 9 10 11altitude [km]

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ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

ASUR measurementmeasurement errorsARTS modelmodel errors

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