[3] Mertz A. und Pollakowski M., „xDSL & Access Networks – Grundlagen, Technik und Einsatzaspekte von HDSL, ADSL und VDSL“, Prentice Hall, München, 2000.
[4] Frohberg, W. „Access-Technologien“, Hüthig Verlag Heidelberg, 2001.
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[6] Harald Orlamünder, „Paket-basierte Kommunikationsprotokolle“, Hüthig, Bonn, 2005.
[7] Roland Kiefer, „Messtechnik in digitalen Netzen“, Hüthig Verlag Heidelberg, 1997.
[8] Obermann, K. „SDH und optische Netze“, im Handbuch der Telekommunikation, Deutscher Wirtschaftsdienst, Köln, 2006.
[9] Mike Sexton und Andy Reid, „Broadband Networking“, Artech House, Norwood, 1997.
[10] ITG Fachgruppe 5.3.3 Photonische Netze, „Optical Transport Networks – Technical Trends and Assessment“, www.vde.com, 03/2006.
[11] http://ieee802.org/
[12] K. Thompson et al., „Wide-Area Internet Traffic Patterns and Characteristics“, IEEE Network, 12/97.
[13] IEEE Std. 802.3-2005
[14] ITG-Positionspapier „Optical Transport Networks (OTN)“, www.vde.com, März 2006.
[38] Whitepaper TPACK „T-MPLS: A New Route to Carrier Ethernet“, Version 2, June 2007, www.tpack.com
[39] Ralf Hülsermann et al., „Cost modeling and evaluation of capital expenditures in opti-cal multilayer networks“, Journal Of Optical Networking, Vol. 7, No. 9, September 2008.
[40] Whitepaper ECI Telecom „Ethernet Services and Service Delivery Technologies in the Metro“, February 2007, www.lightreading.com
[41] Andreas Gladisch et al., „Access 2.0 – das Zugangsnetz für das Internet des Wissens und der Dinge“, ntz Heft 6/2008.
[42] Norman Finn, „Connectivity Fault Management Ethernet OAM“, Joint ITU-T/IEEE Workshop on Carrier-class Ethernet, 31.5.-1.6.2007, Genf.
[43] Dr. Stephen J. Trowbridge, „Standards Overview ITU-T Activities on Ethernet Net-working“, Joint ITU-T/IEEE Workshop on Carrier-class Ethernet, 31.5.-1.6.2007, Genf.
[44] Bob Grow, „IEEE 802 Standards Overview“, Joint ITU-T/IEEE Workshop on Carrier-class Ethernet, 31.5.-1.6.2007, Genf.
[45] Whitepaper Resilient Packet Ring Alliance „An Introduction to Resilient Packet Ring Technology“, Juli 2003, www.rpralliance.org
264 6 Anhang
[46] John Lemon, „IEEE 802.17 The Resilient Packet Ring Protocol“, Joint ITU-T/IEEE Workshop on Carrier-class Ethernet, 31.5.-1.6.2007, Genf.
[47] Bruce Davie and Yakov Rekhter, „MPLS – Technology and Applications“, Academic Press, San Diego, 2000.
[48] Whitepaper Huawei Technologies „Technical White Paper for PWE3“, 2007, http://datacomm.huawei.com
[49] Whitepaper Ciena „Optimizing Networks in Transition with Multiservice Pseu-dowires“, 2006, www.ciena.com
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[54] G. Huston, „The IPv4 Internet Report“. http://ipv4.potaroo.net
[55] Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, http://www.iana.org
[56] Internet Protocol Version 6 Address Space, http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-address-space
[57] IETF WG Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (bfd), http://www.ietf.org/ html.charters/bfd-charter.html
[58] S. Schnitter, M. Horneffer: Traffic Matrices for MPLS Networks with LDP Traffic Statistics. Proc. Networks 2004, VDE-Verlag 2004.
[59] Cisco Systems, „Introduction to Cisco IOS NetFlow – A Technical Overview“. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/iosswrel/ps6537/ps6555/ps6601/prod_ white_paper0900aecd80406232.html
[60] T. Telkamp, A. Gous, A. Afrakhteh, „Traffic Engineering through Automated Optimi-zation of Routing Metrics“, Terena Networking Conference, June 2004, Rhodes. http://www.cariden.com/technologies/papers/terena-telkamp-v1.pdf
[61] M. Horneffer, „IGP tuning in an MPLS network“, NANOG 33, Las Vegas, 2005.
[62] BGP Best Path Selection Algorithm, http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/ tech-nologies_tech_note09186a0080094431.shtml
[63] Hans-Martin Foisel, „ASON/GMPLS Optical Control Plane Tutorial“ MUPBED Workshop at TNC2007, Copenhagen, www.oiforum.com
[64] Whitepaper Alcatel „Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching – The telecommuni-cations holy grail or a pragmatic means of raising carrier profitability?“, 12/2003.
[66] Andrzej Jajszczyk, „Automatically Switched Optical Networks: Benefits and Re-quirements“, IEEE Optical Communications, February 2005.
[67] Whitepaper Data Connection, „MPLS in Optical Networks – An analysis of the fea-tures of MPLS and Generalized MPLS and their application to Optical Networks, with reference to the Link Management Protocol and Optical UNI“, www.dataconnection.com
6.1 Literaturverzeichnis 265
[68] Whitepaper Polaris Networks, „GMPLS – The New Big Deal in Intelligent Metro Optical Networking“, www.polarisnetworks.com
[70] Whitepaper Optical Interworking Forum, „2007 Worldwide Interoperability Demon-stration: On-Demand Ethernet Services across Global Optical Networks“, www.oiforum.com
[71] OIF's 3rd Optical Internetworking Workshop ASON/GMPLS Test Beds in Europe, Monday, May 8th, 2006.
[72] OIF's 4th Optical Internetworking Workshop ASON/GMPLS Test Beds in Asia and North America, Monday, July 31st, 2006
[73] OIF's 5th Optical Internetworking Workshop ASON/GMPLS Implementations in Car-rier Networks Monday, October 16th, 2006.
[74] Whitepaper Huawei Technologies, „Development trends of GMPLS control plane“, July 2008, www.huawei.com
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[76] Vishnu S. Shukla, „Optical Control Plane Deployment Optical Control Plane Deploy-ment – Lessons Lessons Learned“, OIF's 5th Optical Internetworking Workshop ASON/GMPLS Implementations in Carrier Networks Monday, October 16th, 2006.
[81] Ralf Peter Braun, „100GET/OCTET Success Stories – Results of 100 Gbit/s Field Experiments in the Deutsche Telekom Network Infrastructure“, ITG-Fachtagung „Photonische Netze“, Leipzig, Mai 2012.
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[83] Alcatel-Lucent, „MPLS Transport Profile – Standard update and TP support on 1850-TSS“, 6.2.2012
6.2 Abkürzungen 6PE IPv6 Islands over IPv4 MPLS Using IPv6 Provider Edge Routers ADM Add/Drop Multiplexer ADSL Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line AF Assured Forwarding AIS Alarm Indication Signal AL Access Layer ALG Application Level Gateway ANSI American National Standards Institute APE abgesetzte periphere Einheit APNIC Asia Pacific Network Information Centre APS Automatic Protection Switching ARIN American Registry for Internet Numbers ARIS Aggregate Route IP Switching ARP Address Resolution Protocol ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency AS Autonomes System ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASON Automatic Switched Optical Network ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode AU Administrative Unit AUI Attachment Unit Interface BACP Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol BAP Bandwidth Allocation Protocol B-DA Backbone-Destination Address BFD Bidirectional Forwarding Detection BGP Border Gateway Protocol BID Bridge Identifier BIP Bit Interleaved Parity BNetzA Bundesnetzagentur BoD Bandwidth on Demand BPDU Bridge Protocol Data Units BRAS Broadband Remote Access Server B-SA Backbone-Source Address B-VID Backbone VLAN Identifier CAPEX Capital Expenditure CBS Committed Burst Size CCAMP Common Control And Measurement Protocol Working Group CCIR Comité Consultatif International des Radiocommunications CCITT Comité Consultatif International Télégraphique et Téléphonique
6.2 Abkürzungen 267
CE Customer Equipment CFI Canonical Format Identifier cHEC Core-Header Error Control CID Channel Identifier CIDR Classless Inter-Domain Routing CIR Committed Information Rate CL Core Layer CLNS Connectionless Network Service CLPS Connectionless Packet-Switched CO-CS Connection-Oriented Circuit-Switched CO-PS Connection-Oriented Packet-Switched CPE Customer Premises Equipment CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CR-LDP Constrained-based Label Distribution Protocol CsC Carrier supporting Carrier CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection CSNP Complete Sequence Number Packet CSPF Contrained Based Routing CuDA Kupferdoppelader CWDM Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing DARPA Defence Advanced Research Project Agency DCN Data Communication Network DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications DEI Drop Eligible Indicator DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DiffServ Differentiated Services DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung DL Distribution Layer DLCI Data-Link Connection Identifier DMT Discrete Multitone DNS Domain Name System DOS Denial of Service DQDB Distributed Queue Dual Bus DSAP Destination Service Access Point DSCP Differentiated Services Codepoint DSL Digital Subscriber Line DSLAM DSL Access Multiplexer DTE Data Terminal Equipment DVB Digital Video Broadcasting DXC Digitaler Crossconnect EBS Excess Burst Size
268 6 Anhang
ECMP Equal Cost Multi Path ECN Explicit Congestion Notification EF Expedited Forwarding EFM Ethernet in the First Mile EGP Exterior Routing Protocol EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol EIR Excess Information Rate E-LSP Exp-inferred LSP E-NNI External Network Network Interface ENUM E.164 Number Mapping EPL Ethernet Private Line Service EPLAN Ethernet Private LAN Service EPON Ethernet Passive Optical Network EPW Ethernet Private Wire ERO Explicite Route Object ESCON Enterprise Systems Connection ESHDSL Enhanced Single-Pair High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line ES-IS End System-to-Intermediate System ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute EVC Ethernet Virtual Connection EVLL Ethernet Virtual Leased Line EVPL Ethernet Virtual Private Line Service EVPLAN Ethernet Virtual Private LAN Service EVPN Ethernet Virtual Private Network EVz Endverzweiger EXI Extension Header Identifier FCAPS Fault, Configuration, Accouting, Performance & Security Management FCS Frame Check Sequence FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing FEC Forwarding Equivalence Class / Forward Error Correction FIB Forwarding Information Base FICON Fibre Connection FLSM Fixed Length Subnet Mask FPC Flexible PIC Concentrator FR Frame Relay FSC Fiber-Switch Capable FTP File Transfer Protocol FTTx Fiber to the Building (x=B), Fiber to the Home (x=H) GAN Global Area Network GARP Generic Attribute Registration Protocol GbE Gigabit Ethernet
6.2 Abkürzungen 269
GELS GMPLS Ethernet Label Switching GFP Generic Framing Procedure GFP-F Frame-mapped GFP GFP-T Transparent-mapped GFP GGP Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol GMPLS Generalized MPLS GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation GSM Global System for Mobile Communications GW Gateway HDLC High-Level Data Link Control HDSL High Bitrate Digital Subscriber Line HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol H-VPLS Hierarchical VPLS HVt Hauptverteiler IAB Internet Architecture Board IANA Internet Assigned Number Authority iBGP internal BGP ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol IDPR Inter-Domain Policy Routing IDRP Inter-Domain Routing Protocol IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IETF Internet Engineering Task Force IGP Interior Gateway Protocol IGRP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol IHL IP Header Length IIH Point-to-Point IS-IS Hello IMS IP Multimedia Subsystems I-NNI Internal Network Network Interface IP Internet Protokoll IPCP Internet Protocol Control Protocol IPsec Security Architecture for IP IPTV IP Television ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISH IS-Hello I-SID Service Instance Identifier IS-IS Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System ISO International Organization for Standardization ISOC Internet Society ISP Internet Service Provider IT Informationstechnik
270 6 Anhang
ITU International Telecommunication Union ITU-D ITU Development Sector ITU-R ITU Radio Sector ITU-T ITU Telecommunication Sector IVL Independent VLAN Learning KVz Kabelverzweiger L2F Layer 2 Forwarding L2SC Layer-2 Switch Capable L2TP Layer-2-Tunneling Protocol LACP Link Control Protocol LAN Local Area Network LAP Link Access Procedure LAPS Link Access Procedure SDH LCAS Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme LCP Link Control Protocol LDP Label Distribution Protocol LER Label Edge Router LFIB Label Forwarding Information Base LIB Label Information Base LIR Lokale Internet-Registries LLC Logical Link Control L-LSP Label-only-inferred LSP LOP Loss of Packet LOS Loss of Signal LRO Label Record Object LSA Linke State Advertisment LSB Least Significant Bit LSC Lambda-Switch Capable LSP Link State Packet / Label Switched Path LSR Label Switched Router LWL Lichtwellenleiter MAC Media Access Control MAN Metropolitan Area Network MAPOS Multiple Access Protocol over SDH MAU Medium Attachment Unit MDF Main Distribution Frame MDI Medium Dependent Interface MED Multi Exit Discriminator MEF Metro Ethernet Forum MFA MPLS and Frame Relay Alliance MII Medium Independent Interfache
6.2 Abkürzungen 271
MM Multimode Glasfaser MP PPP Multilink Protocol MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS-TP MPLS Transport Profile MRU Maximum Receive Unit MSB Most Significant Bit MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol MTU Maximum Transmission Unit NAPT Network and Port Address Translation NAS Network Access Server NAT Network Address Translation NCP Network Control Protocol NGN Next Generation Network Nhop Next-Hop NMS Netzmanagementsystem NNhop Next-Next-Hop NSF National Science Foundation NT Network Termination OA Optical Amplifier OADM Optischer Add/Drop Multiplexer OAM Operation Administration and Maintenance OCh Optical Channel ODU Optical Data Unit OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OIF Optical Internetworking Forum OLT Optical Line Termination ONT Optical Network Termination OPAL Optische Anschlussleitung OPEX Operational Expenditure OSI Open Systems Interconnection OSPF Open Shortest Path First OTH Optical Transport Hierarchy OTN Optical Transport Network OXC Optischer Crossconnect P Provider Core PAM Pulse Amplitude Modulation PAT Port Address Translation PBB Provider Backbone Bridging PBB-TE Provider Backbone Bridging – Traffic Engineering PBT Provider Backbone Transport PCM Pulse Code Modulation
272 6 Anhang
PCS Physical Coding Sublayer PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy PDU Protocol Data Unit PE Provider Edge PHB Per-Hop-Behaviour PHP Penultimate Hop Popping PHY Physical Layer Device PI Provider Independend PIC Physical Interface Card PLC Powerline Communication PLI Payload Length Indicator PLS Physical Layer Siganling PLSB Provider Link State Bridging PMA Physical Medium Attachment PMD Physical Medium Dependent PMP Point-to-Multipoint PNNI Private Network-to-Network Interface PoE Power over Ethernet POH Path Overhead PON Passive Optical Networks POS Packet over Sonet POTS Plain Old Telephony Service PPP Point-to-Point Protocol PPPoE PPP over Ethernet PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol PRC Partial Route Calculation PSC Packet-Switch Capable PSK Phase Shift Keying PSNP Partial Sequence Number Packet PT Payload Type PTI Payload Type Indicator pt-pt Point-to-Point PVC Permanent Virtual Connection PWE3 Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge QAM Quadratur Amplituden Modulation QoS Quality-of-Service RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol RAS Remote Access Server RD Route Distinguisher RDI Remote Defect Indication ResE Residential Ethernet
6.2 Abkürzungen 273
RFC Request for Comment RIB Routing Information Base RIP Routing Information Protocol RIPE NCC Réseau IP Européens Network Coordination RIR Regionale Internet Registries ROADM Rekonfigurierbarer Optischer Add/Drop Multiplexer RPR Resilient Packet Ring RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol RT Routing-Tabelle RTP Real-Time Transport Protocol SAN Storage Area Networks SC Switched Connection SDH Synchrounous Digital Hierarchy SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control SDM Space Division Multiplexing SFD Start Frame Delimiter SG Study Group SHDSL Single-Pair High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line SLA Service Level Agreement SLIP Serial Line Interface Protocols SM Singlemode Glasfaser SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SNA Systems Network Architecture SNAP Sub-Network Access Protocol SNMP Simple Network Management Protocols SoC Switching on Command SoD Switching on Demand SOH Section Overhead SONET Synchronous Optical Network SPC Soft Permanent Connection SPF Shortest Path First SPIT SPAM over Internet Telephony SPVC Soft Permanent Virtual Connection SRLG Shared Risk Link Group SSAP Source Service Access Point STM Synchronous Transport Module STP Spanning Tree Protocol / Shielded Twisted Pair SVC Switched Virtual Connection TAL Teilnehmeranschlussleitung TCI Tac Control Information
274 6 Anhang
TCP Transmission Control Protocol TDM Time Division Multiplexing TE Traffic Engineering TK Telekommunikation TLS Transparent LAN Service TLV Type-Length-Value T-MPLS Transport-MPLS TNA Transport Network Assigned Address TOS Type of Service TPID EtherType Identifier TS Timeslot TTL Time to live UA Unnumbered Acknowledgement UDP User Datagram Protocol UHP Ultimate Hop Popping UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UNI User Network Interface UPI User Payload Identifier URL Uniform Resource Locator UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair VC Virtual Container VCAT Virtual Concatenation VCCV Virtual Circuit Connection Verification VCI Virtual Channel Identifier VDE Verein Deutscher Elektrotechniker VDSL Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line VLAN Virtuelles LAN VLSM Variable Length Subnet Mask VoD Video on Demand VoIP Voice-over-IP VPI Virtual Path Identifier VPLS Virtual Private LAN Service VPN Virtual Private Network VRF Virtual Routing and Forwarding VTP VLAN Trunking Protokol WAN Wide Area Network WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing WIMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access WIS WAN Interface Sublayer WLAN Wireless LAN WWW World Wide Web
