biomeurne S i n a a r s i BIOFARMER - Elkana...fermerTa uflebebis dacva PROTECTION OF FARMERS RIGHTS...

biomeurneBIOFARMER

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biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia èlkanas~ perioduli gamocema

direqtorisagan

FOREWORD FROM THE DIRECTOR

sazRvargareTis gamocdileba

FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

Sexvedrebi, seminarebi, konferenciebi

MEETINGS, WORKGHOPS, CONFERENCES

Cveni Jurnalis stumrebi

GUESTS OF OUR MAGAZINE

rCevebi biomeurneebs

ADVICES FOR BIO-FARMERS

agrobiomravalferovnebis dacva

PROTECTION OF AGRICULTURAL DIVERSITY

agroturizmi

AGROTOURISM

fermerTa uflebebis dacva

PROTECTION OF FARMERS RIGHTS

Cveni biomeurneebi

OUR BIO-FARMERS

saTemo mobilizeba da soflis ganviTareba

COMMUNITY MOBILISATION & RURAL DEVELOPMENT

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rrrreeeeddddaaaaqqqqttttoooorrrriiii

rrrreeeeddddkkkkoooolllleeeeggggiiiiaaaa

manana gigauri

mariam jorjaZe

Tamaz dundua

daviT doliZe

irakli javaxiSvili

biZina feraZe

lllliiiitttt.... kkkkoooorrrreeeeqqqqttttuuuurrrraaaa

kkkkoooommmmppppiiiiuuuutttteeeerrrruuuulllliiii

uuuuzzzzrrrruuuunnnnvvvveeeellllyyyyooooffffaaaa

nodar ebraliZe

manana gigauri

biomeurne 2 (13) 200644


ekologiuri soflis meurneoba,

rogorc sistema, XX saukunis

20-ian wlebSi Caisaxa. es iyo e.w.

idealizmis periodi da am periodSi

ekologiuri soflis meurneoba ide-

alistebis axirebad miaCndaT. sax-

elmwifo am mimarTulebas yurad-

Rebas ar aqcevda. mxolod 80-ian

wlebSi, `mwvane revoluciis~ da

sxvadasxva faqtorebis, maT Soris,

mdgradi ganviTarebis koncefciis

gavleniT, saxelmwifoebma yurad-

Reba miaqcies ekologiur soflis

meurneobas da Seiqmna am seqtoris

xelSewyobis programebi.

dabolos, 90-ian wlebSi ekolo-

giuri soflis meurneobis seriozu-

li stimulirebis periodi dadga:

ekologiuri standartebi aRiarebul

iqna saxelmwifo doneze; 1991

wels miiRes evrokavSiris dadge-

nileba ekologiuri soflis meur-

neobis regulirebis Taobaze, 2002

wlidan aseTive tipis dadgenileba

miRebul iqna amerikaSic.

gasuli saukunis miwuruls daiwyo

am mimarTulebis bumi - dReisaTvis

ekologiuri soflis meurneobis sferoSi CarTuli fermerebis rao-

denoba, ekomeurneobebis farTobi da ekoproduqciis bazari

yovelwliurad izrdeba.

eqspertebis SefasebiT ekoproduqciis bazari erT-erTi swrafad

mzardi da dinamikuria. specialistebi varaudoben, rom XXI sauku-

nis pirvel naxevarSi msoflioSi warmoebuli produqciisa da

teqnologiebis 40% ekologiuri iqneba. Sesabamisad, kompaniebi

am mcire statiaSi gagacnobT ekomeurneobebis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT

erT-erTi wamyvani evropuli qveynis avstriis gamocdilebas. am qveynis

SerCeva ganapiroba im faqtorma, rom avstriis ekomeurneobebis didi nawili

mTian, sasoflo-sameurneo TvalsazrisiT rTul zonaSia da meurneobebis

farTobi SedarebiT mcirea - 5-15 ha. vfiqrobT, mciremiwiani qarTveli

fermerebisTvis saintereso iqneba avstriis magaliTis gacnoba.

msoflioSi ekoproduqciiT vaWrobis moculobis zrda

(mlrd aSS dolari)

ekologiuri

soflis meurneoba

avstriaSi

programis menejeri

Tamaz dundua

1998

50

0

100

150

200

250

300

2003 2005 2008 2020

biomeurne 2 (13) 2006


55

da kerZo mewarmeebi, romlebic sxvebze adre gaiazreben am

mimarTulebis momgebianobas, SeimuSaveben Sesabamis

strategias da Cadeben investicias, udavod momgebian

mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndebian. msoflio bankis kvlevebis

safuZvelze SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qveynebi, romlebic

iTvaliswineben ekologiur moTxovnebs da aqvT mkacri

standarti, msoflio bazarze lideris rolSi aRmoCndebian.

mag., saerTaSoriso aRiarebis mqone saqonlis ekologiuri

patentebis 43% germaniaze modis; dania qaris energiis

gamoyenebis lideria (qveynis eleqtroenergiis 8% qaris

energiaze modis), aq iwarmoeba qaris turbinebis 50% da

igi wliurad 1 mlrd aSS dolar Semosavals aZlevs qveyanas.

dReisaTvis msoflioSi ekologiuri warmoebisa da

eqspertizis sferoSi wamyvani adgili ukavia aSS-s, iapo-

nias da dasavleT evropis qveynebs.

am mcire statiaSi gagacnobT ekomeurneobebis

ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT erT-erTi wamyvani evropuli

qveynis avstriis gamocdilebas.

ekoproduqciis msoflio da evropul bazarze avstrias

gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia - XX saukunis miwuruls

evropis ekomeurneobebis 36% swored avstriaze modioda.

aseTi situacia mTeli rigi obieqturi faqtorebiTaa gan-

pirobebuli, romelTagan mTavaria soflis meurneobis

struqtura, saxelmwifos mxridan seriozuli xelSewyoba,

ekoproduqciis gasaRebis meqanizmebis arseboba, momxmare-

blisa da mwarmoeblebis ekologiuri cnobierebis maRali

done da sxv.

avstriis mosaxleobis 4,2% dakavebulia soflis meur-

neobaSi. mcire ekologiuri meurneobebis (ojaxuri ferme-

bis tipis) didi nawili ganlagebulia mTian regionSi da

maTi raodenoba dReisaTvis 19000-s aRwevs da moicavs

daaxloebiT 298 000 ha farTobs, rac Seadgens avstriis

sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis 11,6%-s da fermebis

saerTo raodenobis 9,2%-s.

aRsaniSnavia, rom ekofermerebis 97% meurneobaSi

daaxloebiT 11-18 sul saqonels inaxavs. avstriis fermerTa

asociaciebis monacemebiT sertificirebuli ekofermebis

2/3 mecxovelebazea orientirebuli (regionebi, sadac

maRalia saZovrebis wili - tiroli, zalcbur-

gi, stiria), 1/3 ki - memcenareobaze.

avstriaSi ekomeurneobebis ganviTarebas

xeli Seuwyo samma ZiriTadma faqtorma: fed-

eralurma subsidiebma, garemosdacviTma pro-

gramam (àvstriis nacionaluri daxmarebis

programa bunebrivi sasicocxlo pirobebis

damcveli eqstensiuri fermerobis gasaviTa-

reblad~ - OePUL) da mecxoveleobis ferme-

bis ganviTarebisTvis erTob xelsayrelma

pirobebma.

1991 wels avstriis soflisa da satyeo

meurneobis saministros iniciativiT daiwyo

im fermerTa subsidireba, romlebic ekomeur-

neobaze gadasvlis survils gamoTqvamdnen,

xolo 1992 wlidan programaSi CarTes gar-

damaval periodSi myofi da sertificirebuli

fermebic.

1995 wlidan avstriaSi amuSavda specialuri

agroekologiuri programa (àvstriis naciona-

biomeurne 2 (13) 200666


luri daxmarebis programa bunebrivi sasicocxlo piro-

bebis damcveli eqstensiuri fermerobis gasaviTareb-

lad~ - OePUL), romelic ekofermerebis subsidirebas

iTvaliswinebda. avstriis ekofermebis 95% am pro-

gramis farglebSi iRebs subsidiebs. programis realiza-

cia xorcieldeba evrogaerTianebis fondidan (50 %),

federaluri (30%) da adgilobrivi (20%) wyaroebidan.

am programis farglebSi subsidirebis odenobaze

gavlenas axdens meurneobis farTobi da warmoebuli

produqciis saxeoba.

avstriaSi ekofermerTa asociaciebis umravle-

soba TavianT wevrebs kvalificiuri samrCevlo

momsaxurebiT uzrunvelyofs. qveynis sxvadasxva

mxareSi muSaoben Enrte-Verband-is mrCevlebi

mevenaxeobis, mexileobis, mebostneobis, meRo-

reobis da sxv. ganxriT. samrCevlo momsaxurebas

awarmoeben ekomeurneobaze orientirebuli sa-

soflo-sameurneo saswavleblebic. fermerTa aso-

ciaciebis umravlesoba gamoscems Jurnalebs, rom-

lebSic ibeWdeba statiebi ekomeurneobis Sesaxeb.

1990-iani wlebidan avstriaSi SeiniSneba mrCev-

lebis deficiti, rac ekomeurneobebis ricxvis

mkveTrma zrdam ganapiroba. fermerTa mcire aso-

ciaciebis umravlesobas ar gaaCnia mrCevlis daqi-

ravebis finansuri SesaZlebloba. amdenad, xSirad

gamocdili fermerebi TviTon swebven samrCevlo

momsaxurebas da xSirad amas ufasod akeTeben.

ekofermebis sertificireba mimdinareobs evro-

gaerTianebis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad. avstriaSi

amJamad funqcionirebs 7 makontrolirebeli orga-

no. maT Soris wa,myvani adgili ukavia ABG

(Austria Bio Garantie). qveynis biofermebis 50%-

is inspeqtirebas swored igi eweva. ekofermis

TiToeuli inspeqtireba jdeba daaxloebiT 110-130

evro.

daxmarebis programis amuSaveba seriozuli stimuli

aRmoCnda avstriis fermerebisaTvis - 10 wlis manZilze

(1990-2000) ekofermebis raodenoba 12-jer gaizarda.

avstriis ekofermerTa ZiriTadi nawili gaerTia-

nebulia asociaciebsa da kavSirebSi. maTgan aRsaniS-

navia fermerTa asociacia `bio ernte~. am asociaciis

standartis zogierTi moTxovna gacilebiT mkacria,

vidre saxelmwifo standartebisa.

saxelmwifos mxridan ekofermebis xelSewyobis

programas Tan axlda ekoproduqciis farTo sarek-

lamo-sainformacio kampania da dReisaTvis avst-

riis momxmarebelTa 95% informirebuli ekopro-

duqciis Taobaze, 70%-s miaCnia, rom aseTi pro-

duqcia sasargebloa janmrTelobisaTvis, xolo

40%-is azriT ekoproduqti gacilebiT gemrielia.

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom aRniSnulma kampaniam

ekoproduqciis mimarT interesis gazrdasTan er-

Tad, saerTod avstriuli produqciisadmi (araeko-

wliuri subsidireba evroebSi:

ekofermebis raodenobis zrda

avstriaSi

1 ha saZovari

1 ha saxnavi

1 ha baRi

1 ha venaxi,

bostneuli,

sanerge

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1980 1990 1995 2000

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20207



77

logiurisadmic!) mimarT mosaxleobis ndobis gazrda gamoiwvia. avstrie-

lebi upiratesobas aniWeben adgilobrivi warmoebis produqts.

avstriaSi ekoproduqciiT Sida sabiTumo vaWrobis wliuri moculoba

218 milion evros aRwevs, rac qveynis bazris moculobis 3%-s Seadgens.

ekoproduqtebis 50% Cveulebrivi savaWro qselSi iyideba, 13% - special-

izebul maRaziebSi, 10% - sazogadoebrivi kvebis qselSi (restornebi,

sastumroebi, sakonditroebi, skolebi), xolo 7 %-s - TviTon fermere-

bi yidian bazrobebze.

ekoproduqciis fasi, qveynis Sida bazarze, Cveulebriv produqciaze

saSualod 25-30%-iT metia. Tumca zogierTi produqti (xorcis nawarmi,

mcenareuli zeTi) ufro Zviricaa - Cveulebrivze 50%-iT.

avstriaSi warmoebuli bioproduqciis 2/3 Sida bazarze iyideba, 1/3 ki

gadis gare bazarze (rZis produqti, xorcis nawarmi, bavSvTa kveba da

sxv.).

avstriuli ekoproduqciis ZiriTadi eqsportioria germania, didi

britaneTi, Svecia. zogierTi rZis produqti Sedis ruseTis bazarze da

arabul qveynebSi.

avstria im ekoproduqciis importsac eweva, romelic qveyanaSi ar iwar-

moeba. avstriaSi ekoproduqtebi Semodis evrogaerTianebis qveynebidan,

centraluri evropidan, afrikidan da sxv. ekoproduqciis didi nawili

Semodis ungreTidan da CexeTidan, sadac igi iwarmoeba xelSekrulebis

Sesabamisad; citrusebi SemoaqvT italiidan, kivi - axali zelandiidan,

avokado - keniidan da samxreT amerikis qveynebidan, marcvleuli -

safrangeTidan da sxv.

dabolos, kidev erTxel unda aRiniSnos, rom dReisaTvis

evrogaerTianebis qveynebSi daaxloebiT 7,5 mln ha farTobi

sertificirebulia, rogorc ekologiuri. ekomeurneobebis farTo-

bebis zrdas ganapirobebs ekomeurneobebis ganviTarebis kargi

xelSemwyobi pirobebi: Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo baza, sax-

elmwifo dotacia, SeRavaTebis sistema ekofermerebisaTvis da

momxmarebelTa ekologiuri cnobierebis maRali done.

biomeurne 2 (13) 200688

agroturizmi

soflad turizmis ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT èlka-

nam~ Sveicariis ganviTarebis saagentos mxardaWeriT

daiwyo muSaoba 2006 wlis ivnisidan. misi mizania

saqarTveloSi turizmis iseTi formebis ganviTareba,

rogoric xels Seuwyobs soflis mosaxleobis sacxovre-

beli pirobebis gaumjobesebas, dasaqmebas, adgilobrivi

biomeurneobis ganviTarebasa da SenarCunebas. progra-

ma iTvaliswinebs `Rvinis turebis~ dagegmvasa da ganx-

orcielebas saqarTveloSi rogorc adgilobrivi, aseve

ucxoeli stumrebisaTvis, sadac adgilobrivi marnis

Rvinis SeTavazebis garda, stumrebisaTvis demon-

strirebuli iqneba sxva produqtebis tradiciuli wesebiT

damzadebis procesebi: mawvnis Sededeba, yvelis amoy-

vana, karaqis SedRveba, Taflis gamowurva, CurCxelis

amovleba da sxv.

siaxlesiaxle

saqarTvelos rekreaciuli* potenciali

da uZvelesi kulturuli memkvidreoba

qmnis turizmis ganviTarebis erT-erT

safuZvels. am patara qveyanaSi warmod-

genilia uamravi bunebrivi da

anTropogenuri rekreaciuli resursi:

mTa, zRva, mravalferovani landSafti,

mudmivi TovliTa da myinvarebiT

dafaruli kavkasioni, sakurorto-klima-

turi pirobebi, mravaldargovani

soflis meurneoba, adgilobrivi tradi-

ciebi da mravalsaukunovani istoriuli

Zeglebi.

dResdReobiT turizmis da dasvenebis

popularuli saxeoba aris qalaqgareT

bunebaSi dasveneba, adgilobriv

mosaxleobasTan stumroba, sadac tur-

istebs aqvT saSualeba gaecnon tradi-

ciul stumarTmoyvareobas, xalxuri

rewvis produqcias, nacionalur

dResaswaulebs, kerZebs. miiRon monaw-

ileoba soflis tradiciul cxovrebaSi

(mosavlis aReba, Rvinis dayeneba da

sxv.) da Seiswavlon glexuri meurneo-

bis teqnologia. daisvenon ekologiu-

rad sufTa garemoSi, sadac aris

simSvide da siwynare. gaeqcnen indus-

triul garemos da qalaqis aCqarebul

ritms.

saqarTvelo am mxriv unikalur

SesaZleblobas sTavazobs soflis

turizmiT dainteresebul mogzaurs. aq

yvela ojaxisaTvis `stumari RvTisaa~,

xolo qarTuli sufra da

sadRegrZeloebi, Tamada da misi

alaverdi, polifoniuri musika da

tradiciuli kerZebiT gawyobili sufra

- namdvili xelovnebaa, romelsac Tan

sdevs ama Tu im kuTxisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli kolorituli iumori.

saqarTveloSi

turizmisa da soflis

meurneobis

ganviTarebis proeqti

!

proeqtis menejeri

lela xartiSvili

* rekreacia laTinuri sityvaa da Sromaze daxarjuli energiis aRdgenas niSnavs. igi gaigivebulia dasvenebasTan da turizmTan.


agroturizmi

99

turizmis ganviTarebis proeqti soflad

iTvaliswinebs:

� adgilobrivi sastumro saxlebis bazis Seqmnas da am bazaze

`Rvinis turebis~ SemuSavebasa da miwodebas adgilobrivi Tu

ucxoeli turistisaTvis;

� tradiciuli produqtebisa da warmoebis xelSewyobas;

� fermerebsa da maTi potenciuri partniorebis TanamSromlobas;

� am sferoSi Cabmuli adamianebis gaerTianebas gamocdilebis

gaziarebis mizniT.

èlkana~ am proeqtis farglebSi SearCevs sastumro saxlebs, rom-

lebic mzad arian miiRon turistebi 2007 wlis zafxulidan.

proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebulia teqnikuri konsultaciebis Catareba,

mcire sesxebis gacema fermerTaTvis, raTa Ramis saTevi pirobe-

bi miuaxlovdes sastumro saxlebis standartebsa da turistul

moTxovnebs. regionebSi SeirCeva aseve fermerTa ojaxebi, rom-

lebic misdeven meRvineobas da SeZleben, Rvinis moyvarulebs gaac-

non tradiciuli qarTuli Rvinis dayenebisa da Senaxvis teqnolo-

giebi, igulisxmeba wesebis dacviT dayenebuli Rvino da ara fal-

sifirebuli produqcia, riTac savsea dRevandeli bazari.

rCevebi èlkanas~ fermerebs, visac surs Caebas

agroturizmSi:

gvaxsovdes, rom turistTa interess fermerTa saqmianoba da

cxovrebis wesis mimzidveloba warmoadgens;

turizmSi Cabma fermers damatebiT Semosavals moutans. igi

ar iTxovs did kapitaldabandebebs, magram saWiroebs srul-

fasovan dagegmvas;

turizmi dasvenebisa da garTobis formaa, amitom stumris

miRebisas gvaxsovdes, rom finansuri dainteresebis miuxe-

davad TiToeulma maspinZelma turists unda daaxvedros

Sesabamisi momsaxureba, amisaTvis fermerebma unda

iTanamSromlon im turistul saagentoebTan da

operatorebTan, vinc maT stumrebs gaugzavnis;

Seuqmnan elementaruli sacxovrebeli pirobebi stumrebs am

saqmianobaSi arsebuli standartebis gaTvaliswinebiT;

gvaxsovdes, rom yvelaze kargi reklama

stumris STabeWdilebaa, romelic mas

mihyveba saxlSi dabrunebisas, yovel

kmayofil stumars mohyveba 10 stumari,

xolo ukmayofilo gvakargvinebs 10-jer

mets;

dabolos, turistuli momsaxurebis

mravalferovneba mxolod mcire da ojax-

uri tipis sastumroebiT aris

SesaZlebeli, radgan maT axasiaTebs

mimzidveloba da specifika.

biomeurne 2 (13) 20061010


2006 wlis 8-9 ivniss biologiur meur-

neobaTa asociacia èlkanam~ Caatara semi-

nari Temaze `biousafrTxoebis kanoni da

agraruli mravalferovnebis dacvis sakiT-

xebi saqarTveloSi - dRevandeli mdgomare-

oba da Semdgomi perspeqtivebi~.

seminaris pirveli dRe, romelic èlka-

nas~ ofisSi gaimarTa, dafinansda EED-is

(germania) èrToblivi advokatirebis proe-

qtis~ farglebSi; meore dRe ki, romelic

gasvliT sesias daeTmo, globaluri gare-

mosdacviTi fondisa da gaeros ganviTa-

rebis programis mier dafinansebuli proe-

qtis - `saqarTvelos agraruli mravlferov-

nebis dacva da mdgradi gamoyeneba~, farg-

lebSi Catarda.

seminaris muSaobaSi monawileobdnen

ucxoeli eqspertebi, saqarTvelos garemos

dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saminist-

ros, saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis sami-

nitros, kvleviTi institutebis, fermerTa

organizaciebis, arasamTavrobo organiza-

ciebisa da mediis warmomadgenlebi.

seminaris mizani iyo saerTaSoriso ga-

mocdilebis gaziareba biousafrTxoebis

sferoSi da seminaris monawileTa pozi-

ciebis Sejereba saqarTveloSi genmodifi-

cirebuli organizmebisa da maTgan miRe-

buli produqtebis regulirebis sakiTxebTan

dakavSirebiT.

gaeros garemosdacviTi programisa

(UNEP) da globaluri garemosdacviTi

fondis GEF finansuri mxardaWeriT sa-

qarTvels garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi

resursebis saminitrom SeimuSava kanon-

proeqti genetikurad modificirebuli orga-

nizmebis Sesaxeb, romelic ZiriTadad

mimarTulia genmodificirebuli organizme-

bisa da maTgan miRebuli produqciis tran-

ssasazRvro gadaadgilebisa da gamoyenebis regulirebasa da kon-

trolze. kanonproeqtis Sesaxeb isaubra garemos dacvisa da bune-

brivi resursebis saminitros biomravalferovnebis departamen-

tis xelmZRvanelis movaleobis Semsrulebelma q-nma ana ruxaZem.

seminaris monawileebi gaecnen mariam meietis (afrikis bio-

usafrTxoebis centri, samxreT afrikis respublika) komentarebs

saqarTvelos biousafrTxoebis kanonproeqtze da, aseve, mis

moxsenebas biousafrTxoebis kanionmdeblobis gansxvavebuli

modelebis Sesaxeb. evrogaerTianebisa da evropis calkeuli

qveynebis gamocdilebis Sesaxeb isaubra rudolf buntcelma,

EED, germania.

seminarze aRiniSna, rom dRes saqarTveloSi dacvis aranairi

meqanizmi ar gvaqvs, ris gamoc didia saSiSroeba:

- transgenuri kulturebis aralegaluri importisa da

gavrcelebisa (rac safrTxes uqmnis adgilobriv mravalfer-

ovnebasa da, aseve, zRudavs qveyanaSi organuli soflis

meurneobis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebs);

- genuri inJineriis teqnologiiT miRebuli sakvebi produqte-

bis ukontrolod Semotanisa (niSandebisa da kontrolis

problema) da

- ucxouri kompaniebis mier iseTi eqsperimentebis finansire-

bisa, romelTa Catareba sxva qveynebSi kanoniT ikrZaleba

an SezRudulia.

seminarze gamovlinda, rom arsebobs mkveTrad uaryofiTi

damokidebuleba, SiSi da sifrTxile genetikurad modificirebu-

li organizmebisagan warmoebuli produqtebis mimarT. mwvave

diskusia gaimarTa, kontrolis meqanizmze - regulireba Tu

akrZalva?!

`genmodificirebuli organizmebis Sesaxeb~ arsebul ka-

nonproeqtSi sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebisa da erTiani samoqmedo

gegmis SemuSavebis uzrunvelsayofad seminaris monawileebma

miiRes gadawyvetileba sainiciativo jgufis Seqmnis Sesaxeb.

9 ivniss gasvliTi sxdoma moewyo q. axalcixeSi, èlkanas~

regionul ofisSi. seminaris monawileebi gaecnen proeqtis -

`saqarTvelos agraruli mravlferovnebis dacva da mdgradi

gamoyeneba~ farglebSi miRweul Sedegebs da daaTvalieres

gadaSenebis piras myofi kulturebis naTesebi wnisis sademon-

stracio nakveTze.

gTavazobT ramdenime intervius, romlebic q. axalcixeSi

gasvliTi sxdomis Semdeg CaviwereT.

biousafrTxoebis kanoni

da agraruli mravalfer-

ovnebis dacvis sakiTxebi

saqarTveloSi -

dRevandeli mdgomareoba da

Semdgomi perspeqtivebi



1111

ASC, samxreT afrika

mariam meieti

EED, germania

rudolf buntceli

moxaruli var, rom saqarTveloSi gamoinaxa dro,

gaCnda survili, rom moipovon Seabamisi informa-

cia genetikur inJineriaze.

me gamocdilebis gasaziareblad Camovedi da,

mgoni, keTilsindisierad Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba,

magram piradad TviTonac bevri ram SeviZine. ker-

Zod, erTgvarad moulodnelic iyo seminarze gamar-

Tuli im debatebis maRali done, romlebSic aqtiu-

rad monawileobdnen arasamTavrobo da samTavrobo

organizaciebi. SemiZlia, Tamamad vTqva, rom aq

namdvilad didi SesaZleblobebi gamovlinda da maTi

gamoyeneba momavlis saqmea.

radgan saqarTvelo mdidaria Tesleulisa da mar-

cvlovani kulturebis mravalsaxeobiT, Sesabamisad

didia interesic saqarTvelos Tavisufal zonad

gamocxadebisa;

imedi maqvs, rom miiRebT swor gadawyvetilebas

da moxaruli viqnebi, Sevityo sasiamovno siaxle-

qveynis zogierTi nawilis Tavisufal zonad ga-

mocxadebisa da qveynis kanonmdeblobaSi Sesa-

ferisi cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb.

moxaruli var, rom eqspertad momiwvieT da saSualeba meZleva

warmogidginoT genmodificirebuli organizmebiis Sesaxeb 17

organizaciis saerTaSoriso erToblivi advokatirebis proeqti.

mimaCnia, rom èlkana~ aris erT-erTi is iSviaTi organizacia,

romelsac xalxis dasaxmareblad Serwymuli aqvs Tavisi saqmianobis

ori aspeqti: ubralo xalxisaTvis, fermerebisaTvis Tanadgomis

gaweva da marTebuli politikuri orientirebis moniSvna.

vfiqrob, am periodis istoriisTvis mniSvnelovania, rom

saqarTvelo gzas uketavs genmodificirebul organizmebs da Cemi

valdebulebaa, èlkanasTan~ erTad CaverTo am procesSi. Cemi

azriT, Catarebul seminarze aSkarad dadasturda, rom aseve

fiqroben rogorc samTavrobo organizaciebis, aseve saTanado

kvleviTi institutebis warmomadgenlebi, rac uaRresad mniSvne-

lovania.

biomeurne 2 (13) 20061212


EED, germania

gerlind melsbaxi

me vfiqrob, rom organuli meurneoba metad

mniSvnelovania rogorc mTel msoflioSi, aseve sa-

qarTveloSi. saqarTveloSi me vnaxe adamianebi, rom-

lebisTvisac naturaluri produqti metad Rirebulia,

Tumca isini verc acnobiereben, Tu realurad ra

safrTxe emuqreba naturalur produqts. axla TqvenTan

siRaribis gamo iseTi situaciaa, rom ar aris

saSualebebi sinTezuri sasuqebis SesaZenad, magram

roca ganviTarebis programebi Semova, ganviTardeba

iseTi warmoeba, romelic sruliadac ar iqneba organ-

uli. swored maSin unda iyos daculi tradiciuli sax-

eobebi da potenciali. es metad didi saqmea da mas

safuZvels uyrian Tqveni fermeruli organizaciebi.

Cemze didi STabeWdileba moaxdina am nakveTma da

muSaobam, romelic aq gauweviaT saxeobebis

Sesagroveblad. es magaliTi unda iyos bevri sxva

regionisaTvis, rom maT igive gaakeTon.

rac Seexeba organuli soflis meurneobis perspe-

qtivebs saqarTveloSi, kerZod, me vfiqrob, rom es

aris kargi momavali adgilobrivi bazrebisTvisac,

radgan saqarTveloSi, adamianebi bunebriv sakvebs

aniWeben upiratesobas. agreTve, me sakmaod gamao-

ca, rom saqarTveloSi, agreTve, somxeTsa da

azerbaijanSi yofila Zalian bevri tradiciuli

gadamuSavebuli produqti, romelsac adgilobrivi kul-

turebidan amzadeben. maTi gemovnuri Tvisebebi

namdvilad gansxvavdeba im produqtebis, maT Soris

organuli produqtebis gemovnuri Tvisebebisgan,

romlebsac dasavleT evropis qveynebSi moixmaren.

ase rom, didi potenciali arsebobs. saWiroa misi

SenarCuneba da ganviTareba. Cemi azriT, es ar aris

moklevadiani proeqti, aramed saSualovadiania da 10-

15 weliwadi realurad kargi vadaa mwarmoeblebisTvi-

sac da momxmareblebisTvisac.



1313

saqarTvelos parlamenti

zurab gegeWkori

raSi mdgomareobs Cemi aq yofnis misia: daiwyo

genmodificirebuli organizmebis warmoeba da albaT

garkveul wreebs surT, rom saqarTveloSic am me-

TodiT moyvanili Tesli, produqcia gavrceldes. es

Seicavs did saSiSroebas, miT umetes iseTi biom-

ravalferovnebis mqone qveynisaTvis, rogoric saqar-

Tveloa. jerjerobiT msoflio ar aris darwmunebuli,

rom es genmodificirebuli organizmebi ara marto

adamianze, aramed mTlianad ekosistemaze mavne gav-

lenas axdens da saSiSroeba Zalze didia - genmodi-

ficirebuli organizmebi ufro Zlieria vidre bune-

baSi arsebuli bunebrivi organizmebi da isini gada-

faraven anu Seicvleba mTlianad saqarTvelos eko-

sistema Tavisi floriT da fauniT, sameurneo kul-

turebiT, romlebic arsebobs saqarTveloSi da maT

Soris Zalian bevri endemuria. amitom, roca Semo-

vida parlamentSi kartaxenis oqmi ratificirebisaT-

vis, es Zalze sapasuxismgeblo momentia, radganac

es oqmi swored biomravalferovnebis dacvisTvisac

aris mowodebuli, magram genmodificirebul orga-

nizmsac uSvebs da aqvs keTilSobiluri foni -

msoflioSi naxevari mosaxleoba SimSilobs da ami-

tom es xelovnurad gamoyvanili uxvmosavliani pro-

duqti, mcenareebi da cxovelebi unda gavrceldes.

magram saqarTvelo imxela araa, rom monawileoba

miiRos msoflio sasursaTo programaSi, gaitanos

didi odenobis produqcia msoflio bazarze da

gauZlos konkurencias. magram Cven varT is qveyana,

romelsac SeuZlia ekologiurad sufTa produqciis

warmoeba, bavSvTa kvebis programaSi CarTva da sxv.

da ai, amiT SegviZlia SevideT msoflio bazarze. ai,

aq ukve ikveTeba èlkanas~ roli, romelic yovelgvari

qimiuri, xelovnuri elementebis gareSe cdilobs

moiyvanos produqti, aRadginos is Zveli endemuri

kulturebi da ganaaxlos asortimenti mxolod da

mxolod biologiur sawyisebze. es ori Tema kargad

gadaikveTa am or dReSic, guSin vsaubrobdiT, ramde-

nad saSiSia ekosistemisaTvis genmodificirebuli

organizmebi da dRes kidev meore ukiduresobas

gavecaniT - biomeTodebiT moyvanili produqcia

aris saqarTvelos momavali; es aris saqarTvelos

msoflio bazarze CarTvis saSualeba, imitom rom

msoflios naxevari SimSilobso, magram naxevari

piriqiT eZebs imas, rac ukeTesi iqneba, rom

gaixangrZlivos cxovreba. ai, amaSi unda gamo-

viCinoT Tavi, esaa Cveni, rogorc eqsportioris,

potencia da ara is genmodificirebuli organizmebi,

romlebic aravis ar unda. amitom aris msoflioSi

etiketireba aucilebeli. produqcias unda daeweros,

rom aris genmodificirebuli da is eRireba gaci-

lebiT iafi, vidre, magaliTad, èlkanas~ fermerebis

mier moyvanili sufTa produqcia. Cven msoflio

savaWro organizaciis wevri varT. Tu Cven dacviTi

kanoni ar miviReT, romelsac, sxvaTa Soris, advilad

ar migaRebineben, maSin iqnebi Tavisufali poligo-

ni, visac ra unda, imas Semoitans. es Tematika saka-

nonmdeblo kuTxiT unda momzaddes da ganviTardes.

Cemi mizania, rom Zalian Rrmad Sevimecno, ra xdeba,

rogor xdeba da rogor unda Camoyalibdes yvelaferi

es. es aris Cemi patara funqcia parlamentSi da

minda, dro amas movaxmaro. ai, am azrebis Camoya-

libebaSi mexmareba es Sexvedrebi.

biomeurne 2 (13) 20061414


dResdReobiT saqarTvelosaTvis Zalian mniSvne-

lovania, rom evropis bazarze moxvdes qarTuli

produqcia. amisaTvis saWiroa saqarTveloSi maqsi-

malurad didi yuradReba mieqces ekoproduqciis war-

moebas, romelic SeiZleba iqnes gatanili evropis

bazarze, rogorc niS-produqti. saamisod arsebobs

moTxovna evropis bazarze. Tuki Cven SevZlebT,

rom qarTuli produqcia iyos sertificirebuli da es

sertifikati daadasturebs, rom produqcia aris

ekologiuri, SesaZlebeli iqneba, vifiqroT eqs-

portze evropaSi, amerikaSi da iaponiaSic ki.

saamiso precendenti arsebobs: Cven ramdenimejer

miviReT monawileoba germaniaSi gamarTul

msoflio gamofenaze, romelic yovelwliurad

Tebervlis TveSi imarTeba qalaq niurnbergSi. iq

warmodgenilia msoflios mraval qveyanaSi warmoe-

buli bioproduqti. Cven warmovadgineT qarTuli

produqcia: qarTuli Rvino, Tafli, Ciri, Txili da

sxv. am produqtebma didi mowoneba daimsaxura.

gaCnda interesi am produqtebis mimarT da

vfiqrobT, rom es aris Sansi saqarTvelosTvis

evropis bazarze gasvlisa. am yvelafers minda

daukavSiro erTi faqti, rac Zalian mniSvnelovania

organuli produqciis warmoebaSi. es aris genmodi-

ficirebuli produqciis sakiTxi. saqarTveli patara

qveyanaa, Tumca Zalian mdidari kulturuli memkvid-

reoba mogvepoveba. amitom Zalian mniSvnelovania

saqarTveloSi Sesabamisi kanoni iqnes miRebuli

gemnmodificirebuli organizmebis Sesaxeb, rac

saSualebas mogvcems, rom es procesi iqnes dareg-

ulirebuli, raTa ar moxdes saqarTveloSi genmodi-

ficirebuli produqciis Semotana da gavrceleba

rogorc gasamravleblad, aseve gasayid qselSi. am

mimarTulebiT Cven garkveulwilad vmuSaobT da

aseTi kanoni ukve momzadebulia da mimdinareobs

muSaoba mis dasaxvewad. am kanonis damtkicebiT

saqarTvelos Tavs daicavs genmodificirebuli pro-

duqtis ukontrolo Semotanisa da gavrcelebisagan.

Cven vimyofebiT agrobiomravalferovnebis

nakveTze, romelic datvirTulia Zveli qarTuli

kulturebiT, esenia: ospi, cercvi, culispira, seli,

xorblis endemuri jiSebi - dika, wiTeli doli da

kidev sxva Zveli qarTuli kulturebi, romlebic adre

gamoiyeneboda da dResdReobiT gadaSenebis pi-

rasaa misuli. Cven unda gaviTavisoT da unda aR-

vadginoT es kulturebi da SevZloT maTi gamoyene-

ba, rogorc amas akeTebdnen tradiciulad. zemoT

Sevexe evropis bazarze moxvedras, minda aRv-

niSno is faqtic, rom Tu CvenTan gavrceldeba gen-

modificirebuli produqcia, Cven davkargavT

SesaZleblobas, movxvdeT evropis bazarze, rad-

ganac evropaSi isedac didi raodenobiT aris

Cveulebrivi konvenciuri produqti, xolo Tu Cven

SevZlebT aRvadginoT da SevinarCunoT es kultu-

ruli memkvidreoba, es mogvcems saSualebas, rom

vifiqroT ara marto Sida bazris ganviTarebaze,

aramed gare bazarze moxvedrazec.

èlkanas~ programis menejeri

Tamaz dundua

interviuebi moamzades:

Tea cxadaiam

Tamuna didiZem

zaza kilasoniam



1515

2006 wlis 8-13 agvistos daba bakurianSi

Catarda seminari èlkanas~ TanamSromlebi-

saTvis - `samwliani strate-

giuli gegmis ganxilva~.

2006 wlis 1 seqtembridan èlkana~ axali

startegiuli gegmiT iwyebs muSaobas da

seminaris mizani iyo am gegmis

TanamSromlebisTvis gacnoba da erToblivi

ganxilva. amasTan, èlkanas~ samrCevlo

samsaxuris reorganizaciasTan

dakavSirebiT, dRis wesrigSi dadga am sam-

saxuris samuSao koncefciis SemuSavebis

sakiTxi, rac agreTve seminaris erT-erTi

amocana iyo. dabolos, axali strategiuli

gegmis efeqturi ganxorcielebisaTvis

aucilebelia samsaxurebs Soris

TanamSromlobis gaumjobeseba, rac semi-

narze ganxiluli erT-erTi sakiTxi iyo.

s e m i n a r i

b a k u r i a n S i

samwliani strategiuli

gegmis ganxilva

biomeurne 2 (13) 20061616


sanam kvici

gaixednebodes...

Cveni Jurnalis bolo nomerSi

(`biomeurne~, 1 (12), 2006) ukve

gesaubreT cxenis SeZenis

zogierT ZiriTad principze da

girCieT, rom meurne kacisTvis

umjobesia zrdadamTavrebuli

pirutyvis yidva. magram

cxovrebaSi yovelTvis ase rodi

xdeba. SeiZleba TqvenTvis,

sxvadasxva garemoebis gamo,

ufro xelsayreli iyos dedas

asxletili (6-8 Tvis asakidan or

wlamde) kvicis yidva an sulac

Sin gyavT faSati, romelmac kvi-

cis mogebiT gagaxaraT...

patronis amocanaa kvicis ise gamozrda, rom igi 2-

3 wlis asakisTvis fizikuradac kargad iyos

ganviTarebuli da fsiqikuradac; swori aRzrdis, mopyro-

bis wyalobiT Tvinier, mSvid, adamianis damjere arse-

bad Camoyalibdes da mzad iyos gasaxednad.

gaxednis wina stadia kvicis gamoqnaa. es terminebi

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva mxareSi gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobiT

ixmareba, qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis Tanaxmad

isini erT azrsac gamoxataven, magram araferi gviSlis xels,

am konkretuli ambisaTvis Cvens mier SemoTavazebuli

SinaarsiT gamoviyenoT. gamoqna - mozardi pirutyvis gasaxed-

nad Semzadebaa; gaxedna - cxenis Sesajdomad an Sesabmelad

gawvrTna, xaris uRelSi Sebma da muSaoba.

rodis iwyeba kvicis gamoqna? viwro mniSvnelobiT

(avSarisa da aRviris asxma, floqvebis damuSaveba, unagiris

dadgma da sxv.) mas Semdeg, rac kvics dedas, ZuZus asxleten,

ZiriTadad, 6-8 Tvis asakis Semdeg, magram amas win uZRvis

gamoqnis sawyisi etapi - kvicis SeCveva, daurveba, daxelisave-

ba. es ki dabadebidanve iwyeba. qorfa kvici (`gerge~ - sulx-

an-saba orbelianis ganmartebiT) maSinve grZnobs adamianis

zrunvas, or-sam dReSi ukve xviviliT egebeba patrons. mxolod

unda gvaxsovdes - cxeni uaRresad impulsuri, mgrZnobiare

cxovelia, amitom Zalze frTxilad unda movepyraT, rogorc

simkacris gamoCenis, ise dayvavebis dros. ùnda mxedari kaci

mulaimi da extibariani iyos, ragind kvicma awyeninos da gaa-

javros, unda dauTmos, nebierad da wynarad daamSvidos~, -

weria didi qarTveli mwignobari mefis vaxtang VI-is redaqciiT

- berZnuli, arabuli, sparsuli wyaroebis gamoyenebiT -

Sedgenil qarTul `cxenis karabadinSi~. èxtibariani~ aq

xaTrians, gulisxmiers niSnavs, `mulaimi~, rogorc megobarma

arabistma amixsna, `mcodnes~ ukavSirdeba.

marTlac, cxenis xasiaTi patarobidanve yalibdeba; adamian-

is uxeSobam, uazro simkacrem SeiZleba, samudamod daumaxin-

jos xasiaTi kvics: gaxados undobi, oCani, veragi, avi. arada,

Tvinier cxenTan urTierToba, muSaoba uaRresad sasiamovno

procesia ara marto sportsmeni an dalxinebuli moyvaruli

cxenosnisTvis, aramed mZime soflur jafas SeWidebuli

meurnisTvisac. da ara marto erTi kacisTvis - mTel ojaxSi,

gansakuTrebiT bavSvebSi, am gamrje, keTili cxovelis

nodar ebraliZe



1717

aRmzrdelobiTi madli trialebs, xolo cudi znis

cxenTan yofna gamabezrebeli da usiamovnoa, xSirad

saSiSic ki aris.

kvicis normaluri gamoqnis sawyis etapze didi

mniSvneloba aqvs wmendas. saerTod cxenis higiena

misi ganviTarebisa da janmrTelobis erT-erTi

arsebiTi momentia. wmendis ZiriTadi iaraRebia

samurveli da jagrisi. maT aucileblad unda mivaxmaroT

(miT umetes axalgazrda cxenisa da kvicis daurvebisas)

magrad dagrexili Tivis an namjis bRuja, e.w. `CaliCi~.

ra asakidan SeiZleba kvicis wmendis dawyeba? spe-

cialistebi gvirCeven, 1-2 Tvis asakidano; magram wmen-

das rom mieCvios, dabadebidan ramdenime dRis Semdeg,

deda faSatis wmendis dros, kviciskenac unda gava-

paroT jagrisiani an `CaliCiani~ xeli. pirvelad igi

frTxeba, xtis, gagvirbis. cxadia, igulisxmeba, rom

TavlaSi Sedis kaci, romelsac miCveulia da endoba

deda, xolo dedis simSvide Svilsac aSoSminebs. asec

aris. erTi Tvis kvici ukve savsebiT `damoukideblad~,

mSvidad, siamovnebiT awmendinebs patrons tans,

Tvalebis amowmendasac hguobs (amisaTvis sufTa

tiloc unda ekidos sadgomis karebze).

sistematuri wmenda ara marto janmrTelobis pi-

robaa, igi mozardis zrdas, sxeulis nakvTebis srul-

fasovan ganviTarebas, nervuli sistemis gawonaswore-

bas uwyobs xels. rodesac kvici patrons mieCveva,

gauSinaurdeba, ukve unda vcadoT fexebis daTvalie-

reba, muxlSi moxra, floqvebis gasufTaveba, risTvisac

TavlaSi unda gqondeT xis an rkinis blagvi kakvi,

Woposani (`raSpili~) - floqvis lanCis gamosawmendad

da kideebis momtvreuli, atkecili rqis mosasworeblad.

umjobesia, Tu am saqmianobas mSvidad Caatarebs nal-

bandobis Cvevebis mqone kaci, raTa kvici Tavidanve

ar daSindes da fsiqikurad momzadebuli Sexvdes

sameurneo cxovrebaSi iseT rTul da mniSvnelovan

process, rogoricaa cxenis daWedva.

SeiZleba asxletamde dedis gverdiTve mivaCvioT

kvici avSaris asxmasac. esec moTminebiT, dayvavebiT

unda gakeTdes da ara uxeSi ZaldatanebiT. avSaras rom

mieCveva, mainc unda veridoT kvicis mokled, magrad

dabmas, miSartvas (wmendis an floqvebis damuSa-

vebisas), radgan dafrTxobis, urCobis dros SeiZleba,

cxovelma mZime travma miiRos.

gamoqnis adreul da Semdgom etapebze aucilebelia

kvicis waxaliseba sasusnaviT - gamodgeba Saqris

kvnitic an puris natexi (mWadsac ar daiwunebs), stafi-

lo, vaSli, Tqven warmoidgineT leRvsac mSvenivrad

geaxlebaT, sazamTrosac (ise xelidan am nugbaris

miRebasac miCveva sWirdeba). ukeTesia, kvicma

igrZnos, rom amiT saqciels uwoneben; da, kidev gavi-

meoreb, mTavaria moTmineba, gulisxmiereba. ra Tqma

unda, aucilebelia datuqsvac, zomieri simkacre, zogjer

dasjac (kampis gakvris, wixlis moqnevis dros). mxo-

lod sasjeli maSinve unda mohyves danaSaulis

Cadenas. kvicebs memkvidreobiT, aRzrdiT gan-

sxvavebuli xasiaTi aqvT. maT Soris arian

onavrebi, jibrianebi, agresiulebi - saWiroa,

Cveni neba davupirispiroT maT Tavnebobas,

magram es unda xdebodes mSvidad, yovel kon-

kretul danaSaulze reagirebiT. kvici da, saer-

Tod, cxeni arasdros dasajoT sibrazisgan

wonasworobadakargulma, gaavebulma (miT ume-

tes - zarxoSad myofma), radgan amiT mxolod

wuTier brZolas mougebT pirutyvs, zne ki,

SeiZleba samudamod gaufuWoT.

praqtikaSi xSiria, rodesac gamoucdel

meurnes `damxmared~ moevlineba iseTi kaci,

romelsac cxenTan muSaobis raRaca gamocdile-

biomeurne 2 (13) 20061818


ba aqvs, magram aklia codna, gu-

lisxmiereba. aseTi `Semwe~ pirutyv-

Tan urTierTobaSi sakuTar cxenos-

nur ìmijs~ ufrTxildeba, vidre piru-

tyvis momavals. ùnda gaigos, rom

adamiani masze Zlieria~ - dahyviris

igi akankalebul, damfrTxal ZuZuTa

kvics da ar anaRvlebs, rom misi me-

zobluri, xanmokle daxmarebis Se-

degad meurnes TavlaSi kbenia,

mwixlavi, mfrTxali saferxe gaezrde-

ba da ara erTguli, mSvidi da ke-

Tilzniani cxoveli, romelsac sul

sxva gziT Caunerges adamianis prima-

tis Segneba.

Cven aq vsaubrobT iseT meur-

neobebze, sadac erTi-ori cxeni da

kvici hyavT. cxadia, sxvaa jogis

kvicebTan muSaoba, iq aseTi yo-

veldRiuri wmenda, urTierToba SeuZ-

lebelia da arc aris aucilebeli.

oRond gamoqnis zemoT ganxiluli

elementebis TndaTanobiT danergva

iqac saWiroa, xolo ufro aqtiuri ur-

TierToba kvicebis da dedebis

daSorebis (asxletis) Semdeg iwyeba.

rodis unda avsxlitoT kvici?

cxensaSenebSi, fermebSi, sadac

cxenebis gamozrdis bevrad ukeTesi

pirobebi aqvT, es procesi 6-8 Tvis

asakidan iwyeba. èrTcxeniani~ meur-

nisTvis es problema ufro Zneli

mosagvarebelia da damokidebulia sa-

Tavsis, gasadevaris pirobebze, amit-

om xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac

kvici erT wlamde da met xansac das-

devs dedas. Tumca, am drosac ar unda

dagvaviwydes mis gamoqnaze zrunva.

iq, sadac dedebs Tiva-balaxTan erTad

Svrias (qers, siminds) aWmeven, es

sakvebi 2-3 Tvis Semdeg kvicmac unda miiRos

(umjobesia daroSil-daRerRili). mas calke

bagasac ukeTeben. adgilobrivi jiSis cxenebis

Senaxvisas, rodesac ZiriTadi sakvebi Tiva da

balaxia, agreTve fermebsa da cxensaSenebSi,

sadac dedebisa da kvicebisaTvis calke

nakveTebia gamoyofili, kvici pirveli kviri-

danve iwyebs saZovarze balaxis wiwknas.

mxolod unda veridoT uxarisxo, obiani,

Caxurebuli, axalgaTibuli Tivis micemas,

Waobian saZovrebs. saZovarze yofna, TviT

Zovebis procesi, damatebiTi kvebis garda,

kvicisTvis SesaniSnavi fizikuri varjiSia. swored maSin

uviTardeba mas kiseri, kidurebi, magram kveba calke sakiTxia da

amiT davkmayofildeT. Tu kvici muSaobisas dedis gverdzea, unda

vizrunoT mis usafrTxoebaze, gansakuTrebiT sameurneo meqanizme-

bis siaxloves, vecadoT, kvicma oflian dedas ar moswovos ZuZu

(es cudad moqmedebs kuW-nawlavis sistemaze). niadag unda

gvaxsovdes, rom aqac zrunvaa saWiro. yvela SemTxveva gamoviyenoT

kvicis fizikuri da fsiqikuri momzadebisTvis iseTi

mniSvnelovani etapis win, rogoric aris gaxedna.

sanam kvici

gaixednebodes...



1919

organizacis mTavari mizania sazogadoebis mobi-

lizeba, rwmenis Camoyalibeba da saerTo problemebis

mosagvareblad sakuTari resursebis gamoyeneba.

gansakuTrebiT aRniSvnis Rirsia nukrianis qalebis

erTianoba da mizanmimarTuleba. marTalia, saTemo

organizacia soflad arsebuli problemebis mogvare-

baze muSaobs, magram qalebis aqtiuroba da enTuziazmi

rom ara, saeWvoa organizacias warmatebebisTvis mi-

eRwia.

warmatebebi ki udavod aqvT. mokled gagacnobT am

organizaciis aqtiuri monawileobiT ganxorcielebul

saqmianobas:

- soflis gazificireba. am proeqtze dawvrilebiT

ar SevCerdebi (Jurnalis wina nomrebSi am proe-

qtze dawvrilebiT visaubreT!), aRvniSnav mxolod

imas, rom soflis gazificirebis warmatebiT

ganxorcielebam erTgvari stimuli misca soflis

mosaxleobas da soflis wyalmomaragebis mogvare-

baze daiwyes fiqri.

- soflis wyalmomaragebis sistemis aRdgena.

sofels wyali ara aqvs da mosaxleoba (gansa-

sazogadoebis winsvlasa da ganviTarebas

sazogadoebis wevrebis, adamianebis codna da

unar-Cvevebi gansazRvravs. sakuTari da

irgvliv myofi adamianebis Zalebisa da

SesaZleblobebis rwmena, aqtiuri qmedeba da ara

pasiuri lodini imisa, rom viRaca Sens

magivrad moagvarebs problemebs, Segneba

imisa, rom mTavroba Tu saxelmwifo ver

SeZlebs, yvela adamiani erTanirad uzrunvelyos

biniT, samsaxuriT da sxv. - ai, is pozicia,

xels uwyobs aRmSeneblobis process...

aRmSenebloba problemis gaazrebiT, miznis

dasaxviTa da SesaZleblobebis SefasebiT

iwyeba. martokaci WamaSiac braliao da am yve-

lafers erTi adamiani ver moereva. aucilebe-

lia Tanamoazreebis moZieba, gaerTianeba,

erTiani xedvisa da rwmenis SemuSaveba...

aseT erTobad gvevlineba saTemo organiza-

cia. Temi saerTo niSniT (interesebi, proble-

mebi, perspeqtivebi da sxv.) gaerTianebul

adamianTa erTobaa, saTemo organizacia ki

aseTi gaerTianebis organizaciuli formaa.

dRes saqarTveloSic, rogorc qalaqSi, ise

soflad, arsebobs saTemo organizaciebi. am

mcire statiaSi erT-erTi aseTi organizacia

minda gagacnoT - siRnaRis raionis sofel

nukrianSi funqcionirebs saTemo organizacia

`nukriani~.

...dRes iseTi nergi darge,

rom xvalema madlobiT sTqvas:

nanergiTa SeniT marge...

ilia WavWavaZe

saTemo mobilizebisa da soflis ganviTarebis samsaxuris

xelmZRvaneli

daTo doliZe

saTemo organizacia

`nukriani~

biomeurne 2 (13) 20062020


kuTrebiT, qalebi da bavSvebi) welSi

arian gawyvetili sakmaod Sori

manZilidan wylis zidviT. amJamad

saTemo organizaciis koordinaciiT

mimdinareobs wylis sistemis rebil-

itaciis programa.

unda iTqvas, rom soflis aqtivistebi,

romlebic zemoT CamoTvlil saqmianobebSi

gansakuTrebiT aqtiurad iyvnen Cabmuli,

swored qalebi warmoadgenen; organizaciis

wevrebic ZiriTadad qalebi arian, romel-

Tac garkveuli momzadeba da xelSewyoba

sWirdebaT, raTa ufro aqtiurad CaerTon

siRnaRis raionSi mimdinare ganviTarebis

procesebSi.

saTemo organizaciam SekiTxviT mimar-

Ta mosaxleobis garkveul jgufs, qalTa ra

tipis dasaqmebis proeqts dauWerdnen

mxars: samkervalos, saparikmaxeros Tu

sainformacio momsaxurebis centrs;

TiTqmis gamonaklisis gareSe yvelam sain-

formacio momsaxurebis centri airCia,

ramdenadac am sakiTxebisTvis (faqsi, qse-

roqsi, saqalaqTaSoriso telefoni da sxv.)

maT siRnaRSi an, uares SemTxvevaSi,

wnorSi uwevT siaruli. organizacia amJa-

mad fiqrobs sainformacio centris

Seqmnaze. gadadgmulia pirveli nabijebic -

`kavkasiuri saxlisa~ da èlkanas~ xel-

SewyobiT sainformacio centrs aqvs tele-

fon-faqsi, kompiuteri, romelic CarTulia

internetSic.

saTemo organizacia `nukrianis~ qalTa

jgufis monawileobiT ganxorcielda metad

saintereso da lamazi proeqti: sazafxu-

lo skola-banaki. proeqtis farglebSi

Tbilisidan nukrianSi Caiyvanes socialu-

rad daucveli ojaxebis bavSvebi (eTnikuri

umciresobis warmomadgenlebi). bavSvebi

cxovrobdnen organizaciis wevr qalebTan

da gadiodnen swavlebas nukrianis skolaSi.

maTTvis SemuSavda specialuri programa,

romelic iTvaliswinebda Semdegi sagnebis

swavlebas: qarTuli ena, kavkasiologia,

xatva, Wadraki da sxv. aqtiurad muSaobda

dramwrec, romelSic gansakuTrebiT

xalisiT monawileobdnen bavSvebi. aqve

unda iTqvas, rom proeqti iTvaliswinebda

adgilobrivi bavSvebis CarTvasac - aqtiuri

komunikacia sasargeblo iyo rogorc

sofleli, ise qalaqeli bavSvebisTvis

(Tbilisidan Cayvanili bavSvebis nawils

sofeli ar enaxa!). proeqtSi CarTuli adg-

ilobrivi mosaxleobis didi umravlesoba

swored qalebi iyvnen...

j. sviftis erT-erTi personaJi ambobs: ,,is, vinc SeZlebs

moiyvanos ori TavTavi da ori balaxis Rero iq, sadac man-

amde xarobda mxolod erTi TavTavi da erTi balaxis Rero,

kacobriobis madls daimsaxurebs". erTis adgilze ori

TavTavis moyvanas ki didi Zalisxmeva sWirdeba, gan-

sakuTrebiT qarTul sinamdvileSi, sadac mZime socialuri da

ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gamo soflebs dacla emuqreba.

Tumca sofeli nukriani bednieri gamonaklisia - aq muSaoben

principiT - ,,sanam produqts SevqmnideT, Cven jer adami-

anebs vqmniT".

axali adamianisa da cxovrebis normaluri pirobebis

Seqmnis survilma moiyvana es qalbatonebi saTemo

organizaciaSi - bevris Seswavlac mouwiaT da fiqroben,

Tavidan aaSenon tradicia da cxovrebis wesi. amboben, qalma

Tu gaiwia, cxra uReli xar-kameCi ver daakavebso... karg

saqmeSi RmerTma xeli moumarTos nukrianelebs.



2121

amokrebilia èlkanas~ saTemo mobilizebisa da

soflis ganviTarebis samsaxuris soflebSi

muSaobis dros

ojaxuri sarecxi saponi

1 kg kaustikuri soda (kristalebi)

7 kg msuqani Roris xorcis narCenebi

60-70 l wyali

vWriT xorcs wvril naWrebad, sodasTan erTad vaTavsebT Tujis qvabSi, vasxamT wyals da vdgamT cecxlze,

Seusveneblad vurevT aduRebamde, Semdeg vwyvetT morevas da vagrZelebT nel cecxlze duRils. rodesac nare-

vi masa siblantiT Taflismagvari gaxdeba, gadmovdgamT da vasxamT kalapotSi, rodesac gacivdeba, davWraT

zomebad da gavaxmboT CrdilSi, gacilebiT ukeT recxavs, vidre qarxnuli warmoebis saponi.

dmanisis raioni, sofeli javaxi

xalxuri

receptebi

limonaTis esencia

3 kg limoni gavTaloT mWreli daniT ise, rom rac SeiZleba naklebi cedra gahyves,

davfaroT qerqi 96%-iani spirtiT da gavaCeroT minimum 15 dRe, Semdeg gadmovwuroT, kans

gavavloT cota cxeli wyali, raTa rac SeiZleba naklebi spirti gahyves. miRebul spirts

gavurioT cxel wyalSi Cayrili filtris qaRaldis nakuwebi da gavfiltroT maudis an flanelis

naWriT ramdenjerme, sanam wveni kriala ar gaxdeba. 200 boTl 0.5 l limonaTs sWirdeba 0.6

l esencia.

ozurgeTis raioni, sofeli makvaneTi

sulgunis damzadeba

axal amoyvanil yvels vdebT umarilod da vacliT amosvlas, e. i. sanam nasvretebi

gauCndeba, Semdeg najer marilwyals (kvercxi unda tivtivebdes Sig) vdgamT cecxlze, roca

gacxeldeba, masSi vyriT Txlad daWril yvelis naWrebs da vurevT joxiT, sasulgune masa

kargad rom gaiweleba da daiZafeba, gadmovwuravT da vaZlevT yvelis formas

senakis raioni, sofeli Sxefi

Roris xorcis Senaxva fSaurad

Zvlebgamoclil xorcs mWidrod Caawyobdnen qilaSi, daxuravdnen hermetulad da flavdnen

miwaSi, xorci inaxeboda 2 Tve. an qvabSi Cawyobil Zvlebgaclils xorcs daxuravdnen

mWidrod, inaxavdnen gril adgilze da fuTavdnen WinWriT, orive SemTxvevaSi aucilebeli

piroba hermetuloba iyo. xorci meore SemTxvevSi ufro ukeT inaxeboda

sagarejos raioni, sofeli askilauri

aleko baRdaZe

biomeurne 2 (13) 20062222


vaSingtonis Statis univesitetis

samrCevlo samsaxuri aerTianebs kerZo

pirebs (mag., fermerebs), soflis

Temebsa da sxvadasxva oranizaciebs

maTi ganaTlebis, ekonomikuri mdgomare-

obisa da cxovrebis xarisxis gaumjobese-

bis mizniT, ganaTlebis danergviTa da

samecniero kvlevebis Sedegebis

gamoyenebiT. es samsaxuri daarsda 1912

wels da misi devizi, romelic dRemde

ucvleli rCeba, aris Semdegi: "davexmaroT

fermerebs, raTa fermerebi daexmaron

TavianT Tavs".

vaSingtonis StatSi, da zogadad

amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, samrCevlo

samsaxurebi warmoadgenen federaluri,

Statisa da regionaluri saxelisuflo

organoebsa da kerZo donorebs Soris

TanamSromlobis unikalur sistemas, rom-

lis ZiriTad daniSnulebas warmoadgens

axlagazrdobis, saojaxo da saTemo

sakiTxebisa da agreTve garemos dacvisa

da soflis meurneobis Sesaxeb codnis

gavrceleba da zogadi ganaTlebis donis

amaRleba. samwuxarod, saqarTveloSi samr-

Cevlo samsaxurebs ZiriTadad donori

organizaciebi afinanseben da sax-

elmwifos roli am procesSi minimaluria,

Tuki saerTod arsebobs.

saqarTveloSi arsebuli samrCevlo sam-

saxurisagan gansxvavebiT, amerikuli

samrCevlo sistema imiT xasiaTdeba, rom

mas moepoveba momsaxurebis ufro

gafarToebuli areali, romelic mraval samecniero disciplinas

moicavs da ar aris SezRuduli mxolod soflis meurneobiTa da

garemos dacvis sakiTxebiT. amave dros unda aRiniSnos is, rom

samrCevlo sistemaSi CarTuli specialistebi iseT sxvadasxva

dargebSi arian dasaqmebuli, rogorebicaa, magaliTad, fsiqologia,

ekonomika da marketingi, sociologia da genderi, soflis meur-

neoba, ekologia da sxv.

Zalze mniSvnelovania samrCevlo samsaxuris Sesabamisobis

(relevanturobis) SenarCuneba da amisTvis mravalmxriv Seis-

wavleba da fasdeba arsebuli mdgomareoba rogorc mTlianad

Statis, aseve regionul doneze. moTxovnilebebs swavloben adg-

ilobrivi da Statis sakonsultacio sistemebis warmomadgenlebi

èlkanas~ samrCevlo samsaxurSi amJamad mimdinareobs

sakadro da funqcionaluri reorganizacia, rac am samsax-

uris efeqturobis amaRlebis aucileblobasTan aris

dakavSirebuli. reformebis Catareba moxdeba samsaxurSi

arsebuli problemis gaTvaliswinebiT da im ucxouri

gamocdilebis gamoyenebiT, romelic miviRe 2004_06

wlebSi vaSingtonis Statis universitetSi (aSS). amasTan

dakavSirebiT mindoda mokled gameziarebina am universis-

tetis fermerTa samrCevlo samsaxurSi SeZenili

gamocdileba da èlkanas~ samrCevlo samsaxuris funq-

cionirebis gaumjobesebis zogadi gegmac damesaxa.

èlkanas~ samCevlo samsaxuris

ganviTareba

samrCevlo samsaxuris xelmZRvaneli

sandro lolaZe

vaSingtonis Statis biomeurneobebSi Txebs iyeneben

sarevelebTan brZolisaTvis - ama Tu im kulturis daTesvamde

Txebs nakveTebSi uSveben, sadac isini sarevela balaxebs

Zoven.



2323

urebs fermerebi ar aRiqvamen raime usasyidlo an humanitaruli

datvirTvis mqone organizaciebad - maT mier ganxorcielebuli mom-

saxureba ZiriTadad dafuZnebulia fulad kapitalze, rasac

Sesabamisad mohyveba am samsaxurebis funqcionirebis xarisxis

maRali donisa da janmrTeli konkurentunarianobis SenarCuneba.

saqarTveloSi arsebuli samrCevlo samsaxurebisadmi, maT Soris

èlkanas~ samrCevlo samsaxuris mimarTac, fermerTa damokidebuleba

zustad sapirispiroa _ fermerebi aRiqvamen maT donorebad, rom-

lebic gascemen finansur daxmarebebs, an kidev - rogorc humani-

tarul organizaciebs, romlebsac evalebaT fermerebisaTvis usasyid-

lod sxvadasxva fizikuri daxmarebis gaweva. es yvelaferi, ra Tqma

unda, SeiZleba amave dros fermerTa mZime socialur-ekonomikuri

pirobebiTa da saqarTveloSi damou-

kidebeli fermeruli meurneobebis

arsebobis xanmokle istoriiT aixs-

nas.

èlkanas~ fermerebi ama Tu im

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT iniciativas

sakmaod sustad iCenen da isini

mrCevelebisagan moelian mza rCe-

vebs, romlebic SeiZleba sulac ar

iyos aqtualuri arsebuli probleme-

bis gadawyvetasTan mimarTebaSi.

Cemi azriT, aqamde èlkanas~ samr-

Cevlo samsaxuri fermerTa meur-

neobebSi arsebul problemebs saTa-

nado doneze ar swavlobda. mo-

mavalSi ki am problemis gadaWra

gaxdeba am samsaxuris erT-erTi prioritetuli mimarTuleba.

femrerTa problemebis identifikaciis Sedegad dadgindeba ama Tu

im problemis aqtualuroba da Semdeg ki, SemuSavdeba maTi gadaWris

da agreTve federaluri, Statisa da

regionuli saxelisuflebo organoebi.

amgvarad, saqarTveloSi arsebuli

samrCevlo samsaxurebisagan gansxva-

vebiT, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis

samrCevlo samsaxurebi agreTve

xasiaTdebian imiT, rom didi yurad-

Reba eqceva fermerTa Tu sasoflo

TemTa problemaTa mravalwaxnagovan

Seswavlas, rac, samwuxarod, saqarTve-

loSi ignorirebulia an Zalian sustad

aris ganviTarebuli.

unda aRiniSnos, rom bioproduqci-

aze moTxovnileba aSS_Si Zalze

didia. am produqciis warmoeba yovel-

wliurad izrdeba da ufro da ufro

didi popularobiT sargeblobs qveynis

mosaxleobaSi. amaSi, ra Tqma unda,

didi wvlili miuZRvis samrCevlo sam-

saxurebsac, romlebic did yuradrebas

aqceven sazogadoebasTan urTierTo-

bas da nergaven egredwodebul "saRi

kvebis" koncefcias. samwuxarod,

saqarTveloSi es tendenciebic amJamad

ar SeiniSneba an sustadaa Camoyalibe-

buli, rac agreTve migviTiTebs

samrCevlo samsaxurebis funqcionire-

bis sust ganviTarebaze da kvebis

xarisxis sferoSi saxlemwifo prior-

itetebis dabal maCveneblebze.

aRsaniSnavia, agreTve, fermerTa

damokidebuleba samrCevlo samsaxure-

bis mimarT: amerikis SeerTebul Sta-

tebSi samrCevlo samsaxurebs metwilad

fermerebi da fermerTa kooperative-

bis afinanseben da, aqedan ga-

momdinare, am samsaxurebs aqvT garkve-

uli finansuri valdebulebebi am dono-

rebis winaSe, anu samrCevlo samsax-

vaSingtonis Statis biofermebSi ekologiurad sufTa yurZnis moyvana

Zalzed popularulia. suraTze naCvenebia venaxis rigTaSorisebSi daTesili

sxvadasxva kulturebi, romlebsac sideratebis saxiT Caxnaven niadagis nay-

ofierebis asamaRleblad, amave dros es kulturebi niadagis eroziisgan

damcavi saSualebacaa.

vaSingtonis StatSi biologiur soflis meurneo-

basTan mimarTebaSi organuli nawarmis gasaRebis tem-

pebi yovelwliurad 20-30%_iT izrdeba da sul ufro

meti fermeruli meurneoba gadadis biologiur meur-

neobebis principebze dafuZnebul teqnologiebze.

vaSingtonis Statis universitetis samrCevlo samsax-

uri biologiuri soflis meurneobis seqtorsac did

yuradRebas uTmobs, rac agreTve xels uwyobs am seq-

toris swraf da mdgrad ganviTarebas da amave dros

momxmareblis moTxovnilebac kmayofildeba biopro-

duqciiT da xdeba garemo pirobebis ekologiuri

wonasworobis SenarCunebac.

biomeurne 2 (13) 20062424


gegmebi. amave dros SemuSavdeba samr-

Cevlo samsaxuris funqcionaluri gan-

viTarebis ramdenime strategia, romelic

xels Seuwyobs fermerTa Soris èlkanas~

ndobis faqtoris aRdgenas da gaZlierebas.

agreTve SemuSavdeba da Seicvleba

èlkanaSi~ fermerTa gawevrianebis da

maTi urTierTanamSrmlobis meTodebi, rac

saboloo jamSi gamoiwvevs fermerTa

gaaqtiurebas da maTgan iniciativis ufro

aqtiur gamovlenas. amave dros aqcentireba

gakeTdeba ara gawevrianebul fermerTa

raodenobis gazrdaze, aramed aqtiuri

fermerebisaTvis samrCevlo samsaxuris

xarisxis amaRlebaze. femrerebma agreTve

unda gaacnobieron, rom èlkanas~ in-

teresebSi Sedis nayofier da aqtiur fer-

merebTan TanamSromloba, TviT fermere-

bisTvisac xelsayrelia èlkanas~ samr-

Cevlo samsaxuris funqcionirebis xarisx-

is gaumjobeseba, rac SeiZleba miRweul

iqnes mxolod da mxolod produqtiuli urTierTTanamSrom-

lobisa da fermerTa moTxovnebis gazrdis gziT.

èlkanas~ fermerebma, agreTve, unda gaiTvaliswinon rom

èlkana~ ar warmoadgens donor organizacias. mis funqciaSi

Sedis mxolod da mxolod misi eqxpertebis meSveobiT

fermerebisaTvis konsultaciebis gaweva iseT sakiTxebSi,

rogoricaa, magaliTad, agronomia, mcenareTa dacva, biopro-

duqciis moyvanis dagegmva da Semdgom am produqciis gasa-

RebaSi xelis Sewyoba, da ase Semdeg.

erT_erTi axali komponenti, romelic unda daematos èlka-

nas~ samrCevlo samsaxuris movaleobebs, aris axali teqnolo-

giebis mecnieruli meTodebis gamoyenebis Seswavla da war-

matebuli aprobaciis Sem-

deg maTi danergva bio-

meurneobebSi. rogorc we-

si, samrCevlo samsaxurebi

pirvelad informacias Ca-

tarebuli kvleviTi samuSa-

oebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb

iReben samecniero orga-

nizaciebisagan da amis

Semdeg nergaven axal teq-

nologiebs fermerul meur-

neobebSi. saqarTveloSi

Seqmnili rTuli ekonomi-

kuri pirobebidan gamomd-

inare, zemoaRniSnuli sa-

soflo-sameurneo, miT

umetes biologiur soflis

meurneobis sakiTxebis,

kvleva amJamad Zalze da-

bal donezea ganviTarebu-

li. amasTan dakavSirebiT,

èlkanam~, Tavis fizikuri Tu finansuri

SesaZleblobebidan gamomdinare, TviTon

unda SeiTavsos es funqcia, rac moicavs

axali teqnologiebis aprobaciasa da dan-

ergvas. amisaTvis gamoyenebuli unda iyos

èlkanaSi~ gawevrianebuli fermerebis re-

sursebi; SeirCes survilis mqone fermerebi

da maTs mcire farTobebze gamoicados es

teqnologiebi yvela aRiarebuli samecniero

saerTaSoriso standartisa da meTodolo-

giis gaTvaliswinebiT.

dabolos, zogierT fermersa da sxva

pirebs Soris arsebobs mcdari

mosazreba, rom biomeurneobebis

ganviTareba da maTi produqtiu-

lobis gazrda SeuZlebelia sa-

qarTvelos pirobebSio. me am

azrs kategoriulad ar veTanxmebi

da gulwrfelad vfiqrob, rom

saqarTveloSi bioproduqtebis

warmoebas Zalze didi potenciali

moepoveba, rasac sWirdeba didi

Sroma da am saqmeSi èlkana~

mniSvnelovan wvlils aucileblad

Seitans Tavisi wevri fermerebis

daxmarebiTa da TanadgomiT.

vaSingtonis StatSis mTavari sasoflo-sameurneo kultura xorbalia.

biologiur meurneobebSi, urwyav zonaSi, xorblis marcvlis mosavliano-

ba aRwevs daaxloebiT 5-6 t/ha-s, xolo biologiuri xorblisgan gamom-

cxvari saSualo zomis puri ki 4-5 aSS dolari Rirs da masze didi

moTxovnilebacaa.

vaSingtonis Statis q. pulmanSi yovel

SbaT-kviras imarTeba bioproduqciis

bazroba



2525

temperaturis cvalebadobiT izrdeba nivTierebaTa cvlis

procesi da Sesabamisad iklebs produqciis xarisxi. amitom

temperatura rac SeiZleba dabla unda davwioT. Tanamedrove

macivar-danadgarebi uzrunvelyofen temperaturis cvalebadobas

+ 0.50C-iT.

Senaxva da dasawyobeba mxolod teqnikisa da xelsawyoebis

saSualebiT SeuZlebelia, Tuki mosavali Sesabamisi wesebis

dacviT ar aris aRebuli. mosavali unda aviRoT Tavis droze,

kargad unda damuSavdes da frTxilad unda dasawyobdes. jiSi,

simwifis xarisxi, amindi, niadagis sakvebi nivTierebebiT

uzrunvelyofa, amindi mosavlis aRebisas - es yvelaferi

ganapirobebs produqciis xarisxs da mis mdgradobas

Senaxvisadmi. unda gvaxsovdes, rom mxolod saRi produqti

unda davasawyoboT.

produqciis dasawyobebisaTvis ar aris aucilebeli

Tanamedrove macivar-danadgarebi, soflis pirobebSi SeiZleba

sxvadasxva saxis sawyobi movawyoT. SemogTavazebT ramden-

ime maTgans:

bostneulis qviSaSi dasawyobeba erTerTi tradiciuli da

moxerxebuli meTodia maTTvis, visac sardafi aqvs. igi auci-

leblad unda niavdebodes. zamTarSi temperatura 5-10 0C unda

SevinarCunoT. bostneuls qviSis 20 sm-iani fena unda farav-

des. masSi SeiZleba SevinaxoT kolrabi, TeTrTaviani kom-

bosto. qviSa odnav notio unda iyos. periodulad unda Seva-

mowmoT, raTa ar gamogveparos lpobis baqteriebis gaCena.

aseT sawyobSi SeiZleba Warxlisa da kar-

tofilis erTad Senaxva - qveviT Warxali, xo-

lo zevidan kartofili. am SemTxvevaSi War-

xali daculia zedmeti aeraciisagan, xolo kar-

tofili zedmet tens aclis Warxals. yinvebis

SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba damatebiT gadavafaroT

polieTileni an raime Tboizolatori.

dasawyobebis optimaluri pirobebi:

� TeTrTaviani kombosto, brokoli,

yvavilovani kombosto, stafilo,

Warxali, niori, xaxvi, kartofili,

boloki, Talgami:

+2 0C -dan +8 0C -mde, haeris teni-

anoba 90%;

� vaSli, msxali, yurZeni:

+3 0C -dan +5 0C -mde, haeris teni-

anoba 85-dan 92%-mde;

biomrCeveli

aleqsandre kurtaniZe

Semodgoma Wirnaxulis aRebisa da dabinavebis periodia. mTeli wlis

najafi wyalSi rom ar Caiyaros, aucilebelia misi droulad aReba da

sworad Senaxva... nayofi mokrefis Semdegac agrZelebs sicocxles;

masSi mimdinare cvlis procesebi mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens mis

rogorc garegan formaze, ise gemur Tvisebebze, rac saboloo jamSi

produqtis xarisxzec aisaxeba...

q v i S i s s a w y o b i

bostneulis Senaxva

xilisa da bostneulis

sacavebis mowyoba

biomeurne 2 (13) 20062626


erT-erTi Zveli da SedarebiT martivi meTodi aris "soroSi" Senaxva. aseT

sawyobSi gansakuTrebiT kargad inaxeba kombostosnairebi. unda SevinaxoT

mkvrivi Tavebi, gare or-ori foToli unda SevacaloT. amrigad gasufTavebuli

fesvebiani Tavebi ukuRma unda CavawyoT ormoSi ise, rom mxolod fesvebi

Candes. `soros~ ar unda Caudges wyali, anu qveda fena mas wyalgamtari unda

hqondes. yinvebis SemTxvevaSi unda davfaroT namjiT.

s o r o

rogorc wesi, kombostos Semdegnairad aStabeleben: pirvel rigSi unda

gamovacaloT Rero da fesvebi, gasufTavebuli Tavebi garecxil qviSaSi fene-

bad unda CavalagoT, SuaSi unda CavdgaT sadrenaJo mili, romlis orive bolo

daixureba da karg amindSi SeiZleba gavaRoT ganiavebis mizniT. am milis

meore daniSnuleba isaa, rom kombostos mier gamoyofili siTbo gamoidevnos.

am Stabelis safarvelia 30 sm sisqis namjis fenaze zevidan dayrili 10-sm-

iani miwis fena. safarveli kombostos -20oC yinvis drosac ki icavs.

d a S t a b e l e b a

ormos meSveobiT, romelic saxlTan axlos unda amoiTxaros, meurnes

SeuZlia Tavisi bostneuli gazafxulamde cocxlad Seinaxos. amisaTvis unda

SevarCioT mSrali da qvebisagan gawmendili adgili, xis CrdilSi an saxlis

CrdiloeT mxares. ormos siRrme da sigane unda iyos 70 sm, xolo sigrZe

damokidebulia, Tu ra raodenobis produqcia gvaqvs Sesanaxi. Tuki xangrZlivad

vapirebT Senaxvas, maSin ormos kedlebi unda amovagoT kramitiT an bunebri-

vi qviT (ar SeiZleba xis gamoyeneba). Casawyobad viyenebT plastmasis

yuTebs, romlebic erTmaneTis gverdiT da erTmaneTze SeiZleba davalagoT.

unda gaviTvaliswinoT ormos dacva wvimisgan.

garda amisa, SeiZleba sacavi ufro primitiuladac movawyoT: amisaTvis

sarecxi manqanis doli an betonis didi diametris mili unda CavflaT miwaSi

da yinvisagan dasacavad namja an Tiva davafaroT.

o r m o

sarecxi manqanis doli miwaSi

penoplastis izolaciiT



2727

2005 wlis Semodgomidan guriis regionSi funqcionirebs

èlkanas~ warmomadgenloba.

ofisSi muSaobs 3 mrCeveli: laSa Rlonti, jaba WeiSvili

da Tiniko TalakvaZe, romlebic sakonsultacio momsaxure-

bas uweven guriis regionis biomeurneebs.

" konsultacia biomeurneobis sferoSi

" biopreparatisa da Teslis SekveTa

" elkanas publikaciebis, sainformacio furclebis, instruqcie

bis da sxva nabeWdi masalis miReba

vaSli saRi, wvniani da gemrieli darCeba, Tuki minimumamde daviyvanT

vaSlidan wylis aorTqlebas, amisaTvis saWiroa sacavSi haeris tenianoba

iyos 75%-ze meti, optimaluria 92%, xolo temperatura +3+4oC. rogor

SeiZleba mivaRwioT amas?

upirveles yovlisa, sasurvelia, rom sardafs miwis iataki hqondes (soxa-

ne). iatakze da kedlebze saWiroa Tixis filebis dalageba. sawyobisTvis

saWiro sigrile SeiZleba SevinarCunoT Ramis saaTebSi ganiavebiT. garda

amisa, yuTebs gadavafaroT Txeli polieTileni, romelic wvrilad iqneba

daxvretili. aseT pirobebSi, sakmaod didxans SeiZleba SevinaxoT xili.

sisufTavisa da dezinfeqciisaTvis miwas (an Tixis filebs) Txlad

movayaroT kiri.

mcire Tanxis daxarjviT SeiZleba kargi miwuri sacavis mowyoba. misi

didi upuratesoba isaa, rom igi advili misadgomia da mkacri zamTris

SemTxvevaSic ki SegviZlia xilisa da bostneulis SenaxvisaTvis optima-

luri pirobebis uzrunvelyofa.

xilis Senaxva

bostneulis sacavi

y u r a d R e b a !

d a g v i k a v S i r d i T

èlkanas~ warmomadgenloba guriaSi

guriis regionis biomeurneebs SeuZliaT miiRon

Semdegi momsaxureba:

q. ozurgeTi, griboedovis q. #2.

ofisi: 8 296 66694

laSa Rlonti 8 99 798498

jaba WeiSvili 8 93 584263

Tiniko TalakvaZe 8 93 906878

biomeurne 2 (13) 20062828


ssssaaaammmmeeeeuuuurrrrnnnneeeeoooo

mmmmnnnniiiiSSSSvvvvnnnneeeelllloooobbbbaaaa

esparceti amierkavkasiaSi uZveles kulturaTa jgufs miekuTvneba. miuxedavad imisa,

rom msoflioSi 100-mde saxeobaa cnobili, kulturaSi umetesad mxolod samia gavrcele-

buli: Cveulebrivi esparceti-Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop; amierkavkasiis esparceti-

Onobrychis transcaucasica Grossh; qviSis esparceti- Onobrychis arenaria D. C. qarTuli

esparceti- Onobrychis Iberica Grossh. (esparcetebs Soris saukeTeso Taflismomcemia).

saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia amierkavkasiisa da qarTuli esparceti.

esparcets iyeneben Tivad, mwvane sakvebad, saZovrad; simindsa da sxva

marcvlovnebTan Sereuli umaRlesi xarisxis siloss iZleva.

esparceti mwvane masisa da Tivis mosavlianobiT SedarebiT kargad egueba mSrali

klimatis pirobebs da amitom esparceti xSirad sjobnis iseT uxvmosavlian parkosan

kulturas, rogoric ionjaa. kargi movlis pirobebSi kulturul jiSebs SeuZliaT mogvcen

7-8 tona Tivisa da 1,5-2 tona Teslis mosavali. is biologiurad swrafmzardi kulturaa

da SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes saZovradac. misi upiratesoba ionjasa da samyurasTan

SedarebiT imiTacaa ganpirobebuli, rom cxovels ar beravs.

mcenare didi raodenobiT iTvisebs niadagidan kirs, fosfors, kaliums, magniums, ris

gamoc sasuqebis mimarT did moTxovnilebas ar iCens. egueba TiTqmis yvelanair nia-

dags m. S. qviSian da qviSnar niadagebs. ver egueba mJave niadagebs, iseT niadagebs,

sadac axlosaa gruntis wylebi, wyalgaumtar, naWaobar niadags. momTxovnia kirisadmi,

uxvi mosavlis misaRebad niadagSi kiris raodenoba 0,5 %-ze naklebi ar unda iyos.

axasiaTebs Zlieri bartyoba da kargi SefoTvlis unari.

esparceti mravalwliani parkosani balaxia, igi saukeTeso sakvebia yvela saxis

niadagis eroziisagan dacva ufro da ufro aqtualuri xdeba mTel msof-

lioSi. erozirebuli niadagi, romelsac dakarguli aqvs wyaldamcavi funqcia,

xels uwyobs Camonadenis gaZlierebas, kokispiruli wvimebis dros uecar

wyaldidobas, zogjer Rvarcofebis warmoSobasa da xevebis gaCenas.

eroziasaSiS niadagebze yvela Teslbrunvam unda uzrunvelyos niadagis

nayofierebis amaRleba da misi dacva eroziisagan.

mcenareuli safari aqrobs mosuli naleqebis energias da xels uwyobs ero-

ziuli procesebis Semcirebas. mcenareebi akaveben naleqebis garkveul raode-

nobas, ris Sedegadac mcirdeba ferdobebze Camonadenebis intensivoba. mce-

nareuli safaris SeqmnisaTvis upirveles yovlisa unda gamoviyenoT mraval-

wliani balaxebi, romlebic Tavisi biologiuri Tvisebebis kvalobaze, swra-

fad iviTareben miwiszeda organoebs da faraven niadagis zedapirs, rac

amcirebs wvimis pirdapir zemoqmedebas niadagze, ris Sedegadac izRudeba

niadagis struqturis damSleli uaryofiTi moqmedeba, mcirdeba ferdobebze

zedapiruli Camonadenis intensivoba da Sesabamisad iklebs eroziuli done.

gvalvaamtani parkosani balaxis - esparcetisa da mravalwliani marcvlova-

ni balaxebis (mdelos wivana, ufxo Svriela, kapueta) narevis Tesva

warmatebiT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT ferdobebze saToxni kulturebis

Tesvisas e. w. buferuli zolebis Sesaqmnelad. buferuli zolebis sigane da

manZili maT Soris damokidebulia ferdobis daxrilobis sididesa da mosu-

li atmosferuli naleqebis intensivobaze.

Zvirfasi sakvebi

kultura da niadagis

eroziis winaaRmdeg

brZolis saSualeba

biomrCeveli

nukri memarniSvili

eeeessssppppaaaarrrrcccceeeettttiiii



2929

nnnniiiiaaaaddddaaaaggggiiiissss

ddddaaaammmmuuuuSSSSaaaavvvveeeebbbbaaaa,,,,

TTTTeeeessssvvvvaaaa

pirutyvisaTvis. izrdeba 60-100 sm. simaRlis, iviTarebs Zlier fesvTa sistemas, fesvi

Zlier datotvilia, niadagSi Cadis 3-6 m siRrmeze da unari aqvs gvalvis periodSi nia-

dagis Rrma fenebidan gamoiyenos wyali. fesvze iviTarebs koJris baqteriebs, romle-

bic intensiurad axdenen atmosferos Tavisufali azotis fiqsacias, riTac maRldeba

niadagis nayofiereba. samwliani naTesi 0-35 sm. niadagis fenaSi saSualod 7-15 tona

fesvTa sistemas da 140-200 kg azotovan SenaerTebs tovebs, aumjobesebs niadagis

struqturas da amitom esparceti nebismieri sasoflo-sameurneo kulturis saukeTeso wina-

morbedia.

esparceti saukeTeso Taflovani mcenarea. erTi ha naTesi saSualod 100-200 kg

Tafls iZleva. sxva mcenareebisgan gansxvavebiT, esparcetis yvavili wvens gamoyofs

mSrali klimatis pirobebSic da umaRlesi xarisxis Tafls iZleva.

daTesvidan aRmocenebamde 8-15 dRe sWirdeba, yvavilobas ionjasTan SedarebiT 10-

15 dRiT adre iwyebs.

ggggaaaaTTTTiiiibbbbvvvvaaaa didi mniSvneloba aqvs esparcetis droul gaTibvas, rac

yvavilobis fazis dasawyisSi unda ganxorcieldes. dagvia-

nebuli gaTibvis dros Tiva uxeSdeba, ikargeba mcenareuli cila da mcirdeba Tivis

kvebiTi Rirseba. esparceti unda gaiTibos dakokrebis dasasrulsa da yvavilobis dasaw-

yis fazaSi.

yuradReba unda mieqces gaTibuli esparcetis normalur gaSrobas, radgan misi foTlebi,

romlebic gansakuTrebiT mdidaria cilebiT, mzis sxivebis pirdapiri zemoqmedebis gamo

swrafad Sreba da advilad Sordeba Reros,

esparcetis winamorbedi xSirad TavTaviani pureulebia, amitom niadagis momzadeba

nawverlis aCeCviT unda daviwyoT (siRrme - 5-8 sm.). mzralad xvna unda CavataroT 30

sm. siRrmeze, xnuli aseT mdgomareobaSi rCeba gazafxulamde. rogorc ki SesaZlebeli

gaxdeba mindvrad gasvla, niadagi unda daifarcxos. Tu xnuli beltiania, nakveTi unda

damuSavdes kultivatoriT 8 - 10 sm. siRrmeze da Semdeg daifarcxos. Tesvis optimalu-

ri vadis SerCevas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs. naadrevi an nagvianevi naTesis

zrda-ganviTareba araxelsayrel pirobebSi xdeba, rac mniSvnelovnad amcirebs mosavals.

erTi da imave kulturis Tesvis vadebi, adgilmdebareobisa da klimaturi pirobebis

Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovnad meryeobs. amitom sxvadasxva zonaSi unda SeirCes Tesvis

saukeTeso agroteqnikuri vada. esparcets Tesaven gazafxulze an zafxulSi. Tumca

gazafxulis naTesi ufro nakleb mosavals iZleva zafxulis

naTesTan SedarebiT.

esparcetis Tesli gaRivebas iwyebs 20 C siTbos pirobebSi.

misi ganviTarebis optimaluri temperatura ki 10 - 20 gradusia.

esparceti iTeseba mwkrivad, 80-120 kg./ha Tesvis normiT. Ca-

Tesvis siRrme ar unda

aRematebodes 2-3 sm-s, msubuq

niadagebSi ki - 4-6 sm-s.

TTTTeeeesssslllliiiissss

aaaaRRRReeeebbbbaaaa

esparcetis Teslis aReba SesaZlebelia daTesvidan meore wels. Teslis mosavalze did

gavlenas axdens naTesTan axlos futkris skebis siaxlove, esparceti jvaredinad gama-

nayofierebeli mcenarea da futkari didad uwyobs xels Teslis uxvi mosavlis miRebas.

mosavlis aReba unda daviwyoT parkebis 60-70 %-is gamuqebisTanave, riTac Tavidan

avicilebT Teslis Cacvenas. saTesle nakveTSi yvavilobis fazaSi unda Catardes

jiSobrivi margvla da aprobacia. Teslis aRebis Semdeg aucilebelia misi gawmenda,

gaSroba da daxarisxeba.

biomeurne 2 (13) 20063030


saqarTveloSi - mevenaxeobis klasikur

qveyanaSi keramikli warmoebis iseTi dargi,

rogoric meqvevereobaa, mTlianad meRvine-

obis interesebs emsaxureba. qvevri is Wur-

Werlia, romelSic mimdinareobs tkbilisa Tu

durdos daduReba, daRvineba da Senaxva. amri-

gad, misi daniSnuleba da mniSvneloba

meRvineobaSi udidesia da qvevris, rogorc

sameurneo xasiaTis mqone WurWlis, war-

moSoba Zalzed Soreul warsulSia savaraudo.

saerTod, meTuneoba xuT ZiriTad dargad

iyofa; esenia _ meagureoba, mekramiteoba,

meWurWleoba meToneoba (saidanac warmodga

am dargis saxelwodeba meTuneoba) da meqve-

vreoba. keramikuli nawarmi TiTqmis yvela

saxis Tixisagan mzaddeba, romelsac moipo-

veben rogroc aRmosavleT, aseve dasavaleT

saqarTveloSi, magram qvevr-Wurebis dasamzade-

blad Tixac gansakuTrebuli unda iyos da dam-

zadebisa Tu gamowvis teqnologiac saTanado

codnasa da gamocdilebas moiTxovs. sulxan-

sabas ganmartebiT "Wuri ars kecTagan

WurWeli: qvevri, yvibari, qoco, xalani, dergi,

lagvini, lagvinari da misTanani".

qvevris moculoba Zvel saqarTveloSi 10-

dan 7000-8000 litramde meryeobda.

misi did moculobas, rasac gansakuTrebuli mniSv-

neloba eniWeba ojaxur pirobebSi;

masSi TiTqmis ucvlelia temperatura, rasac aseve

didi mniSvneloba aqvs qvevrSi mimdinare yvela teq-

nologiur procesSi;

misi Seucvleli da gansakuTrebuli roli kaxuri

tipis Rvinis dasayeneblad;

qvevrs, ise rogorc muxis kasrs, ar axasiaTebs

aSroba, da amrigad - danakargi;

yvela teqnologiuri pirobis zusti dacviT qvevrSi

Rvino hermetulad da xangrZlivad inaxeba;

vazisa daRvinis qveyana...

biomrCeveli

giorgi barisaSvili

qvevris dadebiT mxared miiCneven:

mis uaryofiT mxareebidan gamoyofen:

qvevris kedlebis Zlier forianobas;

misi recxvisa da movlis siZneles;

gansakuTrebiT didi moculobis qvevrebSi mciredi

vibraciis drosac ki (miwisZvra, mewyeri da sxv.)

didia misi kedlebis dabzarvis riski;

arsebobs axali, uxarisxo qvevris SeZenis saSiS-

roeba.

q v e v r iq v e v r i

saqarTvelo vazisa da Rvinis klasikuri qveyanaa, sadac vazis uTvalavi jiSi

gamouyvaniaT, sadac Cinebul Rvinos arqauli wesebiT ayeneben...

am mcire statiaSi SevexebiT qarTuli marnis aucilebel atributs - qvevrs.



3131

am ukanasknelis riskis safuZvels warmoadgens

meqvevreobisadmi garkveulwilad gulgrili damokidebu-

leba da qvevris damzadebis teqnologiis arasruli

dacva. qvevris kedlebis forianobis sawinaaRmdegod

axali qvevrebis miwaSi Cadgmamde Sida zedapirs

gaaTboben (gacxelebamde) da Signidan Taflis cvils

gamousvamen. gamTbari qvevris kedlebi cvils Rrmad

Seiwovs da amrigad gamoiricxeba rogorc Rvinis

gaJonvis an garedan nestis SeRwevis riski, aseve

xmarebisa da recxvis proceSi cvilis mocilebis

saSiSroeba. rac Seexeba misi recxvis siZneles, es

problema imdenad aqtualuri yofila, rom Zvelad arse-

beobda profesia `qvevris mrecxavi" da amrigad

qvevrs profesionali recxavda. unda aRiniSnos, rom

qvevris RvinoSi raime `xelis" - zadis da daavadebis

gaCena ganpirobebulia swored qvevris recxviT.

mniSvnelovania qvevris rogorc gamoyenebis wina

garecxva, aseve qvevris saTanado recxva misi carie-

lad datovebis dros. orive SemTxvevaSi, aseve

Rvinis gadaRebisas, qvevrs uxrColeben gogirds _ 3

gr gogirdi yovel 100 l WurWelze. qvevrs kedlebis

meti simtkicisaTvis garedan Tixisave rgolebs

ukeTebdnen, rac TvalnaTliv Cans gansakuTrebiT

Zveli qvevrebis zedapirze, amave mizans emsaxureba

SedarebiT gvian (XI s-is bolos) saqarTveloSi gavr-

celebuli xerxi _ qvevrebis dakirva, romelic warmo-

adgens erTgvar antiseismur RonisZiebas. qvevrebis

dakirva saqarTveloSi Zalian swrafad gavrcelda, rac

ganpirobebuli iyo aRniSnul periodSi saqarTveloSi

momxdari uZlieresi miwisZvriT, romelmac savse qve-

vrebis umetesoba daaziana. aRsaniSnavia is garemo-

ebac, rom garedan Tixis salteebiT Semorgolili qve-

vri SesaniSnavis winapirobaa qvevris dakirvisa,

vinaidan rgolebi kirs SesaniSnavad imagrebs. axlo

warsulSi zogjer kiris nacvlad cementsa da gudrons

iyenebdnen, magram zog SemTxvevaSi es operacia

sazianoc ki aris qveveris RvinisaTvis; ase rom,

kiri jerjerobiT Seucvlelia. xolo riski imisa, rom

axali qvevrebi rigi teqnologiuri procesebis dauc-

velad mzaddeba, arcTu usafuZvloa. gamocdili meqve-

vre, magaliTad, WurWlisaTvis momzadebul Tixas

saguldagulod daaxarisxebs da arviTar SemTxvevaSi

mdinaris, wvimis, an nagubari wyliT ar mozels.

Tixa izileba molod da mxolod maRali xarisxis

sasmeli wyliT. gasaTvaliswinebelia, agreTve

,gamowvis temperatura da xangrZlivoba, rasac aseve

naklebi yuradReba eqceva. unda aRiniSnos, rom qve-

vri imdenad daxvewili WurWelia, rom man dRemde,

mravali saukunis Semdeg, TiTqmis ucvlelad

moaRwia. qvevrebs, garda Rvinisa, iyenebdnen WaWis,

mwnileulis, yvelis, erbosa da marcvleulis Sesa-

naxadac; magram igi, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, Zi-

riTadad meRvineobis WurWelia da misi Seqmnac am

dargis ganviTarebam gamoiwvia saqarTveloSi.

qarTuli marnis mravalricxovan WurWel-iaraRTagan

erT-erTi umTavresia sawnaxeli. yurZnis fexiT dasawurad

gankuTvnili sawnaxeli xSirad xis morisaganaa gaTlili.

qarTl-kaxeTSi mas navi hqvia, imereTsa da guriaSi - saw-

naxeli, samegreloSi - oWinaxi, xolo raWa-leCxumSi xor-

gos an xapis saxeliT ixsenieben. xis sawnaxeli metadre

dasavleT saqarTvelosTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. aqaur

marnebSi SeiZleba SegxvdeT cacxvisa Tu wablis ostatu-

rad gaTlili, gulamoRebuli mori: patara onjaro anu xel-

navi 30-40 fuT yurZens itevs da umTavresad yurZnis

mosakavebladaa gankuTvnili, ufro xSiria 200-300 fu-

Tiani xorgo-sawnaxeli, iSviaTia xuTasfuTiani veeba

sawnaxeli.

qarTl-kaxeTSi da imereTis zog mxareSi `gakuTxuli~

sawnaxelia xmarebaSi. amgvari sawnaxeli Signidanac da

garedanac sworad, brtyladaa gaTlili. erT mTlian morSi

gaTlili sawnaxelis masiur Tavebs anu Sublebs mtkavel-

ic Zlivs gaswvdeba. yurZnis dawurvisas Zala umetesad am

nawilebs adgeba. xangrZlivi xmarebis Sedegad sawnaxels

Tavebi uskdeba. marnebSi sSirad naxavT TavCadgmul saw-

naxels. gadaWrili Sublis nacvlad mas Tavsa da boloSi

mWidrod Cadgmulia magari ficris sami naWeri, sarTauli,

meti simtkicisaTvis sawnaxelSi ganivad gayrili

latanebiTa da xis solebiT gamagrebuli.

guria-samegreloSi, raWa-leCxumsa da agreTve qvemo

imereTSi gavrcelebuli sawnaxeli garedanac xis moris

moyvanilobisaa da Signidanac mrgvladaa àmonavuli~.

mrgvali sawnaxeli Cveulebriv `Tvgamoyenebuli~ ficris

mTliani an sami nawilisagan Sedgenili Tavi aqvs

Casmuli.

biomeurne 2 (13) 20063232


xis sawnaxeli

mrgvali xorgo-sawnaxeli aRniSnul mxareebSi naw-

ilobriv Rvinis dasaduRebeli WurWlis movaleobasac

asrulebs. mrgvalad gulamoRebuli, sagrZnoblad `pir-

Sekruli~ sawnaxeli aqauri meurnis sityviT, `ga-

kuTxulze ukeTesi saduRaria~.

Tu sawnaxels kargad daaTvalierebT, darwmundebiT,

rom igi gamocdili xuros naxelavia. mesawnaxeleo-

bas, rogorc xiT xuroobis sagangebo dargs, Zvel-

Tagan, gansakuTrebiT dasavleT saqarTveloSi misde-

vdnen.

xuri, `mesawnaxele~ xes karga xniT adre Seigulebs

tyeSi. sasawnaxeled gamodgeba cacxvi, Tela, wabli...

maT Soris cacxvi saukeTesod iTvleba - igi msub-

uqia, gamosaTlelad da amosaWrelad advili, misi mori

ar gaskdeba da gaTlaSi ar gaipoba. sasawnaxeled

mzvareSi gazedil magar xes amjobineben, amasTan

uzados da swors.

xes, Cveulebriv, Semodgomaze an zamTarSi Wrian.

Tovliani zamTari saukeTeso droa xis mosaWrelad,

Rrma TovlSi waqceul sasawnaxeles naklebad moelis

daskdoma da misi tyidan gamotana sagrZnoblad advil-

ia.

miwaze waqceuli sasawnaxlo iqve tyeSi nawilobriv

gaiTleba. mas jer damoraven: najaxiT totebs Semoac-

lian, sasurvel sigrZeze gadazomaven da Tavsa da

boloSi najaxiTve gadaWrian, anda xerxiT daabird-

abireben. mrgvali sawnaxelisaTvis gankuTvnil mors

mxolod kans Semoaclian da maSinve sawnaxlis gulis

amoRebas Seudgebian. gakuTxvili sawnaxlis gaTla ki

garedan misi gakuTxviT, oTxkuTxad gaTliT iwyeba.

xes najaxiT guls amouReebn, Semdeg ki mokletariani

eCoTi amowmenden.

gaTlil sawnaxels gadaabruneben da or-sam xeze

momaRlod daayeneben. oriode kviriT ase pirqve-

damxobil sawnaxels qari da yinva gamoaSrobs da

kidev ufro gaamCatebs...

Sin motanili sawnaxeli sabolood gaiTleba da

gaiwyoba. mas dawuruli wvenis, tkbilis, gamosasvlel

indurs gamouburRaven da maranSi Seitanen. sagange-

bod amoTlil xis namorebze dabjenili sawnaxeli

ramdenime Taobas gauwevs samsaxurs...



3333

biomeurne 2 (13) 20063434


On-farm konservacia in situ konservaciis

nawilia da mcenareuli genetikuri resursebis

Semonaxvas da mdgrad gamoyenebas emsaxureba,

genetikuri resursebis evrokomisia da evropis

kooperacia am mimarTulebiT sakmao Zalisxmevas

axdens. rio de Janeiros konvenciis (CBD)

Semdgom gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eniWeba adgi-

lobrivi genetikuri resursebis konservacias da

maTs menejments. amJamad mimdinareobs me-7

faza am RonisZiebebisa. pirveli Sexvedra Sedga

2005 wels polvezeSi (italia), da exeboda on-

farm konservacias. meore Sexvedris mizani iyo

problemebis ganxilva.

SexvedraSi monawileoba miiRo 17 qveynis

30-mde monawilem. Sexvedra gaixsna ECPGR- is

me-7 fazis brifingiT, romelic IPGRI -is

meTvalyureobiT mimdinareobda (warmomadgeneli

aiSa del greko).

moxsenebebi Seexeboda:

1. organizaciebisa da kerZo pirebis monacemTa baza

(v. negri)

2. dakanoneba da mxardaWera on-farm konservaciis

kuTxiT

(p. froidentaleri)

3. On-farm konservaciis sakiTxebi evropaSi (z.stex-

no, m. vatelaineni)

4. IPGRI -is da qselis wevrebis roli (aiSa del greko)

5. amomwuravi definicia lendrasis raobis Sesaxeb (n.

maqstedi)

meore nawili pirveli dRis Sexvedrisa daeTmo erov-

nuli proeqtebis mimdinareobas.

1. p. moreiram (portugaliis warmomadgenelma) isaubra

simindis adgilobrivi lendrasebis mniSvnelobaze

da maTze Catarebul seleqciur samuSaoebze.

2. n. mangetma isaubra xexilovani kulturebis on-farm

konservaciaze.

3. r. fogelma moxseneba gaakeTa Crdilo-aRmosavleT

germaniaSi on-farm konservaciis Sesaxeb.

warmodgenili iqna agreTve saerTaSoriso proeqtebi

on-farm konservaciaze "On-farmsafe" (v. negri), italia

da "Egrisi" (n. maqstedi), inglisi. am dRes Cvenc

gavakeTeT prezentacia "elkanas" da uSualod Cveni saq-

mianobis Sesaxeb.

meore dRis Sexvedra gaixsna axali proeqtebis

ganviTarebis Sesaxeb diskusiiT, romelSic monawileob-

da ramdenime warmomadgeneli. Sexvedris SesaZleb-

lobebsa, pasuxismgeblobebze da drois CarCoze isaubra

aseve ramdenime monawilem.

ECPGR-is sekretariatisa da sameTvalyureo

komitetisTvis momzadda momavali samuSao principi da

xedva. agreTve daiTqva momavali Sexvedris dro da

adgili, aseve is saqmianobebi da saWiroebebi, romle-

on-farm konservaciis da

menejmentis meore

Sexvedra

ECPGR

Stegelici, germania, 19-20 ivnisi, 2006 w.

agrobiomravalferovnebis dacvis samsax-

uris xelmZRvaneli

biZina feraZe



3535

saqarTvelos flora Zalian mravalferovania, igi Sedgeba mcenareTa iseTi

jgufebisagan, romlebic naklebad Seswavlilia qimiuri da samkurnalo

Tvisebebis TvalsazrisiT. erT-erTia goqSosebrTa (Dipsacaceae Lind) ojaxi,

masSi gaerTianebulia Svidi gvari (Dipsacus L., Scabiosa L., Cephalaria Scrad

ex Roem., Knautia L., Pterocephalus Adans., Succia Neck., Succisella G. Beck).

maT Soris Cephalaria imiTaa mniSvnelovani, rom misi erT-erTi saxeoba (C.

syriaca (L.) Schrad) gamoyenebuli iyo CvenSi xorbalTan erTad dafquli da rom-

lisganac cxveboda e.w. `maxobliani puri~. am purisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia

lurji Seferiloba, sasiamovno gemo da xangrZlivad rbilad Senaxvis unari.

maxobeli gavrcelebuli iyo ZiriTadad adgilobrivi xorblebis moyvanis

arealSi, naTesebSi. maxobeli mimikrirebuli iyo xorblis zrda-ganviTarebis

mimdinareobasTan, Semodioda xorbalTan erTad da gamolewvis Semdeg ereoda

xorblis Tesls. adgilobrivi xorblebis gadaSenebis gamo, maxobelic gaqra,

Tumca Tavis droze igi sxvaganac iyo aRniSnuli.

maxoblis monaTesave mcenareebi goqSosebrTa ojaxidan sxvadasxva xalxebSi

ZvelTaganve farTod gamoiyeneboda saxalxo medicinaSi. ase, magaliTad,

bic xels Seuwyoben on-farm konservaciis programis

gagrZelebas.

Sexvedra dasrulda biosferuli rezervatis

monaxulebiT.

Semdeg dReebSi Cven gavecaniT ramdenime

arasamTavrobo organizaciis organul meurneobebsa da

biolandis meurneobas vilmersdofSi.

maxoblis da misi monaTesave

veluri saxeobebis qimiuri da

samkurnalo Tvisebebi

agrobiomravalferovnebis dacvis

samsaxuris TanamSromeli

taiul beriSvili

biomeurne 2 (13) 20063636


C. gigantea (Led.) E.Robr.-is yvavilebi gamoiye-

neboda sasunTqi gzebis anTebis, RviZlis daa-

vadebebis, xvelebis, gaciebis, sisxlis amoxve-

lebisas, agreTve gulsisxlZarRvTa sistemis

daavadebebis dros (Ðîëëîâ, 1908; Ìèðçîÿí è

äð. 1946; Ïðèëèïêî, 1961). CvenSi es mcenare

cnobilia skipalos saxeliT da igi farTodaa

gavrcelebuli mTel saqarTveloSi.

am gvaris kidev ori saxeobis C. procera

Fish. et Lall. da C. armeniaca E. Bordz. Cais

nayeni gamoiyeneboda rogorc oflmdeni da

sicxis damwevi saSualeba. maxobelis

monaTesave gvaris Scabiosa (folia) saxeobe-

bis - S. columbaria L. (goqSo), saxeobebis D.pilosus L., D. strigosus Willd. D. laciniatus L,

fesvi, foToli da yvaviledi saxalxo

medicinaSi ixmareba filtvis tuberkulozis,

sifilisis, meWeWebis, qavilis, kanis gamonayre-

bis, Tvalis daavadebebis, hemorois, koJrebis,

gvelis nakbenis da sxv.

winaaRmdeg (Ðîëëîâ,1908; Ìèðçîÿí è äð.

1946).

kidev erTi gvaris

Knautia-s saxeobis K.

arvensis L. miwiszeda

nawilebidan damzadebu-

li Cais nayeni gamoiye-

neba anTebis sawina-

aRmdegod da antisepti-

kuri miznebisaTvis,

aseve gamoiyeneba ka-

nis daavadebebisa da

Sardis buStis anTebis

dros.

goqSosebrTa ojaxis

mravali warmomadgeneli

Seicavs biologiurad

aqtiur nivTierebebs - alkaloidebs, triterpe-

noidebs, xederganins, oleanolis mJavas, gigan-

teozidebs, gencianins, gencianadins, gencia-

nans; fenolkarbonmJavebs: qlormJavas, 3,4-

dihidroqsildariCinmJavas; flavonoidebs: sver-

tizins, kvercetin-3-arabino-7-glikozids, kver-

cetin-7-glukozids da a.S.

gvar Scabiosa-s saxeobebi - S. bipinata C.

Koch.; S. caucasica bieb.; S. olgae Slbov.-is

miwiszeda nawilebi Seicavs cinarozids da

kvercimeritrins (Çåìöîâà, Áîíäþêîâà 1968;

Çåìöîâà, 1969; Êèðèëü÷åíêî è äð. 1971). aseve

bipinata Seicavs oxrizids.

S. caucasica-s miwiszeda nawilebi Seicaven:

- diosmins, apigenins da roifolins, xolo

S. columbaria - saponins.

S. bipinate, S. caucasica, S. olgae-s miwiszeda organoebSi

aRmoCenilia fenilkarbonuli mJavebi: kofeinis, qlorogenis

da neoqlorogenis mJavebi (Çåìöîâà, 1969; Áîíäþêîâà

1972; Ðîçàíîâà, Íàéäàêîâà. 1974). fesvebi Seicaven alka-

loidebs (Ìàñàãåòîâ, 1946), xolo yvaviledi - svertiaponin-

sa da svertizins (Çåìöîâà, Áîíäþêîâà, 1977).

Cuccisa pratensis Moench.-dan gamoyofili da identifi-

cirebulia gencianini (Trossell, 1983), xolo Knautia monta-

na (bieb) DC.-s miwiszeda nawilebi Seicavs saponins da qlo-

rogenis mJavas (Áàíäþêîâà è äð. 1970; Çåìöîâà,

Áàíäþêîâà, Øèíêàðåíêî, 1972).

hegnaueris-is (1966) mier gvarebSi - Scarbiosa, Dipsacus,

Cephalaria, Pterocephalus da Succisa, alkaloidebTan,

saponinebTan da polifenolur naerTebTan erTad napovnia

iridoiduli glukozidi Cephalariosid F (loganini)

C16H24O10,[α] D20- 104,730.

yvela zemoT moxseniebuli saxeoba gavrcelebulia

saqarTveloSi, zogi farTod, mag., C. gigantea, K. mîntana,

S. caucasica, sxvebi - SedarebiT naklebad. gansakuTrebul

yuradRebas ipyrobs C.

gigantea - skipalo, ro-

melic yvelgan gvxvdeba

da advilad SesamCnevia

Tavisi garegnobiT.

igi 1,5-2,5 m simaRlis

izrdeba, aqvs datotvi-

li Rero da didi monac-

risfro-yviTeli Sefe-

rilobis Tavaki yvavi-

lebi.

aRsaniSnavia isic,

rom Seswavlilia yvela

am mcenaris miwiszeda

organoebi (Rero, fo-

Toli, yvavili) da nawi-

lobriv fesvi, naklebad

- Tesli. CvenTvis sain-

teresoa maxobelis

(C.syriaca-s) Teslis qimiuri Semadgenloba, misi cximovani

mJavebis, saxameblis, fenoluri naerTebis raodenobrivi

gansazRvra da alkaloidebis, flavonoidebis, fenoluri

mJavebis da terpenoidebis Tvisobrivi Semadgenlobis gark-

veva.

rogorc qimiuri analizidan gairkva, maxoblis Tesli didi

raodenobiT (22%) Seicavs mcenareul zeTs. swored amitom

amravleben am mcenares bulgareTSi da Teslidan miRebul

zeTs iyeneben saWmelad da teqnikuri miznebisaTvis. Tavad

zeTi Seicavs laurinis, miristainis, palmitinis, stearinis,

oleinis da linolenis mJavebs. isini miekuTvnebian e.w.

`Seucvlel~ cximovan mJavebs. es mJavebi ar sinTezirdeba

adamianis organizmSi da maTi miReba saWmelTan erTad

adamianisaTvis aucilebelia. `Seucvleli~ mJavebi monawileo-

ben ujredis membranis SenebaSi, prostaglandinebis

C. syriaca



3737

sinTezSi (prostaglandinebi aregulireben

nivTierebaTa cvlas ujredSi, sisxlis wnevas da

Trombocitebis agregacias, organizmidan gamo-

devnian Warb qolesterins da zrdian sisxl-

ZarRvebis kedlebis elastikurobas). maxoblis

TeslSi naxSirwylebis warmomadgenlis saxame-

blis raodenoba Seadgens 5,58%-s. monosaqari-

debidan maxoblis TeslSi qaRaldze qromatogra-

fiis meTodiT aRniSnulia glukoza. fenoluri

naerTebis saerTo raodenoba maxoblis TeslSi

Seadgens 0,4%-s. garda amisa, maxoblis TeslSi

qaRaldze ormxrivi qromatografiis meTodiT

aRmoCenilia 11 flavonoiduri naerTi da 6

fenokarbonuli mJava. aseve maxoblis TeslSi

Txelfenovani qromatografiis meTodiT aR-

moCenilia 5 alkaloidi.

literaturuli monacemebiT maxoblis sxvadas-

xva organoSi (fesvi, Rero, foToli, nayofi)

aRmoCenilia naxSirwylebi da maTi warmoebuli

R-meTilglukozidi, mTrimlavi nivTierebebi,

saponinebi, iridoidebi da vitamini C.

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs lurji

Seferilobis warmoqmna maxoblian purSi.

jer kidev 1909 wels holandielma mecnierma

tamesma Caatara gamokvleva, romelmac aCvena,

rom goqSosebrTa ojaxis zogierTi saxeobis

mcenaris foTlebi tenian garemoSi neli gacxe-

lebisas amJRavneben lurj Seferilobas. am

nivTierebas man uwoda dipsaqtoni da

miakuTvna iridoidur naerTebs. SemdgomSi 1949

wels liusma maxoblis Teslidan gamoyo mono-

meruli glukozidi, mware gemos mqone cefala-

rozidi F, romelic emsgavseba iridoidebis

jgufSi Semaval loganins. unda vifiqroT, rom

maxobliani puris lurji Seferiloba ganpirobebulia iridoi-

duli naerTebiT, romlebic miekuTvnebian monoterpenebis

rigis ciklopentanoidur tips.

amrigad, goqSosebrTa ojaxis rigi saxeobebi garkveuli

samkurnalo TvisebebiT xasiaTdebian, amitom maTi Seswavla

mniSvnelovania. miT umetes CvenSi mravali saxeobaa gavrce-

lebuli. rac Seexeba maxobels C. syriaca, sasurvelia misi

gamoyeneba puris cxobaSi puris Tvisebebis gaumjobesebis

mizniT. isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom es Cvens winaprebs

sakmao drois win scodniaT. amdenad tradicias gagrZeleba

esaWiroeba.

C. gigantea

biomeurne 2 (13) 20063838


giorgi laferaSvili

manana wulaia

momavali siRaribis

gareSe

siRaribe

saqarTveloSi Raribi mosaxleobis udidesi nawili

sofelSi cxovrobs. èlkana~ swavlobs soflad arse-

bul problemebs: mosaxleobis azrze dayrdnobiT

vaanalizebT soflis ganviTarebis ZiriTad

Semaferxebel faqtorebs. Cven gvjera, rom xelisufle-

bam gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda dauTmos

siRaribis aRmofxvras soflad. sxva arasamTavrobo

organizaciebTan erTad Cven vcdilobT, sazogadoe-

bis yuradReba mivapyroT sofelSi arsebul proble-

mebs. Cveni miznebis miRweva SesaZlebelia, Tu

sakuTar codnasa da resursebs gavaerTianebT.

aliansi

`momavali siRaribis gareSe~ samoqalaqo

aliansia, romelic ormocdaaTze met ara-

samTavrobo organizacias aerTianebs. Cveni

mizania, saqarTvelos mTavroba davarwmunoT

erTiani strategiuli xedvis aucileblobaSi,

rom ganxorcielebuli reformebi ar iyos

fragmentuli xasiaTisa da siRaribesTan

brZola qveyanaSi mTavar prioritetad daisax-

os. es araa mxolod Cveni survili - axali

aTaswleulis mijnaze saqarTvelos mTavrobam

es valdebuleba saerTaSoriso doneze aiRo.

aTaswleulis ganviTarebis miznebi

2000 wlis seqtemberSi, gaeros aTaswleulis samitze, 191 saxelmwifom, maT Soris

saqarTvelom, xeli moawera deklaracias, romlis Tanaxmadac 2015 wlamde SesaZlebeli unda

gaxdes: siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myofi mosaxleobis ricxvis ganaxevreba; daubalansebeli

sakvebi racionis mqone mosaxleobis ricxvis ganaxevreba; konfliqtebisa da stiqiuri

movlenebis Sedegad dazaralebuli da iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli mosaxleobis socialur-

ekonomikuri reabilitacia da samoqalaqo integracia;

xuT wlamde asakis bavSvTa da mSobiareTa sikvdilianobis maCveneblis mniSvnelovani

Semcireba... (aTaswleulis ganviTarebis miznebisa da Sesabamisi amocanebis sruli sia ixileT

misamarTze: www.un.org/millenniumgoals). aliansis Zalisxmeva mimarTulia imisken, rom

saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi gecnon aTaswleulis ganviTarebis miznebs da CvenTan erTad

moiTxovon maTi Sesruleba. valdebulebis aRebidan ukve eqvsi weli gavida - dro ar iTmens!



3939

globaluri mowodeba

`momavali siRaribis gareSe~

saerTaSoriso koaliciis wevria,

romelic msoflios garSemo aTa-

sobiT organizacias aerTianebs.

(vrclad koaliciis saqmianobaze,

ixileT www. whiteband.org). 2005

wels milionobiT adamianma mouwoda

msoflios liderebs, gadadgan ufro

qmediTi nabijebi siRaribis aRmo-

safxvrelad. es mowodeba saqarTve-

loSic gaismoda.

aprilis TveSi Sedga samoqalaqo aliansis `momavali siRaribis gareSe~ wevri organizaciebis Sexvedra,

sadac dadginda, rom:

Cven vuerTdebiT `TeTri sartyeli - globalur aqcias~, romelic mTels msoflioSi 17 oqtombers

gaimarTeba. es siRaribesTan brZolis saerTaSoriso dRea;

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi gaimarTeba samuSao Sexvedrebi arasamTavrobo seqtoris

warmomadgenlebTan. am SexvedraTa mizania siRaribis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi adgilobrivi

arasamTavrobo seqtoris gaaqtiureba;

Catardeba treningebi dainteresebuli arasamTavrobo organizaciebisTvis: saxelmwifo programebis

monitoringi adgilobriv doneze;

kampaniis miznebis lobirebisaTvis Sedgeba samuSao Sexvedrebi samTavrobo struqturebTan

sxvadasxva doneze;

momzaddeba Ria werili (peticia) saqarTvelos prezidentisadmi siRaribis daZlevis konkretuli da

qmediTi RonisZiebebis gatarebis moTxovniT (sainiciativo jgufi varaudobs 20 aTasi xelmow-

eris Segrovebas).

ra gavakeTeT

èlkana~ aqtiurad monawileobda aliansis mier organize-

bul `TeTri sartyelis~ aqciebSi. 2005 wels msgavsi aqciebi

mTeli msoflios garSemo gaimarTa - adamianebi, romlebsac

erTi miznebi da TeTri feris sartyelebi aerTianebT,

siRaribis aRmofxvras moiTxovdnen.

èlkana~ monawileobda egsdp-is (ekonomikuri ganvi-

Tarebisa da siRaribis daZlevis programa) ganxorcielebis

angariSis proeqtisaTvis rekomendaciebis momzadebis

procesSi. Cveni rekomendaciebi, romlebic soflis meur-

neobas Seexeboda, sxva organizaciebis SeniSvnebTan erTad

aliansma `momavali siRaribis gareSe~ ekonomikuri

ganviTarebis saministros warudgina.

biomeurne 2 (13) 20064040


Sexvedraze èlkanam~ aliansis wevrebs mouwoda sofelTan dakavSirebuli qmedebebis

gaaqtiurobisaken. Cven vgegmavT gasvliTi samuSaoebis Sedegebis Sejamebas da fermerebis

warmomadgenlobiTi yrilobis Catarebas. yrilobaze (savaraudod, 2007 wlis aprili) ganvixilavT

saqarTveloSi soflis meurneobis reformis mimdinareobas da fermerTa problemebs, aseve

agraruli seqtorisa da siRaribis aRmofxvris saxelmwifo programebs.

yrilobaze fermerebi sakuTar koncefcias SeimuSaveben. aliansi `momavali siRaribis

gareSe~ am xedvas xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs gaacnobs.

ufro vrclad `momavali siRaribis gareSe~ saqmianobis Sesaxeb, ixileT: www.whiteband.ge

fotoebi: zviad nikolaiSvilis/Oxfam



4141

fermeris iuridiuli konsultacia

bondo alasania

elene SatberaSvili

miwis moijares aqvs ufleba, miwa saxelmwifosagan

Seisyidos pirdapiri miyidvis formiT. amisaTvis man

gancxadebiT unda mimarTos saqarTvelos ekonomikuri

ganviTarebis saministros saxelmwifo qonebis

aRricxvisa da privatizebis teritoriul organos.

swored teritoriuli organoa pasuxismgebeli pir-

dapiri miyidviT privatizebaze.

gancxadeba wardgenil unda iqnes ijaris xel-

Sekrulebis vadis Sewyvetamde, magram ara ugvianes 10

wlisa xelSekrulebis dadebis dRidan. amasTan moi-

jares gancxadebis wardgenis droisaTvis ar unda

ericxebodes saijaro qira da miwis gadasaxadi.

gancxadebas unda daerTos:

(TandarTuli dokumentebis sia amomwuravia. )

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moijares ar aqvs sajaro

reestris amonaweri, man sasoflo-sameurneo miwis

nakveTis amonaweris moTxovnis Taobaze gancxa-

debiT unda mimarTos raionis saregistracio samsax-

urs. rac Seexeba miwis nakveTis sakadastro gegmas,

igi aseve amonawerTan erTad unda gaices. im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu sakadastro gegma ar arsebobs an Tu

sakadastro gegma ar iZleva detalur-srulyofil infor-

macias miwis nakveTis Taobaze, gancxadebas

damatebiT unda daerTos specialistis (kerZo piris an

organizaciis) mier Sesrulebuli miwis nakveTis

sakadastro gegma, romelic unda Seesabamebodes miwis

registraciis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis moT-

xovnebs.

teritoriuli organo dadgenili wesiT registraciaSi

gaatarebs gancxadebas, dausvams registraciis TariRs,

nomers da ganmcxadebels dauyovnebliv gadascems

gancxadebis registraciaSi gatarebis damadasturebel

dokuments.

teritoriuli organo ganixilavs gancxadebas da

moijares gaugzavnis werilobiT Setyobinebas gada-

saxdeli Tanxis odenobisa da misi sul cota 20%-is

rogorc wina publikaciaSi dagpirdiT, gTavazobT sasoflo-sameurneo miwis privatizebis Sesaxeb

saqarTvelos kanonis mixedviT privatizebis ganmaxorcielebeli organoebis ufleba-movaleobebisa da priva-

tizebis procesis Catarebis procedurebis mimoxilvas.

fermerTa uflebebis dacva - biologiur

meurneobaTa asociacia èlkanas~ erT-erTi mizania.

2004 wlis gazafxulze holandiuri organizaciis

- NOVIB-is xelSewyobiT organizaciam daiwyo am

mimarTulebiT realuri nabijebis gadadgma.

SegiZliaT mogvmarToT kiTxviT TqvenTvis sain-

tereso iuridiul sakiTxebze da Cveni Jurnalis

saSualebiT gagiwevT kvalificiur konsultaciebs

� saxelmwifosTan dadebuli ijaris

xelSekruleba TandarTuli dokumentebiT an

maTi notariulad damowmebuli aslebi;

� ijaris xelSekrulebis reestrSi registraciis

damadasturebeli amonaweri da masze

TandarTuli miwis nakveTis sakadastro gegma;

� piradobis (aseve binadrobis, Tu cal-calkea

gacemuli) mowmobis asli.

sasoflo-sameurneo miwis privatizebis ganmaxorciele-

beli organoebis ufleba-movaleobebisa da privatize-

bis procesis Catarebis procedurebis mimoxilva

pirdapiri miyidvis formiT miwis privatizeba

gvekiTxebian �� vupasuxebT

biomeurne 2 (13) 20064242


dafarvis Taobaze. miwis nakveTis sruli Rirebuleba

an misi 20% 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi Setanil unda iqnes

bankSi, Sesabamis angariSze, da gadaxdis damadasture-

beli dokumenti waredginos privatizebis teritoriul

organos, romelic Tavis mxriv sami dRis vadaSi

gascems miwisa da sxva uZravi qonebis SeZenis

damadasturebel oqms.

Tu miwis nakveTis fasi srulad ar aris dafaruli,

amave vadaSi organo gaaformebs ipoTekis xelSek-

rulebas, rac imas niSnavs, rom moijare miwis nak-

veTis mesakuTre xdeba, magram safasuris srulad da-

farvamde es nakveTi ipoTekiTaa datvirTuli da Tan-

xis gadauxdelobis SemTxvevaSi igi auqcionze gai-

yideba. miwis safasuri kanonis mixedviT dgindeba da

saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsiT sasoflo-sameur-

neo daniSnulebis miwaze dadgenili qonebis

gadasaxadis sabaziso wliuri ganakveTis aTmagi ode-

nobis tolia. gadaxda SesaZloa moxdes Semdegnairad:

Tu moijarem es pirobebi ver Seasrula, maSin

gadasaxdeli Tanxis 100% Semdeg nel_nela unda

dafaros, ise, rogorc es pirvel punqtSia gaTvalis-

winebuli.

miwis nakveTze sakuTrebis gaformebisTvis au-

cilebelia sajaro reestrSi gatardeT, rogorc miwis

nakveTis mesakuTre. amisaTvis saregistracio samsax-

urs unda waredginos saregistracio gancxadeba, Se-

Zenis damadasturebeli oqmi, piradobis mowmobis

asli, aseve ipoTekis xelSekruleba, Tu aseTi arseb-

obs. registraturis TanamSromeli valdebulia, 10 dRis

ganmavlobaSi registraciaSi gaataros miwis nakveTis

mesakuTre da daaregistriros qonebis ipoTekiT

datvirTvis faqtic.

� daifaros gadasaxdeli Tanxis 20% da

danarCeni Tanxa daifaros 9 wlis

ganmavlobaSi, magram aranakleb yovelwliurad

10%-isa;

� Tu Tavidanve an erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi dai-

fareba 50%, an 1-dan 3 wlamde 70%, Tanxis

gadaxdis damadasturebeli dokumenti unda

waredginos privatizebis teritoriul

organos, romelic Tavis mxriv 3 dRis vadaSi

adasturebs valdebulebis Sesrulebas, ris

safuZvelzec uqmdeba ipoTekis xelSekruleba

da miwa gamosyidulad CaiTvleba.

momdevno publikaciaSi ganxiluli

iqneba specialuri da Ria auqcionis

Catarebis procedurebi.

gvekiTxebian �� vupasuxebT


Cveni biomeurneebi

4343

davibade 1969 wels dmanisis raionis sofel javaxSi. igi mdebareobs zRvis

donidan daaxloebiT 1100 m-ze da Tbilisidan daSorebulia 120 km-iT, sofelSi

200-mde komli cxovrobs, gvaqvs 300 ha saxnavi da amdenive saZovari, sofeli

ZiriTadad mesaqonleobas da mebostneobas misdevs. Tavis droze sofelSi erT-

erTi mowinave kolmeurneoba iyo, soflis miwebze Zalian xarisxiani bostneuli

modis da axla gvinda avaRorZinoT es dargi

myavs meuRle, ori Svili, mSoblebi, sofelSi dabadebuli var da Sesabamisad

bavSvobidanve kargad vicnob soflis meurneobas, davamTavre saSualo skola,

Semdeg vimsaxure jarSi, jaris Semdeg ki Cavabare Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetSi biznesfakultetze ekonomikis ganxriT, universitetis

damTavrebis Semdeg davbrundi raionSi da vmuSaobdi sxvadasxva samsaxurebSi,

vimuSave sagadasaxado inspeqciaSi, dmanisgazSi, purkombinatSi, mas Semdeg, rac

sabiujeto organizaciebi gaRaribdnen da xelfasebi aRar gaicemoda,

SemTxveviT aRmovaCine èlkana~, es iyo 1999 wels.

...Semovedi èlkanaSi~, Semxvda mrCeveli, gavesaubre mas

da gavige, ras niSnavs biomeurneoba. aRmoCnda, rom igi

zustad miesadageboda Cems ojaxs da Cems sofels -

mogvyavs xarisxiani produqcia, madliani miwa gvaqvs da

nakleb Sxam-qimikatebs iTxovs. mivxvdi, rom Tu gadarCenaa,

swored es sfero gadaarCens Cems sofels da mxares-meTqi...

gviambeT cota ram

Tqvens Sesaxeb

icnobdeT

jondo aduaSvili

weRan vTqvi, rom vmuSaobdi dmanisgazSi, Camosuli viyavi TbilisSi saq-

transgazSi, mezobel Senobaze SemTxveviT wavikiTxe abra `biologiur meur-

neobaTa asociacia èlkana~. simarTle giTxraT, maSin ver gavarkvie ra iyo

bio, magram raxan meurneoba iyo naxsenebi, gadavwyvite gamerkvia, Semovedi

èlkanaSi~, Semxvda mrCeveli, gavesaubre mas da gavige, ras niSnavs biomeur-

neoba. aRmoCnda, rom igi zustad miesadageboda Cems ojaxs da Cems sofels,

imitom, rom mogvyavs xarisxiani produqcia, madliani miwa gvaqvs da nakleb

Sxam-qimikatebs iTxovs. mivxvdi, rom Tu gadarCenaa, swored es sfero

gadaarCens Cems sofels da mxares-meTqi. 99 welSi gavwevriandi èlkanaSi~ da

mas Semdeg nel-nela matulobs wevrebis raodenoba Cemi soflidan. simarTle

rom giTxraT didi warmatebisTvis ar mimiRwevia da ojaxisaTvis didi fuli ar

miSovia, magram samagierod vipove Cemi cxovrebis saorientacio gza, davanebe

Tavi dmanisgazSi muSaobas da mis Semdeg iqiT aRar gamixedavs.

ratom gawevriandiT

èlkanaSi~?

interviu Caiwera

daTo doliZem

biomeurne 2 (13) 20064444

Cveni biomeurneebi

sakmaod Zlieri meurneoba maqvs, Cems ZmebTan erTad mikavia 3 ha miwis

farTobi. myavs 9 suli msxvilfexa saqoneli da 11 Rori. miwis nakveTze

ZiriTadad momyavs kartofili, kombosto, ojaxisaTvis saWiro sxva produqte-

bi. wels pirvelad, èlkanas~ samrCevlo samsaxuris rCeviT davTese brokoli,

wiTeli kombosto da kolrabi.

am kulturebs (brokoli, wiTelTaviani kombosto da sxva) garkveuli farTobi

gamovuyavi, Tu meurneobas ar gaaumjobesebs, did zaralsac ar momayenebs, ise

Cemi varaudiT, unda gaaumjobesos, ufro sasalaTe kombostos jiSebia, axali

xilia da, me mgoni, pirveli mercxaliviT iqneba Cvens sofelSi.

pirvelad èlkanas~ bazrobaze vnaxe zamTarSi, maSin 1 lari Rirda brokoli,

Cemi piradi dakvirvebiT daavadebis mimarT ufro gamZlea, vidre sxva kom-

bostos jiSebi, igive mosavlianoba aqvs da ufro advili mosavlelia,

danamdvilebiT ki seqtembris Tve gvaCvenebs saerTo Sedegs..

ra warmatebebs

miaRwieT Tqvens

meurneobaSi?

analogiurs, rasac mamakaci, ojaxs uvlian, ojaxis biujeti abariaT. sxvaTa

Soris yvela ucxoeli, romelic Cvens sofelSi Semodis, mag kiTxvas svams.

aziis sazRvarze vcxovrobT, SexedulebiTac vgavarT da albaT fiqroben, rom

qalebi daCagrulebi ariano. magram Cven pirvel rigSi qarTvelebi varT da qalis

fasi kargad viciT, isini iseTive uflebebiT sargebloben, riTac Cven, abso-

luturad Tanasworuflebianebi varT. Cven meuRleebi varT da uRelSi orivem

Tanabrad Tu ar gaiwia, ise saqme ar gakeTdeba. Cems meuRles rom sxva, Cemgan

gansxvavebuli azri hqondes, me dRes èlkanas~ wevri ar viqnebodi. Cems ojaxSi

mefutkreobas Cemi meuRle uZRveba, me mxolod damxmare muSis rols vasruleb

am SemTxvevaSi. ojaxSi Tu qals ZaRli ar uyvars, kaci ZaRls ver iyolieb, Tu

kata ar uyvars, katas ver gaiCen.

qalebi ra saqmi-

anobas ewvian

meurneobaSi?

2003 wels Cvens sofelSi Semovida èlkanas~ saTemo mobilizebis jgufi,

daTo, aleko, qeTi, mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi gvswavlobdnen, gvesaubrebodnen

soflis sxvadasxva saWirboroto sakiTxebze da ukve 2004 wels SevZeliT

soflis mTavari satkivaris gadawyveta: èlkanas~ daxmarebiT da soflis

mondomebiT gavakeTeT dmanisis masStabiT grandiozuli proeqti, romelic

dResac salaparakod aqvT raionSi, me Tavis qeba ar minda, magram TiTqmis

arnaxuli proeqti ganxorcielda. davrwmundi, rom Turme sakuTari mondomebiTac

SeiZleba saqmis gakeTeba. maSin rom raionis gamgeobas da wyalmomaragebis

sammarTvelos daewyo am saqmis gakeTeba, biujetidan 40-50 aTasi dolari

dasWirdeboda. Cven ki mokle droSi da SedarebiT mcire TanxebiT (èlkanam~

mogvca 9 aTasi lari, 29 aTasi laris Rirebulebis milebi gadmogvca gamgeobam

uzurfruqtis wesiT da 2 000 lari gadmogviricxa, sofelma Tavis wilad 2 aTasi

gviambeT Tqven

sofelSi gakeTebul

sarwyav sitemaze


Cveni biomeurneebi

4545

lari Seagrova da sakuTari fizikuri Sroma Cado) SevZeliT sami soflis ter-

itoriaze gagvetarebina 5 km sigrZis sarwyavi magistrali da gagvesarwyavebi-

na 250 ha saxnav-saTesi. xolo Semdeg, raxan sarwyavi sistema gakeTda, ukve

saWiro gaxda mis mdgradobaze zrunva da Sesabamisad CamovayalibeT sairiga-

cio sistemis asociacia.

wina wlebi SedarebiT naleqiani iyo da Sesabamisad didi datvirTva ar hqo-

nia, magram wels ukve gvalvebma gvaCvena misi aucilebloba, wels daaxloebiT

20 ha moirwyo, zogma erTi nakveTi ramdenjerme morwyo da Zalian kmayofilebi

arian. asociaciaSi gvyavs gamgeobis 5 wevri, gamgeobis gadawyvetilebiT

davaweseT droebiTi gadasaxadi - 2000 m2 farTobis morwyva Rirs 7 lari erTi

wlis ganmavlobaSi, mniSvneloba ar aqvs, ramdenjer moirwyveba. es sawyis

etapze, imitom, rom garkveuli saremonto samuSaoebia Casatarebeli. samomavlod

vapirebT aviyvanoT ramdenime merue, romlebic moawesrigeben wylis ganawile-

bas. Seiqmneba samuSao adgilebi, iqneba buRalteri, daraji iqneba saTave

nagebobaSi, daaxloebiT 7 kaci dasaqmdeba sofelSi.

piriqiT, mezobeli azerbaijanuli sofeli Zalian kmayofilia; iq am sarwyavi

sistemiT sargebloben da daaxloebiT 4 ha miwis nakveTs rwyaven, pirvelad maT

gamoiyenes Cveni sarwyavi sistema. xalxi Zalian kmayofilia imiT, rom am

proeqtma gaamarTla. Cemi soflis uxucesebma wamiyvanes da maCvenes is adgili

saidanac 60-ian wlebSi Cvenma sofelma sasmeli wyali gamoiyvana, mezobeli,

azerbaijanelebiT dasaxlebuli soflidan, am wylis gamoyvanis dros or sofels

Soris didi konfliqti yofila. raikomis mdivnis doneze gadauwyvetiaT prob-

lema Semdegnairad: wylis erTi mesamedi wamoiyvana Cvenma sofelma, im sofels

ki ori mesamedi darCa, romelic dResac mdinareSi iRvreba. raxan Cvens soflebs

Soris kargi urTierToba damyarda, ukve SesaZlebelia imaze fiqri, rom es

darCenili wyalic Cveni soflisaken mivmarToT. es urTierToba ki imis gamoa,

rom maT Cveni sarwyavi sistemidan vasargeblebT, 4 ha miwisaTvis 4 onkani

davuyeneT, raTa nakveTebis morwyva SesZlebodaT.

sarwyavi sam

sofelze gadis. xom

ar Seqmnis es prob-

lemebs?

Tavidan gaTvlili iyo imaze, rom wyali sofelSi Semogveyvana da Semdeg

TviTdinebiT ganawildeboda nakveTebSi, magram Sida arxebi Zalian cud

mdgomareobaSia, amitom wylis miwodeba soflis mTel farTobze jerjerobiT

gaZnelebulia. Tan pirveli welia, rac morwyva daviwyeT, sofelSi saubaria

debetis naklebobaze, sofeli SiSobs, rom arsebuli wylis debeti ar eyofa am

farTobebs, ra Tqma unda, mdinarec rom miuSva nakveTebze, erTdroulad isic

ki ar eyofa mosarwyavad, Tu wesrigi ar iqna daculi da grafikis mixedviT ar

moirwyo.. rac Seexeba debets, sarwyavi sistema saTaves iRebs mTaSi mdebare

tbidan, romelic adre 1400 ha-s rwyavda, da 250 ha misTvis araferi ar aris, es

tba dResdReobiT gayidulia, ra Tqma unda, misi mflobeli SemosavliTaa dain-

teresebuli, Tu mosaxleoba miwas morwyavs da Sesabamisad gadaixdis, Tavis-

Tavad tbis mesakuTresac garkveuli Semosavali eqneba. samomavlod vapirebT

muSaobas Semdegi principiT: marti-aprilis TveSi glexisgan Semova ganacxadi

asociaciaSi, Tu ramden heqtarze Tesavs sarwyav kulturebs, da ramdenze

monokulturas (xorbali, qeri) romelsac naklebad esaWiroeba morwyva. faqtiurad

asociaciam Tavidanve unda gansazRvros saWiro wylis miaxloebiTi raodenoba,

raTa winaswar movelaparakoT tbis mepatrones da Sedges morwyvis grafiki.

Sesabamisad moxdeba am yvelafris gaangariSeba da amis Semdeg ganisazRvreba

morwyvis fasebic.

ra farTobs rwyavT?

Tavidan 250 ha-ze

iyo gaTvlili...

biomeurne 2 (13) 20064646

Cveni biomeurneebi

Tu adamiani sofelSi cxovrobs da miwas amuSavebs, 2000 m2 miwis farTobi

daaxloebiT 1000 lar Semosavals iZleva, mourwyavi miwa ki mesamed mosavals

iZleva, aqedan gamomdinare, misTvis 10 an 15 lari araferi ar aris; samomavlod

vfiqrobT aseve gavawesoT gadaxdis ramdenime varianti: Tu glexi gazafxulze

gadaixdis Tanxas, maSin mas mouwevs, pirobiTad vTqvaT, 10 laris gadaxda,

xolo Semodgomaze ukve 15 lars gadaixdis.

mosaxleobas SeuZlia

gadaxda?

`ziaris~ menejerma gagvacno sakredito kavSiris muSaobis sqema, mogvewona

da 56 kacma CamovayalibeT sakredito kavSiri "mija" (es Cveni soflis Zveli

saxelia), davdeT 50-50 lari, `ziarma~ Tavis mxriv dagvimata 17 000 lari. kred-

itebis gacema daviwyeT 20 Tebervlidan da dReisdReobiT gacemuli gvaqvs kred-

itis saxiT 12 000 lari. sasoflo sameurneo samuSaoebisaTvis gavcemT 300-

300 lars. xalxi kmayofilia da me vfiqrob, rom am wlis bolosaTvis es 56

kaci 116 kacamde mainc gaizrdeba. marTalia, glexisaTvis 300 lari patara Tanxa

ar aris samuSaoebis Casatareblad, magram vfiqrobT, rom momavalSi es Tanxa

1000 laramde gavzardoT. dResdReobiT gacemulia 40 krediti. aris iseTi xalx-

ic, romlebic am kreditis imedze arian SeSis sayidlad, an bavSvebis

skolisaTvis mosamzadeblad

ras gvetyviT glexTa

sakredito kavSiris

Sesaxeb?

kidev erTxel minda madloba gadavuxado èlkanas~, masTan urTierTobiT

bevri rame viswavle da bevri megobari SeviZine. viyavi saqarTvelos sxvadasx-

va mxareSi - gurjaanSi, samcxe-javaxeTSi, ozurgeTSi, mcxeTaSi, adre sul sxva

warmodgena mqonda, Cems sofelSi ambobdnen, rom sofeli rkinis madanzea

gaSenebuli, cud pirobebSi da cud regionSi varTo, aqedan gamomdinare, mec guli

mqonda ayrili Cems sofelze, magram rac sxva regionebSi vnaxe, aRmoCnda, rom

Cemi sofeli maTTan SedarebiT Zalian mdidari yofila. marTali yofila

gamoTqma, sadac ara varT, yvelgan kargi mgoniao. rodesac davbrundi sofelSi

ganvucxade Tanasoflelebs, rom Turme Zalian magar adgilze gvicxovria, erTad

davdgeT, movuaroT aqaurobas da yvelafris gakeTeba SegviZlia. qalaqi axloa,

sarwyavi gvaqvs, produqciac aris da bazaric.

èlkanas~ wevrebs vusurveb imas, rasac sakuTar Tavs: kidev da kidev cod-

nis amaRlebas, sakuTari meurneobis warmatebiT gaZRolisaTvis saWiro codnis

miReba aucilebelia, da rac mTavaria, ar unda SeeSindeT siaxleebis, ufro

gaaqtiurdnen da yovelTvis gamonaxon dro sxvadasxva kontaqtebis dasamyare-

blad. me TavSi vTqvi, rom èlkanas~ wevrobiT didi fuli ar miSovia, magram

mosaxleoba xedavs, rom Cemi meurneoba ufro da ufro stabilurad viTardeba,

amitom sofelSi ukve bevri mbaZavs da èlkanaSic~ wevriandebian.

ras usurvebdiT elka-

nas wevrebs

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biomeurne S i n a a r s i BIOFARMER - Elkana...fermerTa uflebebis dacva PROTECTION OF FARMERS RIGHTS...

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