Folie 1 > Vortrag > AutorDokumentname > DatumDokumentname > 23.11.2004
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und RaumfahrtLilienthal-Oberth e.V.
Welcome&
Good EveningJoachim Szodruch
DLR
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
The DLRGerman Aerospace Research Center Space Agency of the Federal Republic of Germany
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
100 Years DLR
1907 Göttingen
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Köln
Lampoldshausen
Stuttgart
Oberpfaffenhofen
Braunschweig
Göttingen
Berlin-
Bonn
Trauen
HamburgNeustrelitz
Weilheim
Bremen-
Sites and Employees
5900 Employees
27 Research Institutes and scientific-technical facilities in
13 sites,
Offices in Brussels, Paris and Washington.
Participation in:European TransonicWind Tunnel (ETW)German – DutchWindtunnels (DNW)
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Mission
Research portfolio ranging from basic research to innovative applications and the products of tomorrowOperating large-scale research facilities for DLR’s own projects and as a service provider for its clients and partnersSupporting, educating the next generation of scientistsAdvisory services to government
To open up new dimensions for exploring the earth and the universe, for protecting the environment and for enhancing mobility, communication and security:
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Budget 2007 1.303 Mio.€
276
176
557
294
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Space Agency Research and Operation
German ESA contribution Instututional FundingNational Space Program Third Party Funding
Alle Angaben in Mio. Euro
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Research and Operation in 2007473 M€
50%
35%
8%
7%
Space
Aeronautics
Transport
Energy
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Space
Extension of „end-to-end“-Capability in Earth MonitoringExtension of Radar TechnologyEnhancement of Mobility by Communication and NavigationTele Medicine and Material Research on ISSExploration of PlanetsReusable Space Transport SystemsExtension of Robotic Systems by focussing on Space Applications
Support of Research & Development in German Space Industry
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
EBULA
Alert!
Transportation
Researching the VehicleAerodynamicsLightweight constructionEnergy ManagementVehicle dynamics designMechatronicsCrash simulation
Researching the Transportation SystemAir- and space borne monitoring of landscape and traffic ways by sensors,Positioning and navigation via GALILEO,Infrastructure independent communication technologies,Simulations.
Exploiting Aerospace Synergies For Ensuring Mobility, Protecting the Environment And Improving Vehicle Safety
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
EnergyConcentration on Topics with Relevance to Industry and exploiting Aerospace Synergies
Efficient and low emission „fossile“ Power Plant (Turbo-Engine, Combustor)Solar Power Plant, Storage of Solar PowerLow- and High Temperature-Fuel CellsSystem Analysis and Technology Assessment
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Aeronautics
Air Transport System Concepts and AssessmentEnergy and Cost EfficientAircraftEfficient and low Emission Aero EnginesSafe and Efficient Air Transport SystemThe Future Helicopter
Leading Partner forResearch in National Aeronautical Industry
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Material Tests
Tower-Simulator
Ground Vibration Test
Rotor-Test Rig
Combustor Test Rig
●●●
• Fundamental Research• Material Characterisation• System Identification• Numerical Codes and Validation
• Process Simulation• Component Test• Industrial System Test
Experimental &Simulation Research
Fuel Cell Lab
Cockpit-Simulator
CASE Simulation
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
DNW Wind Tunnel
DNW:Deutsch- NiederländischeWindkanäle
Common operation of 10 wind tunnels in Germany and the Netherlands
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
European Transonic Windtunnel ETW
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
ATone Integrated Simulation & Test Facilities
4 CockpitSimulators
ExperimentalCockpit
2 Radar Simulations
6 Test Aircraft
3 Apron & Tower
Simulators
Command&
ControlSimulator
3 Datalinks
Ext. Facilities
e.g. Cockpit in Bln, A-SMGCS in BWE (Testbed) & HAM
(Operational)
Quick Integration & Validation of prototypes
and products
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
13 Aircraft as Research and Test Platform
ATTAS FHS
Flight Mechanics / ControlATM
AerodynamicsAtmosphere / Environment
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
DLR System Know How in Research
Flight-Guidance
Aerodynamics& Flow Techn.
Robotics & Mechatronics
Materials /Structures
MaterialsResearch
Structures & Design
Fiber Comp.Adaptronics
Air Transport &Airport ResearchCombustion-
technologyPropulsion-technology
Propulsion /Combustion
Communicat. Navigation
Aerospace MedicineAero-
elasticity
AircraftSystems
FlightSystems
TechnicalThermodyn.
TechnicalPhysics
Air Transport Air Transport SystemSystem
((ConceptsConcepts & Evaluation)& Evaluation)
AtmosphericPhysics
Flight Dept.
Design O
ffice
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Association of European Research Establishments in Aeronautics
Main objectives:- to promote and represent the joint interests of its members
(a.o. through joint participation in EU Framework Programmes)- to intensify the co-operation between its members, aimed at
further integration
DLR in Europe
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
DLR
System System OrientedOriented Research PortfolioResearch PortfolioFocus Nat. Research Focus Nat. Research NetworkNetwork
EducationEducation of High Potentialsof High PotentialsEuropean Key European Key PlayerPlayer
DLR Summary
Folie 20 > Vortrag > AutorDokumentname > DatumDokumentname > 23.11.2004
Air Transport System of the Future
Are we ambitious enough in our goals?
Joachim SzodruchDLR
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
“Heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible.” - Lord Kelvin, 1895“The individual modes of transport such as the car will be substituted with a battery-run vehicle that is set on mechanical legs and does not leave an imprint on the ground. It neither damages the grass nor needs asphalted streets.” - Andrej D. Sakharov, 1983 (Father of the Russian Hydrogen Bomb)
The Risk of Technical Prognoses
Vision
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Hypersonic Waverider
Flying Wing
Air
Cushion Vehicles(550kph own tracks)
VariableSweep
Auto. Control/Artificial Stability
Laminar Flow
Passenger Airlineswithout
seat reservation
Aircraft Service Life:
10-15 Years
ComputerNetworks
Supersonic Long-haul
Mach: 2.5-3.5
Supersonic Inland Travel
in the USA
VSTOL-Scheduled
Services
The world in 1985 from view of experts in 1964
In the past everything was better …… even the future
Visions of the past
New Scientist, 1964M.J. Lighthill, Director RAE. Satre, Tech.Dir. South-Aviation
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Visions of the Past… 1987
Source: Euromart, 1987
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Visions of today
Engine Concepts and Integration
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Source: Out of the box workshop
Lufttransport der Zukunft – Perspektiven und Anforderungen
Ideen für die Zukunft?
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Development Global Mean Temperatur
Recent News
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Recent News
Oil Price Development
2008
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Recent News
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Recent News
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
A complex system with opposing interests of the various stakeholders
Air Transport System
Introduction
AirportsMaintenance
Airlines
Industry
Passengers
Politics
Agencies
Society
Air Traffic Control
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
A complex system with opposing interests of the various stakeholders
Air Transport System
Introduction
AirportsMaintenance
Airlines
Industry
Passengers
Politics
Agencies
Society
Air Traffic Control
Employment
Profit
Safety and Security
Low Fares, Comfort
Market Shares
Environmental Protection
Economic Growth
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
2000 2025 2050
GlobalWarming2 to 3°C
Limit of Economically
AvailableOil
1 Flight/Yearper Capita
In PRC11.September
2001
New TravelStandards
Multi-Modal
Transport
IncreasingAlliances
GlobalizationVision2020
IATA-ProjectCO2-neutral
Air Transport2050
Branson:US$3 billion
Program
New NoiseStandardsChapter 4
New NoiseStandardsChapter 5
Global EnvironmentAgreement
EuropeanEmission-
Trading
SESAROperation
Capacity Limit of Airports
EarthPopulation
9 bn.
Number ofAircraftDoubled
Lackof
Engineers /Scientists
Introduction
Mega-CityConcentration
Potential Drivers in Aeronautics
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
3X capacity increase99% of flights within 15 min of scheduleLess than 15’ min waiting time in the airport for short distanceflights
The Efficiency of the Air Transport System
Reduced passenger airfaresIncreased passenger choiceModernized freight operationsReduced time to market by 50%
Quality and Affordability
Reduction of CO2 by 50%Reduction of NOx by 80%Reduction of external noise by 50%Substantial progress towards ‘Green MMD’
The environment
Reduction of accident rate by 80%Drastic reduction in human error and the consequences
Safety
Airborne – terrorism preventionAirport – prevention of unauthorized access (persons or products)Air navigation - safe control of hijacked aircraft
Security
Vision 2020
Challenges and Associated Goals
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Level ofService
Opportunities
Introduction
Capacity Safety
Efficiency
Ecology
Economy
Security
Education /Young Engineers
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
ManufacturingProcesses
Introduction
Ecological Challenges
LandUse Emissions
Ecology
Recycling
Maintenance
Noise
CO2 NOx
Soot
Contrails
CO2
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
CO2-Reduction: Parameters of Influence
~Trip FuelDistance
SFCM∞
WL/Dx
21%Equipment/
Systems
31%Structure
37%Fuel
Weight11%
Pay Load
Medium Flight Efficiency
10000ft
Cruise Altitude
Technology
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
CO2-Reduction: Parameters of Influence
~Trip FuelDistance
SFCM∞
WL/Dx
31%Structure
Weight11%
Pay Load
Medium Flight Efficiency
10000ft
Cruise Altitude
Technology
ThermalEfficiency Spec.
Fuel-Cons. Propulsion
Efficiency
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
CO2-Reduction: Parameters of Influence
~Trip FuelDistance
SFCM∞
WL/Dx
21%Equipment/
Systems
31%Structure
37%Fuel
Weight11%
Pay Load
Medium Flight Efficiency
10000ft
Cruise Altitude
Technology
ThermalEfficiency Spec.
Fuel-Cons. Propulsion
Efficiency
3%Interference
Drag
35%Induced
Drag
55%Viscous
DragDrag
3%Parasitic
Drag4%
Wave Drag
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Aircraft Specific Technology
Systems(Fuel Cell)
-3% CO2
SyntheticKerosene
WeightReduction 15%
(Primary Struct.)-5% CO2
Weight Reduction 30%
(Primary Struct.)-15% CO2
FlowControl-5% CO2
Laminar-Flow
-15% CO2Configuration
-5% CO2
Enginewith
-60% NoxEngine with
-15% CO2
Enginewith
-35% CO2
Systems
Engine
Structures
Aerodynamics
-50% CO2 -100% CO2
2010 20502000 2020 2030 2040
Systems-5% CO2
Technology
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Flight Guidance
Operation
Operation Related Technology
SESAR-12% CO2
„Free-Flight“-6% CO2
Formation-Flight
-10% CO2
Air Refueling(Long Distance)
-25% CO2
Efficiency.Airlines 10 Years
-2% CO2
-50% CO2 -100% CO2
2010 20502000 2020 2030 2040
4 DRoute
Planning-3% CO2
Technology
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
A pioneer in work on object-oriented programming and windowing graphical user
interface design
(Alan Kay)
Research
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
TheDLR Research Programme
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Main Areas of Research at the DLR (2007=170 M€
Politik
Flight Physics
25%
ATM &Airports
20%
Air TransportConcepts
Engine15%
AircraftStructures
10%
Weather &Climate
10%
Systems& Cabins
10%
Aerodynamic Systems and Flight Guidance, Virtual Aircraft
and new ConfigurationsFlexible Aircraft
Virtual Engines Propulsion Techniques
Turbines, Fans, Combustion Technology,
ValidationAir Transport ManagementHuman FactorsAirport Security
Low emission Noise impact, Wake vortex
Efficient airport traffic
Materials, Structures,Simulation and Validiation
Rotorcraft10%
DLR-Research Program
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Systems
DLR Envisaged ContributionReference Vision 20202000 2006
Engine
Structure
Aerodynamics
2013
Fuel Cell
Laminarity/Laminar Flow
Fan Design-5% CO2
CFK(Black Metal)
Fuel Cell3% CO2
Concept-Integration (Gear-Fan)-15% CO2
CFK-4% CO2
Laminarity/ LamiarFlow
15% CO2
DLR-Research Program
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Antares DLR-H2 and A320 ATRA
Technology – Examples
Aim:demonstration of fuel cells as on-board power supplyfor aviation.
Up to -8% CO2 for short haulWeight reduction (1t for A330)500t less kerosene per A/C (A320) and year
Fuel Cell Research
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
ANTARES DLR H2
Specifications DLR H2
Wing Span 20m/65,6ft
Weight Fuel Cell System ca. 60kg/130 lb.
Range > 750km
Max. Power Fuel CellSystem ca. 25kW
Continuous Power FuelCell System > 20kW
Max. Ceiling>>4000m/>>12000ft
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
ATRA – Fuel Cell Demonstrator ILA 2008
• Cooperation with Airbusfor MEA or AEA: „Green Airliner“
• Qualification of Fuel Cells in Flight• Regular „Ground Demos“:
• Electrical Supply of „blue“ hydraulicpump
• Moving control surfaces• Demonstration of operational
parameters for active fuel cellsystem
• Milestone: Certified Infrastructur in rear cargo belly for installation of a fuel cell system
• Ongoing Research:• Powered landing gear
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Structures: Composite Fuselage New Generation
Technology – Examples
Goals:weight reduction (10-30%)cost reduction (40%)
new materialssmart design methods optimised structuresimproved simulation accuracy and safety issues
Production technologies
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Aerodynamics: LamAiR
Technology – Examples
LamAiR addresses laminar flow topics complementary to national or European research programmes
Goals:Design a forward swept wing Design (and fly) an optimal (systems, aero) hybrid laminar low vertical tail for the DLR ATRADesign (and fly) a natural laminar flow lifting surface to conduct basic research to understand laminar/turbulent transition in transonic flight
More than -16% CO2due to laminar flow drag reduction
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
AMAN/DMAN-0,5% CO2
2000 2006
ATM
Airport
The DLR Contribution to Optimizing Operations/ATM (Reference: Vision 2020)
AMAN/DMAN-1,0% CO2
TaxiManagement
-0,5% CO2
TaxiManagement
-1% CO2
2013
DLR-Research Program
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Air Traffic Management
Technology – Examples
Direct Extensions
TMA Interface Total 2006
Extension (%) 4,0% 1,9% 5,9%
Extension per Flight 32,9 km 15,7 km 48,6 km
Additional Distance 298 M km 143 M km 441 M km
Additional CO2 Emissions 3,2 M t 1,5 M t 4,7 M t
Quelle: Eurocontrol, Performance Review Report 2006
SESAR goal• -10% CO2 until
2020
Hamburg – Toulouse:• 52,8 NM difference
between airways and “direct routing”
• -6,2% CO2 for a A330-300
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
General A-SMGCS Benefits:More Safety
- 1 RWY Incursion / Day / EuropaMore Efficiency
- 1…4 min Taxi Time / FlightLess Noise and Emission
- 5t Fuel / h / Runway
Goals Hamburg:operational A-SMGCSTest Platform for R&D
A-SMGCS at Hamburg Airport
Pilot- & Vehicle Assistance
Controller Assistance
Partner
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Technology Potential at DLR for Reducing CO2
(Reference Vision 2020)
Politik Air TransportConcepts
2006- 10% CO2
DLR-Research Program
2013-35% CO2
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Principal Timeframe of Aircraft Production 2000 - 2050
2010 20502000 2020 2030 2040
Technology Impact Fuel Burn
Replacement Airbus 320Replacement Airbus WB
Replacement Boeing WBReplacement Boeing 737NG
Airbus 380Airbus 350
Boeing 787
Boeing 747-8
A300/A310Airbus 320
Airbus 330Airbus 340
Boeing 777B767
757
B747Boeing 737NG
Tech-nology
Standard2015
to2020
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Technology Impact
Politik
Mathematics&
Statistics
Prognoses&
Predictions
Traffic Growth between 5% and 3,5%
Load Factor
Service Life
PAX / Freight and Combi-Aircraft
Blockfuel
Average Seat Calculation
Distance pro hour
Flight-hours per Aircraft
Considered Aircraft Types:
Classic and New Generation,
Prognoses
How much technology do we really need?
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Old Fleet
Fleet Development 1990 - 2050
Technological Impact
Number of New
Aircraft in OperationTotalFleet
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
2000 2010
300
100
0
200
Index (100 = Year 2000)
2020 2030 2040 2050
400
500Without NewTechnologies
With NewTechnologies
-50% CO2ACARE
ModerateGrowth
Scenario
-50% CO2Aircraft &- 2% Ops.-10% ATM
25% Biofuel
Technology Impact – Extrapolation 2000 - 2050
Transport Capacity
Fuel consumption = CO2
Only CO2 neutral !
Technology Impact Fuel Burn
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
50 dB Isophone
DLR-SK
Average Noise Intensity at Frankfurt Airport
- 10 dB
Overall Results for 2020
ACARE aircraft can half the noise carpet even in a traffic growth scenario.
However, the aircraftmust be available and introduced into themarket.
Operational procedurescan fill the gap whenolder aircraft are still operated.
Technology Impact Noise
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Modification of Noise SourcesTechnology Impact Noise
Mod. SlatSupport
Struts
Mod. SlatTrailing Edge
Long Cowling& Forced
MixingLarge Rotor-Stator Sep.
Engine /Geared Fan
Intake Liner
Landing GearFairing
Sealing ofInboard
Flap Gap
Sealing ofFlap Gap
Mod. FlapTrailing Edge
Closed FlapTip Cavity
Closed SlatTip Cavity
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
Noi
seR
educ
tion
[dB
]
- 10 dB10
5
0
Year
Technology Steps- 3 dB
- 5 dB Development of AverageNoise Level
Noise Technology development
DLR Technologies (2013)Fan Design 2dBSlat and Edges 3dBChevron Nozzles 3dBActive Noise Contr. ?dBGeared Fan 5dBOper. Proc. (CDA) 3dBConfiguration 5dB
Technology Impact Noise
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Technology Potential at DLR for Reducing Noise(Reference Vision 2020)
Politik Air TransportConcepts
2006- 2/3 dB
DLR-Research Program
2013-5/7 dB
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
QSTOL
Complete System Concept for 2020with a 50% Fuel Emission Reduction
DLR – Virtual Integrated Product (VIP)
Some typical technology issues:– Engine concepts– Low drag aerodynamics– Light weight structures– Low noise design and
procedures– Optimised high lift system – City airport operation– Climb performance– Cruise operation– Pilot assistance systems– Short turn-around time– Airport passenger flows– Reduction of development times– ………
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Environmental issues:• Emissions• Noise / Sonic boom• Atmospheric radiation
Supersonic Transport Challenges II
Configuration Concepts• Computer modelling• Operational and • Infrastructural aspects
Supersonic EU-Programms• EUROSUP• EPISTLE• HISAC
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Mach 4 SST Concept – LAPCAT I (EU)
Range &payload
16,000km200 passengers
Design aim Propulsion
Comments
Closed concept
Engine, that could change its bypass ratio during flight
Selection of the optimum flow distribution
The fuselage with a total length of 103m; the wing span 54m.
Example Supersonic Transport
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Hypersonic Transport Goals
Highly Customer
Oriented ATSPassenger Choice• Improve travel time by more than 4 times
Design and Development• Capacity about 200 to 300 seats• Range 7000 to 9000 nm• M ~ 5 to 8
Operation• Improve productivity by 4 times
CDG
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Mach 5 HST Concept – LAPCAT I (EU)Range &payload
18,000km300 passengers
Design aim Propulsion
Comments
Closed concept
Pre-cooled engine based on liquid hydrogen fuel
Advantage of negligible CO2 emissions
Low NOX emission is difficult to achieve due to the increased air enthalpy resulting from the combustion chamber temperatures
Fuselage with a total length of 140m; the wing span 41m
Hypersonic Transport Concepts I
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Mach 6 HST Concept – ATLLAS (EU)
Range &payload
7,000km200 passengers
Design aim Materials
Comments
Preliminary concept
High temperature metallic or ceramic based airframe with turbo-ramjet combined engines
Sonic boom emission below Concorde values
Required runways compatible with today airports (2.5km)
The fuselage has a total length of 100m; the wing span almost 40m
Hypersonic Transport Concepts II
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Mach 8 HST Concept – LAPCAT (EU)
Range &payload
16,000km300 passengers
Design aim Propulsion
Comments
Closed concept
Waverider planform with improved characteristics in subsonic and transonic
Complex liquid hydrogen based propulsion system of three different types: rocket ejector; ram- and scramjet
The fuselage has a total length of 91m; the wing span almost 62m
Hypersonic Transport Concepts III
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Mach 9 Space Liner Concept –LAPCAT I & FAST 20XX (EU)
Range & payload
17,000km50 passengers
Design aim Propulsion
Comments
Preliminary concept
Vertically launched rocket powered two-stage space vehicle
No atmosphere pollution with nitrogen oxides since it not uses air
Low sonic boom since most of the trajectory is sub-orbital
The fuselage has a total length of 63m; the wing span almost 40m.
Space Transport Concepts
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
High Speed TransportIssues to be adressed
Research on critical technological topicsDemonstration sub-systems
Market forecast / interestPAX benefitsViable business caseDOC vs productivity vs Mach numberEconomic operationEcological impactImpact on transport systemPolitical support
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
Vision 2020
Summary and Outlook
The ACARE Vision goals for future air transportare very ambitious,but not sufficient in the long-term „green scenario“. They do not de-coupled traffic and fuel consumptionand further related technologies are not readily available.Further noise reduction technologies are available
We need to foster creativity and innovationFocussed research activities required for critical issuesEnabling technologiesInfrastructurePioneering researchEducation / Young Professionals
Can we afford ………..not to wait for the technological window of opportunity?……..to miss the economical window of opportunity?…… not to develop a sustainable air transport system?
SzodruchAUS Tour 2009
www.dlr.de
“In light of the fact that humanity is not able to learn from past mistakes we can not afford to make mistakes in the future.” -
Ernst Ferstl