Future of Diesel - Cenex · Focus Germany –Stuttgart / NO2 Limit value NO2 [µg/m3] Annual limit...

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Future of DieselLow Emission

Low Fuel ConsumptionRealized with affordable Technology

A. KufferathPowertrain Solutions, Engineering System Diesel Powertrain

Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart

Low Carbon Vehicle Event | LCV-cenex 2018 | 12th - 13th September 2018


Air Quality and EmissionsAgenda / Content

The presentation has been prepared and provided for informational purposes only and strictly on a non-reliance basis.

View on NO2 ambient air quality situation at Stuttgart “Am Neckartor”

Bosch EU6-RDE testing conditions and demonstrator

EU6-RDE on-road measurements

Transfer of emission results to ambient air quality situation at Stuttgart “Am Neckartor”

2


Focus Germany –Stuttgart / NO2

Limitvalue

NO2

[µg/m3]

Annual limit 40

Peak limit200(hour value)

Allowed peekexceedances

18 hours

3

Air Quality in Europe

EU-Regulation

In general overall regressive trend for NO2 in GermanyNO2 show only local hot spot exceedances in bigger cities with very dense traffic – no global challenge

Situation @ Stuttgart

Hot spot Stuttgart “Am Neckartor”

AQ - measurement station with:• 70.000 vehicles / day • located at kerbside• few air exchange

1 2 3 4 5 6

Contributions

20

40

60

80

0

PC Diesel

PC Gasoline

LCV + HCVBackground traffic

Background NON traffic

NO2 [µg/m3]

Valu

es 2

015,

LUBW

and

UBA

78

NO2 [µg/m³]

Hot spots with exceedance

73

62

60

58

58

58

56

56

55

Sour

ce: U

BA 2

018,

NO

2va

lues

for y

ear 2

017

0 20 40

München

StuttgartKöln

Reutlingen

Düren

Hamburg

Limburg

Düsseldorf

Kiel

Heilbronn

Ann

ual l

imit



Bosch EU6-RDE Testing ConditionsTest Cases on Roller Dyno and Public Road

0255075

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500t [s]ve

loci

ty [k

m/h

]


Challenge Cycle (Bosch internal)

altit

ude

[m]

-300-200-1000100

050

100150200

0 400 800 1200 1600

velo

city

[km

/h]

P1 P2 P3

torq

ue

engine speed

torq

ue

engine speed

torq

ue

engine speed

t [s]

P1 P2 P3

Bosch

Stuttgart urbantrack

Bosch

Stuttgart track

velo

city

[km

/h]

t [s]0 500 1000

150

100

50

4

Transport for LondonWLTC


Technology for DemonstratorDiesel Powertrain Strategy - Combination of Measures


Engine 1.7 l / 4 cylPower 110 kWTorque 340 NmPressure 2200 barEGR LP + HP

CRS 2 (2500 bar) + NCC, DI-SCR, VVT?, catalyst technology? and layout, Electrification

Overall system engineering for continuous reduction in emissions

5

EU6-RDE step 1 - 2017/19cf = 2.1NOX: 168 mg/km

EU6-RDE step 2 - 2020/21cf = 1.0 + 0.5NOX: 120 mg/km

EGR system

SW / ECU

Turbo charger

EGT

Additionalcomponents

?

FIE

2013-

2016

2016-

2018

On the way to cf << 1 started2018

✓

✓ SCRDPF

DO

C

AdBlue

SCR+

CuC

lpEG

R


0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Strecke_int [m]0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Strecke_int [m]0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Bosch EU6-RDE Testing ConditionsBosch Stuttgart Urban Track, Improved Warm-up Management


6

Test track: Stuttgart urban trackDistance: 16 kmAltitude gain: ≈ 1200 m/100 km

Test mass: 1550 - 1850 kgEGT: agedTest cond.: cold start only

Status March 2017 - - -

1Warm-up dominatesemissions

1 2

Acceleration @not optimal

EGT temperature

2

3

High load @ not optimal EGT

temperature

3

NOx[g]

distance (km)

Status August 2017 - - -


Bosch Stuttgart Track How measurements were made

Urban < 60 km/h Rural 60–90 km/h Motorway 90–145 km/h

Each part must cover about 1/3 of total distance and more than 16 km, total duration: 90 – 120 min.Separate evaluation of total trip and urban part

includingcold start


Urban Rural Motorway

Bosch internal test:“Stuttgart Track”

Covering of normal traffic situations:

InclineCold start Driving dynamicsPay load

7


EU6-RDE On-Road MeasurementsBosch Stuttgart Track


SCRDPF

DO

C

AdBlue

SCR

+C

uC

lpEG

R

SCR

Test track: Bosch Stuttgart TrackDistance: 86 kmAltitude gain: 840 m / 100 km


driving style smooth, calm (senseless) dynamic

8

0

40

80

120

160

200

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

NOx[mg/km]

v * apos 95

Euro 6d-temp; cf = 2.1

Euro 6d; cf = 1.0 + 0.5

6 – 24°C

-2 – 4°C

start / ambienttemperature

NOx RDE total trip, average: 13 mg/kmNOx urban part only, average: 26 mg/km

cf = conformity factor


Highway 90 – 145 km / hRural 60 – 90 km / h

inclusive cold start


road gradient

cold start

vehiclepayload

driving dynamics

City < 60 km / h

Most relevant for air quality is urban part

EU6-RDE On-Road MeasurementsFocus Bosch „Stuttgart Urban“ Track

16 km

Stuttgart Urban Track

9

Bosch Test: „Stuttgart Urban“, very challenging boundary conditions

alltemperatures

up to max.payload

1200 m / 100 km(upper limit)

wholerange


EU6-RDE On-Road MeasurementsFocus Bosch „Stuttgart Urban“ Track


Test track: Stuttgart urban trackDistance: 16 kmAltitude gain: ≈ 1200 m/100 km


10

driving style (senseless) dynamicSmooth, calm

Dynamic index > regulation limits

0

40

80

120

160

200

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Euro 6d-temp: cf = 2.1 (current)

Euro 6d: cf = 1.0 + 0.5 (from 2020)

v * apos 95

Start-/ambient temperature15 23 °C5 11 °C 1 4 °C-6 0 °C

cf = conformity factor

NOx[mg/km]


EU6-RDE On-Road MeasurementsEmission situation of demo vehicle @ “Am Neckartor”

The presentation has been prepared and provided for informational purposes only and strictly on a non-reliance basis

Bosch Diesel Demonstrator in front of LUBW monitoring station „Am Neckartor“

11


Transfer of Emission Results to Air QualityEmission and Air Quality Simulation


12

Traffic situationtraffic volume & flow

per route section

Fleet compositionincl. fleet renewal

source: TREMOD, Ifeu

Emission factorsper vehicle type

source: HBEFA 3.3

VehicleEmissions

per route sectionand vehicle type

Emission Model Air Quality / Immission Model

Meteorologicalparameters

wind velocity, wind direction, sloar radiation,

temperature

RESULT: Air quality / NO2

per route section

Concentrationsincl. background pollution

NO2, NO, O3

140 thermochemical and 21 photo-chemical reactions taken into account


Transfer of Emission Results to Air QualityNO2 Air Quality Calculation for Stuttgart “Am Neckartor”


Σ 87

NO

2Ai

r Qua

lity

Con

tribu

tions

[μg/

m3 ]

20

40

60

80

100

0-

status2015

EU Limit 40 μg/m3

PC Diesel

PC Gasoline

LCV + HCV

Urban traffic background

Urban NON traffic background

The reduction of NOX emissions will result in neglible contribution of Diesel PC to air quality

Σ 30

Scenario BDiesel EU6-lab limitGasoline 20 mg/km

Σ 22

Scenario C„Close to Zero“

10 mg/km

13

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Future of Diesel - Cenex · Focus Germany –Stuttgart / NO2 Limit value NO2 [µg/m3] Annual limit...

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