Android Real-Life Architecture

transcript

Real-Life Architecture

@mobileLarson @_openKnowledge

Lars Röwekamp | CIO New Technologies

Real-Life Architecture Android 4+

MTC2013

Eigentlich ist ja alles ganz einfach ...

MTC2013

Eigentlich ist ja alles ganz einfach ...

MTC2013

... auch wenn es kompliziert(er) wird.

MTC2013

... auch wenn es kompliziert(er) wird.

Real-Life ArchitectureMTC2013

Splash Overview Share

Preferences

Android 4+

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Wo liegt das ...

Problem?

Es war einmal eine App ...Real-Life Architecture

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Splash Overview Share

Preferences

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Anforderungen easy Version

‣ klassische Android Anwendung‣ Kunden CI und White Label‣ Anbindung von (Web) Services‣ Vorlieben/Einstellungen merken‣ Time-to-Market

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Anforderungen eXtended Edition

‣ Smartphone & Tablet Support‣ Android 2.3 & Android 4.x Support‣Multi-Language Support‣Multi-User Support‣ Localization Support

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Anforderungen Directors Cut

‣ Daten immer aktuell‣ Daten auch offline ‣ Daten auch für Dritte‣ batterieschonend ‣ ... und natürlich „Top Security“‣ ... und natürlich „Top Usabillity“

... und die hatte eine ArchitekturReal-Life Architecture

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... und die hatte eine ArchitekturReal-Life Architecture

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Let‘s go

‣ klein starten‣ schrittweise erweitern‣ stets lauffähig und sinnvoll

‣ Refactoring ist ein Zeichen von Stärke

MTC2013 Real-Life Architecture

Schritt 1: POI senden

Schritt 1: POI sendenReal-Life Architecture

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POI senden Best Practices

‣ UI und Logik trennen‣ Kommunikation in eigene Lib auslagern‣ „Application not Responding“ vermeiden

Real-Life ArchitectureSchritt 1: POI senden

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Code Diving ...

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POI senden Pitfalls

‣ Network on Main Thread‣ Strict Mode

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POI senden Pitfalls

‣ Network on Main Thread‣ Strict Mode

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Netzwerkzugriff seit 4.x nur via ...

MTC2013class PostToFriendFinder extends AsyncTask<Void, Integer, String> {

// Invoked on the background thread immediately after onPreExecute() // finishes executing. Performs background computation that can take // a long time. The parameters of the async task are passed to this // step. // @Override protected String doInBackground(Void... params) { try { getFriendFinder().sharePointOfInterstVisit(poi, note); return "Sending point of interest visitation was successfull."; } catch (FriendFinderException ex) { return "Sending point of interest visitation failed."; } } @Override protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) { ... }

@Override protected void onPostExecute(String result) { ... }

// Invoked on the background thread immediately after onPreExecute() // finishes executing. Performs background computation that can take // a long time. The parameters of the async task are passed to this // step. // @Override protected String doInBackground(Void... params) { try { getFriendFinder().sharePointOfInterstVisit(poi, note); return "Sending point of interest visitation was successfull."; } catch (FriendFinderException ex) { return "Sending point of interest visitation failed."; } } @Override protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) { ... }

POI & Note?

private PointOfInterest poi; private String note; public PostToFriendFinder(PointOfInterest poi, String note) { ... } // @Override protected String doInBackground(Void... params) { try { getFriendFinder().sharePointOfInterstVisit(poi, note); return "Sending point of interest visitation was successfull."; } catch (FriendFinderException ex) { return "Sending point of interest visitation failed."; } } @Override protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) { ... }

MTC2013// onClick handler to collect input data, create a new Point of Interest// and share it async via related service public void onClick(View view) { float latitude = ...; float longitude = ...; String note = ...;

// create new point of interest PointOfInterest poi = new PointOfInterest(longitude, latitude, 0.00F);

// create async tasks to communicate with the cloud service new PostToFriendFinder(poi, note).execute();

MTC2013// onClick handler to collect input data, create a new Point of Interest// and share it async via related service public void onClick(View view) { float latitude = ...; float longitude = ...; String note = ...;

// create new point of interest PointOfInterest poi = new PointOfInterest(longitude, latitude, 0.00F);

// create async tasks to communicate with the cloud service new PostToFriendFinder(poi, note).execute();

Schritt 2: Einstellungen merken

Schritt 2: Einstellungen merkenMTC2013

Einstellungen merken Best Practices

‣ Einstellungen zentral verwalten‣ Einstellungen gruppieren ‣ UI zur Bearbeitung bereit stellen‣ Settings Design Guide beachten

Schritt 2: Einstellungen merkenMTC2013

Einstellungen merken Best Practices

‣ Einstellungen zentral verwalten‣ Einstellungen gruppieren ‣ UI zur Bearbeitung bereit stellen‣ Settings Design Guide beachten

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Einstellungen merken Pitfalls

‣ Hierarchie von Einstellungen‣ Einstellungen können sich ändern‣ Zugriff auf Einstellungen an mehreren Stellen

‣ Android 2.x vs. Android 4.x

Real-Life ArchitectureSchritt 2: Einstellungen merken

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Einstellungen via ...

Preferences

MTC2013<PreferenceScreen xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">  <PreferenceScreen android:key="button_voicemail_category_key" android:title="@string/voicemail" android:persistent="false"> <ListPreference android:key="button_voicemail_provider_key" android:title="@string/voicemail_provider" ... />  <PreferenceScreen android:key="button_voicemail_setting_key" android:title="@string/voicemail_settings" android:persistent="false"> ... </PreferenceScreen> <RingtonePreference android:key="button_voicemail_ringtone_key" android:title="@string/voicemail_ringtone_title" android:ringtoneType="notification" ... /> ... </PreferenceScreen> ...</PreferenceScreen>

MTC2013public static class SettingsFragment extends PreferenceFragment { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

// Load the preferences from an XML resource addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preferences); } ...}

public class SettingsActivity extends Activity {

@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

// Display the fragment as the main content. getFragmentManager().beginTransaction() .replace(android.R.id.content, new SettingsFragment()) .commit(); }}

MTC2013public class FriendFinderApplication extends Application implements OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener {

SharedPreferences preferences; ...

@Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); this.preferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);

// recommanded in onResume (register) / onPause (unregister) this.preferences.registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this); // use preferences to initialize app data ... } ...

@Override public void onSharedPreferenceChanged(SharedPreferences sharedPreferences, String key) { // force reload of preferences and reinitialization of global data ... }}

Ok, aber wofür brauche ich dann

noch die PreferenceActivity?

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Code Diving ...

Schritt 3: POIs abgleichen

Schritt 3: POIs abgleichenReal-Life Architecture

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POIs abgleichen Best Practices

‣ POIs regelmäßig abgleichen‣ POIs so aktuell wie möglich halten‣ POIs im Hintergrund laden

Real-Life ArchitectureSchritt 3: POIs abgleichen

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POIs abgleichen Pitfalls

‣ regelmäßig‣ aktuell‣ im Hintergrund

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Hintergrundaufgaben via ...

Service

MTC2013public class UpdaterService extends Service {

private Updater updater; ... public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { ... } public void onCreate() { ... } public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) { .. } public void onDestroy() { ... }

private class Updater extends Thread {

public Updater() { ... }

public void run() { UpdaterService updaterService = UpdaterService.this; while (updaterService.running) { try { ... // do some work Thread.sleep(DELAY); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { updaterService.running = false; } }

MTC2013public class UpdaterService extends Service {

private Updater updater; ... public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { ... } public void onCreate() { ... } public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) { .. } public void onDestroy() { ... }

private class Updater extends Thread {

public Updater() { ... }

public void run() { UpdaterService updaterService = UpdaterService.this; while (updaterService.running) { try { ... // do some work Thread.sleep(DELAY); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { updaterService.running = false; } }

Real-Life Architecture Starten & Stoppen?

Online vs. Offline?

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Code Diving ...

Schritt 4: Offline-Modus

Schritt 4: Offline-ModusReal-Life Architecture

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Offline Modus Best Practices

‣ POIs via Online-Modus abgleichen‣ POIs für Offline-Modus speichern‣ POI UI aktuell halten

‣ Datenzugriff kapseln ‣ Datenzugriff optimieren

Real-Life ArchitectureSchritt 4: Offline-Modus

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Offline-Modus Pitfalls

‣ Online vs. Offline ‣ Read vs. Write ‣ UI aktuell halten

‣ Testen

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Daten verfügbar machen via ...

SQL & Adapter

PoiVisitations

username, name,

AdapterFROM TO

username tx_username

... ...

<Row-Layout />

</ListView>

<Row-Layout />

</Linearlayout>

t_timestamp

tx_name

tx_note

res/layout/row.xmlres/layout/mylist.xml

src/MyAdapter.java src/MyDbHelper.java

public class PositionOverviewActivity extends Activity {

Cursor cursor; ListView listView; PositionOverviewAdapter adapter; FriendFinderData friendFinderData;

static final String[] FROM = { ... }; static final int[] TO = { ... };

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_position_overview); // lookup list view listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_position_overview);

// lookup data friendFinderData = ((FriendFinderApplication) getApplication()) .getFriendFinderData(); } ...}

public void onResume() { super.onResume(); cursor = friendFinderData.getPoiVisitations(); // start managing the cursor startManagingCursor(cursor); // created special adapter adapter = new PositionOverviewAdapter(this, cursor); listView.setAdapter(adapter); } ...}

public void onResume() { super.onResume(); cursor = friendFinderData.getPoiVisitations(); // deprecated in Android 4.x startManagingCursor(cursor); // created special adapter adapter = new PositionOverviewAdapter(this, cursor); listView.setAdapter(adapter); } ...}

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Das kleine Loader 1x1

‣ asynchrones Laden von Daten‣ verfügbar in Activities und Fragments‣ Content-Change-Monitoring der Datensource‣ Reconnection zu vorheriger Position

‣ CursorLoader (für ContentProvider)‣ Loader oder AsyncTaskLoader

MTC2013// Activity implementing Loader Callbackspublic class MyActivity extends Activity implements LoaderManager.LoaderCallback<Cursor> {

@Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); ... adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(...) setListAdapter(adapter) getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this); } ...

... // loader was created and is ready to work public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args){ // set content provider query URI etc. ... // access content provider return new CursorLoader(this, cpQueryUri, projection, where, whereArgs, sortOrder); } ...}

... // loader finished loading - data is available public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> l, Cursor c){ adapter.swapCursor(c); }

// loader was reseted - its data is unavailable public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> l){ adapter.swapCursor(null); }}

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Loader und ...

‣ Content Provider für Lau‣ SQLite via eigenem AsyncTaskLoader<Cursor>

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Und wie kann ich die DB Daten sehen ...

‣ DB liegt unter /data/data/[mypackage]/databases/[myapp].db

‣ DB Copy auf den Rechner ‣ SQLiteManager PlugIn für Eclipse

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Code Diving ...

Schritt 5: Mobile Intelligenz

Schritt 5: Mobile IntelligenzReal-Life Architecture

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Mobile Intelligenz Best Practices

‣ POIs nur senden/abfragen, wenn Internet‣ POIs nur senden/abfragen, wenn Strom‣ UI aktualisieren, wenn neue Daten‣ ...

Real-Life ArchitectureSchritt 5: Mobile Intelligenz

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Mobile Intelligenz Pitfalls

‣ POIs im günstigsten Moment abfragen‣ Umgebungsänderungen feststellen‣ Zugriffe ausreichend absichern

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Mobile Intelligenz via ...

BroadcastReceiver

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Was sind Broadcast Receiver?

‣ Publisher-Subscriber-Pattern‣ Observer-Pattern

‣ App / System sendet Nachricht‣ Broadcast Receiver hört auf Nachricht

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Was helfen uns die Broadcast Receiver?

‣ Service starten sobald Device gebootet ist

‣ auf Internet-Verfügbarkeit reagieren ‣ auf Batteriestatus reagieren

‣ auf neue POIs reagieren

public class BootReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { private static final String TAG = BootReceiver.class.getSimpleName();

// start update service after system start automatically @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { context.startService(new Intent(context, UpdaterService.class)); Log.d(TAG, "onReceived"); }}

‣ Service starten sobald Devices gebootet ist

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />

public class NetworkReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { // check if network is available boolean isNetworkDown = intent.getBooleanExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NO_CONNECTIVITY, false); if (isNetworkDown) { context.stopService(new Intent(context, UpdaterService.class)); } else { context.startService(new Intent(context, UpdaterService.class)); } }}

‣ auf Internet-Verfügbarkeit reagieren

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />

public class PositionOverviewActivity extends BaseActivity { static final String SEND_LOCATION_UPDATE_NOTIFICATION = "de.openknowledge.mtc.ff.SEND_LOCATION_UPDATE_NOTIFICATION"; ...

class PositionOverviewReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { LoaderManager lm = getLoaderManager(); lm.restartLoader(0, null, PositionOverviewActivity.this); } }}

‣ auf neue POIs reagieren

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />

<uses-permission android:name="de.openknowledge.mtc.ff.SEND_LOCATION_UPDATE_NOTIFICATION" /> <uses-permission android:name="de.openknowledge.mtc.ff.RECEIVE_LOCATION_UPDATE_NOTIFICATION" />

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Code Diving ...

Schritt 6: Externer Datenzugriff

Schritt 6: Externer DatenzugriffReal-Life Architecture

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Externer Datenzugriff Best Practices

‣ Content Provider zur Datenbereitstellung‣Widget / App zur Datennutzung

Real-Life ArchitectureSchritt 6: Externer Datenzugriff

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Externer Datenzugriff Pitfalls

‣ Lesen vs. Schreiben‣ Security Defaults‣ Android 2.x vs. Android 4.x

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Daten verfügbar machen via ...

ContentProvider

Öffentlich?

Lesen vs. Schreiben?

<provider android:name =".PositionProvider" android:authorities ="de.openknowledge.mtc.ff.poi" android:exported ="true" android:readPermission ="de.openknowledge.mtc.ff.poi.READ_DATA" /> ...

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Code Diving ...

Schritt 7: Standorte anzeigen

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Standorte anzeigen Best Practices

‣ Interaktive Karte‣ eigenen Standort hervorheben‣ Detailinfos beim „Anklicken“‣ User Controlls

Real-Life ArchitectureSchritt 7: Standorte anzeigen

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Standorte anzeigen Pitfalls

‣ Google Maps v2‣ Google Play Service‣ Emulator

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Standorte anzeigen via ...

GoogleMaps API v2

Schritt 7: Google Maps API v2

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Google Maps v2 Pitfalls

‣ API laden via Google Play Service‣ Google Maps API Key generieren‣Manifest.xml anpassen ‣Map Fragment „bauen“‣Map Activity implementieren

Schritt 7: Google Maps API v2Real-Life Architecture

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‣ API laden via Google Play Service‣ Google Maps API Key generieren‣Manifest.xml anpassen ‣Map Fragment „bauen“‣Map Activity implementieren‣ ... sie sehen, sie sehen nix (im Emulator)

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‣ API laden via Google Play Service‣ Google Maps API Key generieren‣Manifest.xml anpassen ‣Map Fragment „bauen“‣Map Activity implementieren‣ ... sie sehen, sie sehen nix (im Emulator)

adb -e install com.google.android.gms.apk

adb -e install com.android.vending.apk

MTC2013

Code Diving ...

@mobileLarson @_openKnowledge

Lars Röwekamp | CIO New Technologies

Android Real-Life Architecture

Technology