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Wieso ‘Being Bad’ ein ganz natuerliches
Phaenomen ist: 13-jaehrige Jungen zum
Thema: ‘Was Maedchen wollen’
clark university
department of psychology
worcester, ma, usa
michael bamberg
kurz-geschichte 1 kurz-geschichte 2‘Small story’: “Kevin, how
disgusting!” --- gestern war ‘SGAD’ – und ich hab Kevin reingelegt
POSITIONIERUNG (a) gegenüber Mädchen und
Kevin(b) gegenüber Vic und
Moderator(c) gegenüber ---‘normativer Heterosexualität’---‘political correctness’ (‘fine
tuning’ zwischen ‘obnoxious’ + ‘okay’)
---‘being bad’ (was es heisst ein ‘schlimmer Junge’ zu sein)
‘Small Story’: “My Mom was like: ‘Do I know you?’” --- wie ich mich aus der Affäre ziehen konnte
POSITIONIERUNG(a) gegenüber Judy + Mom
(Mädchen + Lehrer)(b) gegenüber V und M(c) gegenüber ---Heteronormativität---‘political correctness’ (‘fine
tuning’ dessen ‘was erlaubt ist’)
---normativer männlicher Sexualität (durchaus ambivalent)
“Kevin, how disgusting!”
• Gestern war ‘SGAD’• Ich hab nem
Maedchen in den Po gekniffen und Kevin die Schuld in die Schuh geschoben
• Was fuer ein Wimp Kevin ist!
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My Mom was like: ‘Do I know you?’
• Judy tried to challenge me and my Mom came
• Girls say ‘don’t do it’, but they want it done
• The whole school did it
• Teachers approve• What if girls turned
the tables on us?
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The Project• 5-year-long pilot project of 10-15-year-old males
<lower class children> <3rd year> <300h of audio + video of 54 boys in the first year>
• Cross-sectional + longitudinal data <10-, 12-, & 15-years of age>
• DATA: • Observational• Writing• Interview• Group discussions• After-school non-adult guided interactions
• TOPICS: -friends, -girls, -emotions/body, -future
Maedchen + Jungen im Vergleich
Three Kinds of Narrative Approaches to the
Study of Self and Identity
• Life-Story Approaches• Life-Event Approaches• “Small” Stories
– Short narrative accounts– Embedded in every-day interactions– Unnoticed as ‘stories’ by the participants– Unnoticed as ‘narratives’ by researchers– But highly relevant for identity formation processes
Life-Stories + Life-Events
• Life-Stories– Dan McAdams (1993)
+ Gabi Rosenthal (1998)
– Elicitation Technique
– Analysis of lives
– Focus on coherence + health
• Life-Events– Most narrative research
– Elicitation is focused on particular events or experiences
– Analysis of focused area
– Meaning of event in one’s life
Merits of narrative ‘life research’life-history + life-event approaches
• Accentuates and brings to light lived experience • Forces participants to focus on the meaning of
THAT event in their lives• Accentuates the continuity of experience
• And sheds light on aspects that appear discontinuous
• Assumes a unified sense of personal identity -- against which ‘experience’ is constantly sorted out
potential shortcomingsor open questions
• How does this ‘unified sense of self’ come to existence?– How does the person ‘learn’ to “sort out”
events against what is called ‘life’?
• Overemphasis of stories about the ‘self’– Cutting out all those stories about others
• Overemphasis of ‘long’ stories– Cutting out everyday, “small” stories
why?
• Influences of ‘traditional’ psychological inquiry– Interests in selves + self-coherence
• Influences of traditional narratology – Work with texts (written texts)– Assuming authors as behind the texts– Assuming criteria of goodness for narratives
• Interviews as windows into selves
Narrative Dimensions(Ochs & Capps, 2001)
• Tellership• one active teller vs. many
• Tellability• high vs. low
• Embeddedness• detached from surrounding talk vs. situational embeddedness
• Moral stance• one moral message vs. different + conflicting messages
• Linearity & Temporality• closed temporal + causal order vs. open + spatial
Stories about others:the Davie Hogan story
Positioning with Davie Hogan. Stories, Tellings & Identities.
Chapter in: C. Daiute & C. Lightfoot (Eds.), Narrative analysis: Studying the development of individuals in society. London: Sage. (2003)
Characteristics of “SMALL” stories
• Short• Conversationally Embedded + Negotiated
• before• during• after
• Fine tuned positioning strategies– fine-tuned vis-à-vis the audience– fine-tuned vis-à-vis dominant + counter narratives– multiple moral stances (testing out and experimenting with
identity projections)
• Low in tellability, linearity, temporality + causality
Kurz-geschichte 1
“Kevin, how disgusting!”
QuickTime™ and aH.263 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aH.263 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Kurz-geschichte 2
“My Mom was like: ‘Do I know you?’”
Functions of “SMALL” stories
• Practice in doing identity work• Continuous editing of experience
– Retelling of experience
– Re-tuning these tellings according to• different audiences
• Different master-narratives
• different (developing) senses of ‘who-I-am’
• Resulting in some sense of coherence• though one that is constantly reworked
conclusion
• So, rather than assuming the existence of identity + sense of self – and viewing narratives as reflections thereof, I am suggesting to study the emergence of a sense of self by way of exploring the SMALL stories people tell in their EVERYDAY interactions