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EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 1
Dr. Marco Morosini, UWIS, ETH Zürich
Version: 100608 - 10H314
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 2
Dr. Marco Morosini, UWIS, ETH Zürich
BETTER INDICATORS FOR BETTER DECISIONS
Version: 100608 - 10H314
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 3
1) SHORTCOMINGS IN THE COMMUNICATION ON SUSTAINABILITY
2) ECO-EFFICIENCY INDICATORS
CONTENT
3) A METAINDEX OF DEVELOPMENT
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 4
1) Change towards sustainability needs more balanced communication on the positive and on the negative effects of consumption 2) Indicators of overall eco-efficiency are needed (wellbeing/resources use per person)
3) The aggregation of old indices offers new information
3 THESIS
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 5
„Progress was made. But change towards more sustainable technologies and lifestyles is too slow.“
1) SHORTCOMINGS IN THE COMMUNICATION ON SUSTAINABILITY
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 6
Joseph Stiglitz Nobel Prize for economics 2001 „...for its analysis of markets with asymmetric information”.!
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 7
ENVIRONMENT POPULATION
Scientists
Reporting agencies
(indicators)
Information media
Consumption
COMMUNICATION ON THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF CONSUMPTION
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 8
Vienna, Underground station, 16.2.2008
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 9
Vienna, Underground station, 16.2.2008
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 10
Tommaso Campanella, 1568-1639 „Sun City“
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 11
Milan, Central station, 19.5.2006
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 12
1. CHOSEN INFORMATION E.g.: book
2. OBLIGATORY PUBLIC SERVICE COMMUNICATION E.g.: traffic sign
Types of collective communication: NON COMMERCIAL
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 13
2. OBLIGATORY DISGUISED ADVERTISING E.g.: product placement
3. SEMI-OBLIGATORY ADVERTISING E.g.: almost all media
1. OBLIGATORY ADVERTISING E.g.: billboards
Types of collective communication: COMMERCIAL
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 14
TV advertising, USA, 1953
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 15
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 16
São Paulo, „Clean city“, 2007
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 17
INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABILITY - Many systems and initiatives (> 1000)
- Many indicators in each system (100-150)
- Little visibility and influence
- No funding for the communication
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 18
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 19
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 20
Dashboard of sustainability
Download (800 kB): http://esl.jrc.it/dc/index.htm
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 21
Where is the attraction of sustainability ?
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 22
THE OECD GLOBAL PROJECT „MEASURING THE PROGRESS OF NATIONS“ since 2004 “....fosters the development of sets
of key economic, social and environmental indicators and their use to inform and promote evidence-based decision-making.”
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 23
OECD PILOT PROJECT ON WELLBEING
- Pilot project for an international set of wellbeing indicators
- Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Bhutan. - Associate: Switzerland - Director: Dennis Trewin, Australia (ABS).
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 24
a) Physical eco-efficiency b) Monetised eco-efficiency
2) INDICATORS OF ECO-EFFICIENCY
c) Overall eco-efficiency
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 25
E.g. person-km / liter fuel > rebound effect (Jevons paradox)
2) INDICATORS OF ECO-EFFICIENCY
William Stanley Jevons, 1835-1882
- Micro-level. E.g. Business volume/energy - Macro-level. E.g. GDP/energy > ambigous at macro level; means/means ratio
a) Physical eco-efficiency
b) Monetised eco-efficiency
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 26
OECD Key Environmental Indicators (OECD, 2008)
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 27
RELATIVE ECO-INTENSITY ABSOLUTE ECO-INTENSITY
OECD Environmental Indicators 2005 (OECD, 2005)
Denmark
(Germany)
Luxembourg
energy per unit GDP energy per person
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 28
ENERGY INTENSITY PER PERSON „2000-watt society“
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 29
- European Environmental Agency, 1999: Wellbeing / Resource consumption (Type-D in the EEA typology A-B-C-D) - New Economics Foundation, London, 2006: Happy Planet Index HPI = Satisfaction x Life Expectancy / Ecological footprint
c) Overall eco-efficiency
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 30
OVERALL ECO-EFFICIENCY
Source: New Economic Foundation, 2006
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 31
3) A METAINDEX OF DEVELOPMENT
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 32
- 10 indices - 30 OECD countries (OECD)
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 33
The metaindex is based on the average of the country ranks in ten established indices.
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 34
A METAINDEX OF DEVELOPMENT - TEN INDICES
ISSUE INDEX 1 Human development Human Development Index
2 Wellbeing (humans and ecosystems) Wellbeing Index
3 Environmental sustainability Environmental Sustainability Index
4 Economic freedom Index of economic freedom
5 Economic competitiveness Global Competitiveness Index
6 Economic equality Gini Index
7 Information technology Networked Readiness Index
8 Corruption perception Corruption Perception Index
9 Press freedom Global Press Freedom Ranking
10 Gender gap Global Gender Gap
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 35
A) SMALL IS BEAUTIFUL: small population, low population density B) BIG IS NOT BRILLIANT: 5 of the G7 countries (yellow) C) LAGGARDS ARE HETEROGENEOUS:
four transition countries (green) three South-european countries (blue) three non European countries of recent industrialisation
A B C 1 Iceland 1 1 Austria 2 1 Czech Rep 2 Finland 1 2 New Zealand 2 2 Spain 3 Sweden 1 2 Germany 2 3 Hungary 4 Denmark 1 4 USA 2 4 Slovak Rep 5 Norway 1 5 UK 2 5 Italy 6 Switzerland 1 6 Luxembourg 2 6 Korea Rep 7 Canada 1 7 Japan 2 7 Greece 8 Netherlands 1 8 Belgium 2 8 Poland 9 Australia 1 9 France 2 9 Turkey 1 0 Ireland 2 0 Portugal 3 0 Mexico
RANK OF THE METAINDEX OF DEVELOPMENT (2006)
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 36
TOP FIVE COUNTRIES
- High income - High competitiveness - High environmental stewardship and performance - High taxes (45% of GDP)
A B C 1 Iceland 1 1 Austria 2 1 Czech Rep 2 Finland 1 2 New Zealand 2 2 Spain 3 Sweden 1 2 Germany 2 3 Hungary 4 Denmark 1 4 USA 2 4 Slovak Rep 5 Norway 1 5 UK 2 5 Italy 6 Switzerland 1 6 Luxembourg 2 6 Korea Rep 7 Canada 1 7 Japan 2 7 Greece 8 Netherlands 1 8 Belgium 2 8 Poland 9 Australia 1 9 France 2 9 Turkey 1 0 Ireland 2 0 Portugal 3 0 Mexico
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 37
Correlation with the Metaindex of Development
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1
Global
EcEqua
Income
EcFree
Gender
HumDev
WBeing
EcComp
PressF
InfTec
EnvSus
Satisf
Corrup
LOW CORRUPTION: BEST PROXI FOR DEVELOPMENT
Soft factors
Emerging issues
Economical factors
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 38
TWO CHAMPIONS: SWITZERLAND AND ITALY
Rank of the metaindex of development A B C
1 Iceland 1 1 Austria 2 1 Czech Rep 2 Finland 1 2 New Zealand 2 2 Spain 3 Sweden 1 2 Germany 2 3 Hungary 4 Denmark 1 4 USA 2 4 Slovak Rep 5 Norway 1 5 UK 2 5 Italy 6 Switzerland 1 6 Luxembourg 2 6 Korea Rep 7 Canada 1 7 Japan 2 7 Greece 8 Netherlands 1 8 Belgium 2 8 Poland 9 Australia 1 9 France 2 9 Turkey 1 0 Ireland 2 0 Portugal 3 0 Mexico
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 39
SOCIAL EFFICIENCY: DEVELOPMENT AND TAXES
Switzerland: Top development, low taxes (30% of GDP) Italy: Low development, high taxes (43% of GDP)
A B C 1 Iceland 1 1 Austria 2 1 Czech Rep 2 Finland 1 2 New Zealand 2 2 Spain 3 Sweden 1 2 Germany 2 3 Hungary 4 Denmark 1 4 USA 2 4 Slovak Rep 5 Norway 1 5 UK 2 5 Italy 6 Switzerland 1 6 Luxembourg 2 6 Korea Rep 7 Canada 1 7 Japan 2 7 Greece 8 Netherlands 1 8 Belgium 2 8 Poland 9 Australia 1 9 France 2 9 Turkey 1 0 Ireland 2 0 Portugal 3 0 Mexico
EidgenössischeTechnische Hochschule
Zürich
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de ZurichPolitecnico federale di Zurigo
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Marco Morosini, Zurich, 10.6.2008 40
„Fortunate is the the people That really cherishes the sense of the truth and the spirit of community“
Community hall of Zillis, Graubünden