Subject Page Nr. Front page 1 Table of Contents 2 Acronyms 3 Introduction 4 A. Establishment of plant clinics network 4 B. Operation of plant clinics 7 C. Operation of mobile plant clinic 9 D. Implementation of going public 11 E. Plant health camp 14 List of Table Table. 1: List of agricultural extension service providers (AESPs) of the plant
clinics network in Baraigram upazila of Natore district 15
Table. 2: Plant clinic-wise involved villages of the 12 plant clinics network in Baraigram upazila 16
Table.3: Plant clinic wise number of villages, groups, group coordinators and group members of the 12-plant clinics network in Baraigram upazila 16
Table. 4: Farmer groups and their members, coordinators, village name and plant clinic name 17
Table. 5: Plant clinics, name, venue, plant clinic space, service providers and CPD name 20
Table. 6: Community plant doctors (CPDs) their involved plant clinic, Designation, Organization, Address and mobile 21
Table. 7: Clinic day, time, space and venue of 12 plant clinics 22 Table. 8: Status of draft scientific fact sheets preparation on plant health problems 22 Table. 9: Plant clinic wise number of MPCs, participants, CPDs, GCs, specialists,
crops, problems, prescriptions and unknown problems of 37 mobile plant clinic (MPC) events
23
Table.10: Type of plant health problems diagnosed and recommended management practices at 37 mobile plant clinic (MPC) events 23
Table.11: Date wise number of crops, problems, prescription, unknown problems, CPDs and GCs of 37 mobile plant clinic (MPC) events 24
Table. 12: List of crops/plants investigated for health problems at 37 mobile plant clinic (MPC) events 26
Table. 13: Plant clinic-wise involved crop plants at 37 mobile plant clinic events 27 Table. 14: List of problems of four crops demonstrated at five going public events
under four plant clinics 28
Table. 15: Date, venue, PC, crop name, health problems, participants, prescriptions, CPDs, GCs and specialists of five going public events 29
Table. 16: Type of plant health problems demonstrated and recommended management practices at five going public (GP) events 30
2
Acronyms:
AAS Agricultural Advisory Society
CABI
GPC Global Plant Clinic
PHSi Plant Health Services initiative
AESP Agricultural Extension Service Provider
SP Service Provider
NGO Non Government Organization
DTW Deep Tube Well
DAE Department of Agricultural Extension
SAAO Sub-Assistant Agriculture Officer
PHS Plant Health Specialist
CPD Community Plant Doctor
PC Plant Clinic
MPC Mobile Plant Clinic
GP Going Public
PHC Plant Health Camp
GO Government Organization
UP Union Parishad
UAO Upazila Agriculture Officer
GC Group Coordinator
UK United Kingdom
JSUS Jagoroni Samaj Unnayan Sangstha
DM Deputy Manager
NBSML North Bengal Sugar Mills Ltd
3
Introduction Plant health clinic is a new approach to providing service on plant health problem to the rural farmers. The approach has been introduced to the farmers in Baraigram upazila of Natore district of Bangladesh by AAS with assistance from CABI Bioscience since 1 September 2006. In view of the objectives of global plant clinic (GPC), AAS has established a network of model plant health management clinic to ensure better plant health management services to the farmers in Natore district, so that they can enhance their crop production, reduce cost, increase income and remove the risk of crop failure due to pest and disease infestation. Based on the expected success AAS later intends to scale-up the approach in other parts of the country.
A. Establishment of plant clinics network The primary purpose of establishing a network of model plant clinics in Baraigram upazila is to test the plant clinic strategy to providing plant health care service to the farmers within the command area of the established plant clinics on long-term sustainable basis. Agricultural Extension Service Providers: From September 2005 to May 2006, AAS established a total 15-plant clinics network with 17 Agricultural Extension Service Providers
(AESPs) in Baraigram upazila of Natore district. During this reporting period from June to August 2006, however, three plant clinics and three agricultural extension service providers were dropped-out from the network due to their several demerits. Among the (14) AESPs, six are from educational institutes, three are from NGOs, two are private sector’s agri-input dealers and one each is from union parishad and DTW club. At the early stage of the project cycle DAE had placed 4 SAAOs with 4 plant clinics. Currently, one SAAO (Mehedi) from DAE established and involved with private sector fertilizer dealer at Rayna varot bazar, Baraigram. The primary function of the AESPs is to play leadership role in establishing and operating plant
clinic network in Baraigram upazila of Natore district. The project will also test the efficiency and usefulness of the involved AESPs for future operation of the plant clinics network. The best service providers will be selected at end of the project cycle for large-scale dissemination of the plant clinic strategy and concept in the country.
[Above] Mehedi, SAAO, DAE, Baraigram explains to Harun & Paula Nash about Garlic health problem.
Project village, group and coordinators: AAS has selected a total of 40 villages to operate a network of 12-plant clinics in Baraigram upazila of Natore district. Each plant clinic has a command area of one to six villages. There are six plant clinics that have a command area of 4 villages each. Every village has already formed group(s). During the first group meeting, the group members, in each village, have selected two coordinators for each group. In the selected 40 villages a total of 50 groups were formed with 1041 group members of which 872 are males and 169 are females (16.23%). After group formation and selection of group coordinators, the project plant health specialist (PHS) briefed the group members about the project and its activities. During the briefing, the [Above] Harun, ED, AAS speaks at group
meeting at Moukhara.
4
purpose of plant clinic network and action plan for implementation of plant clinic activities was also discussed. After group meeting, the plant health specialist of AAS carried out mobile plant clinic operations at several communities. 24 CPDs and 100 group coordinators from 14 AESPs in Baraigram upazila of Natore district have established all these 12 clinics. Description of methods of plant healthcare: Model plant healthcare facilities will render services to the communities in four different ways such as through establishing 1) stationary plant clinics, 2) mobile plant clinics, 3) plant health camp and 4) going public. The effectiveness of each of these methods in providing service to the communities will be evaluated at the end of the project cycle, and accordingly the best method(s) will be selected to provide services among the farmers on the plant health care within and outside the project areas in the country. A brief and comparative description of each of these methods is provided below. (i) Plant Clinic (stationary) is a permanent center where plant healthcare is available for
farmers within the command area of the established clinic. Farm families from the surrounding communities can receive this service without any charge. It is, however, a pull and top down approach to providing plant healthcare service to the farmers. Only the motivated farmers are expected to receive this service as per the schedules and time fixed for each venue. Farmers from the surrounding village(s) need to travel to the clinics to avail themselves of this opportunity, which may limit the participation of women farmers. It is also not good and financially effective for the group coordinators as the service is free and their involvement in the clinics will be purely voluntary.
[Above] Interaction between CPD/PHS and farmers during diagnosis and prescription of the plant health samples.
The method, nonetheless, is convenient, safe, and easily accessible to community plant doctors (CPDs), and plant health specialists (PHSs) as the venue is fixed. Participating farmers will have more opportunity for long time interaction with CPD/PHS. Documentation on plant health problems and their management practices will be easier for the project staffs, and the CPDs will have more time for preparations. But field visit would be difficult for PHS as well as collection of plant samples for further investigation would also be difficult. Group coordinators will have to travel a lot and spend more time to motivate the farmers to ensure their participation in the clinics.
(ii) Mobile plant clinic literally means a movable clinic where all clinical facilities are available. The facilities can be brought to any suitable locations of the communities based on their needs and demands. It is a push and bottom-up approach to providing plant healthcare service to the farmers. Group coordinators can arrange mobile plant clinics at their village for large number of farmers (male & female) within the shortest possible time. It is cost-effective for both farmers and their coordinators, but costly and time consuming for CPDs and PHSs as they require traveling to the communities. Farmers in this case can receive better service and can have more interaction with PHS/CDP. Visiting farmer's field and collecting sample for further investigation as well as documentation will be easier here.
[Above] Both male and female farmers at MPC.
5
(iii) Plant health camp is like a human eye camp, where investigation, diagnosis and prescription can be provided on particulars plant health problems by the national and
international plant health specialists. Farmers from surrounding villages can be invited to the camp through miking, social contact, group meeting at community etc. Thus, the invitation process is expensive compared with other methods. Overall cost of this method would be higher than that of all other methods. It is a pull and top-down approach to providing services. The venue of the plant health camp needs to be a good one, preferably a large campus of GO/NGO such as school, collage, UP office, NGO office etc., within the targeted area. [Above] Mr. Arshafuzzaman, ED, KGUK and Harun
speak at community meeting for motivation to attain at plant health camp (PHC).
This method has some opportunities for close interaction between farmers, and PHSs (national and international) considering the number of farmers attending the clinic. Farmers' traveling to plant health camp from surrounding villages is costly and time consuming. Traveling cost for CPDs to plant health camp is minimum, safe and accessible. Participation of group coordinators during plant health camp is not convenient and cost-effective. Female farmers' participation from the surrounding villages of the plant health camp is not convenient as well. Field visit for PHSs and plant sample collection for further investigation is not possible under this method. But it is easier for the project staffs as well as for the CPDs to make quality documentation of the problems and their management practices. (iv) Going public method that trains farmers in public places where large gathering is possible. The method can be used to demonstrate fixed plant health problem(s), and follow-up advice can be provided among the interested audiences. It needs less staff-time and transport costs are less than a trip to a remote village. The confident facilitators, who have expertise in selected plant health problems and have experience in community organizing, can provide better service to the farmers on plant health problems using this method. The method needs prior planning to organize gathering at the market places. The venue for "going public" should be an ideal place in the market as it requires decent display of the selected plant health problem(s). It is a pull and bottom-up approach to providing plant healthcare service to the interested farmers in a market place. It is a cost-effective extension method to train large number of farmers on selected plant health problems. Female farmers who are accustomed to traveling to local markets can easily receive this service. In this method farmers can receive plant healthcare service without further travel other than just to the market place. Visiting farmer’s field and plant sample collection for further investigation may not be possible. Documentation facilities will be moderate.
[Above] S.S. Hossain, PHS, AAS conducting going public at market place (Jonail bazar).
6
Establishment of plant clinics network: A total of 12-plant clinics has been established at 12 suitable locations, one in each location, within the 40 surrounding villages of Baraigram
upazila of Natore district. Each clinic has two-community plant doctors (CPDs) selected from each service provider with suitable premises for necessary operations and discussions. Each selected community has two coordinators to facilitate linkage and communication between farmers and the plant clinic. The project staff has developed awareness among the farmers including group members and coordinators about the purpose of plant clinic establishment at the campus of the selected service providers. Signboard design has been finalized through discussion with selective representatives of the service providers, and the chairman of the steering committee, Mr. S.M. Quamruzzaman, UAO, DAE,
Baraigram, Natore. All the 12 established plant clinics are now ready for operation.
[Above] Both male and female farmers at the awareness development group meeting.
B. Operation of plant clinics The purpose of the plant clinics operation is to provide quality service on plant health problems and their management to the farmers of the surrounding villages of the 12 plant clinics established at the permanent centres of 14 AESPs in Baraigram upazila of Natore district. At the beginning of this quarter (1 June - 31 August 2006), we discussed with the involved service providers about the weekly schedules of the plant clinics. All the service providers, along with their executive members appreciated the schedules. The meetings also discussed how to raise farmer’s awareness about the plant healthcare services as well as how to develop the skills and capacity of the community plant doctors (CPDs), and the project plant health specialist (Entomologist or Pathologist). According to the suggestion of service providers, which include the chairman of steering committee of plant clinic network, mobile plant clinic was conducted only in the selected communities to provide both plant healthcare services to the farmers, and develop their awareness about the weekly operations of the plant clinics.
[Above] Nurun Nabi, AAS speaks at the farmers' awareness development group meeting.
Farmers while receiving plant healthcare services from the mobile plant clinics are already noticed to be aware about the schedule of the weekly plant clinics. The mobile plant clinics have been observed to be practical learning venues for the PHSs and the CPDs. The operations of the mobile plant clinics and their close interaction with the PHS/CPD have largely inspired and motivated the group coordinators about weekly plant clinic in 37 communities during this reporting period.
7
Training as the role of the CPDs is very crucial to the plant clinic, they need to be skilled in delivering quality service to the farmers. Therefore, there is a need for developing their as well as their service providers’ capacities further. They need to be provided training on overall plant healthcare services. Such training should be on practical basis. To make the training low cost, it can be conducted at the Zonal office of AAS in Bonpara, Natore. Training would be conducted during the weekend and on public holidays, so that CPDs will have no problem to attend the training sessions. In this regards, AAS needs extra but modest financial support from CABI, Bioscience, UK. At the beginning of the phase-II of the PHSi project, there has been a large demand for information on plant health problems' diagnosis and their management. During the participatory planning workshop held on 6 May 2006, it was decided to prepare fact sheets in Bangla for the use of both farmers and scientist communities. The content of scientific (technical) fact sheet will be in details based on an individual plant health problem for the use of the CPD and PHS. Such type of fact sheets would be useful for CPD and PHS during the diagnosis of plant health problems and their recommendations at the plant clinics. This is a robust task since there are more than 50 important crop plants and there could be several hundreds important plant health problems. Farmers are very much eager to know the diagnosis and management practices of hundreds of plant health problems. As of today, a total of 83 scientific draft fact sheets on 7 different crops have been prepared on demand driven basis. Out of 83 draft scientific fact sheets, 45 are on diseases, 34 are on insects, and 2 each are on nematodes and other problems. Both the design and the contents need to be further validated by the relevant plant health specialists from national institutes. In this regards, AAS also needs financial support from CABI Bioscience, UK for preparation, printout, file-up and distribution among the trained CPDs of the involved service providers. Farmer's fact sheets preparation and distribution through trained group coordinators need to
be done during project cycle. AAS intends to prepare and distribute the farmer's fact sheet, which will be simple, less informative but will contain enough illustrations or photographs, and will be prepared in easy language, which can be used by farmers even with 5 standard of education. As per project plan, farmer fact sheets will be prepared by CPDs on the basis of demand from farmers in collaboration with the group coordinators under the overall supervision of PHSs of the project. In this regards, AAS again needs extra but modest funding support from CABI Bioscience, UK for preparation, printout and distribution of the fact sheets to the farmers in collaboration with involved service providers.
[Above] Quality photograph on anthracnose disease of Betel leaf is useful for farmers fact sheet.
8
C. Operation of mobile plant clinic Mobile plant clinic (MPC) has been arranged at the suitable locations of the involved villages to provide advice on plant health problems' diagnosis and their management practices to farmers (both male and female) as per their demand. According to the suggestion of the involved service providers and their community plant doctors (CPDs) mobile plant clinics were arranged at 37 locations, one at each village, of Baraigram upazila of Natore district, which were attended by a
total of 1057 farmers. Among them only 83 (8%) were female. Farmers attended the clinics with live specimens of plant health problems. Participation of female farmers in MPC was found more encouraging than in the other three methods being tested.
S.S. Hossain, PHS, AAS discusses with male farmer about his field crop health problem (Left) and delevering prescription to female farmer about her plant health problem from homestead at MPC (Right).
A total of 634 plant health problems were investigated by the project plant health specialist (Mr. S.S.Hossain) and the CPDs along with AAS staffs during these 37 MPC events in Baraigram upazila. Out of 634 investigated plant health problems, project plant health specialist (PHS) provided prescription for 498 (79%) plant health problems. The rest of the 136 (21%) problems
d e
[Above] Plant health problems: (a) Cadal disease of Banana, (b) Pod borer of country bean, (c) stem borer damage symptom ofSugarcane, (d) Mojaic virus of Okra and (e) Anthracnose of Pointed gourd.
edcb a
were unknown to them. Farmers at each location of the MPC brought, on average, 17 plant health problems, of which about 14 were diagnosed and prescribed by the PHS and the rest 3 were unknown to them. The highest number of plant health problems was brought at Ramagari clinic (95) while the lowest number of problem was brought at Moukhara clinic (27). To conduct mobile clinic operation in the 37 events, a total of 12 mandays for the CPDs, 54 mandays for the group coordinators (GCs), and 44 mandays for the specialists were recorded. In all these events participation of GCs was found more encouraging and satisfactory than that of the CPDs.
9
634 health problems were from 62 types of plants. Highest number of problems was found with mango plants (12) followed in order by coconut (11), jujube (10). Out of 634 investigated plant
health problems, highest number of problems was found with insects (253) followed in order by diseases (183), unknown samples (136), physiological disorders (47), and soil problems (16). Among the 183 disease problems, highest number of problems was found with fungi (114) followed in order by virus (38), bacteria (12) and nematode (11). Nematode problem on several plants was found to be very new to the farmers in Baraigram upazila. Based on our observation, many farmers are hesitant to believe problems with nematode. They think it is only human who can be attacked by nematodes. Thus, we would like to conduct "going public" on plant health with nematode at several market places in the coming
months to raise awareness on plant health problems with nematodes.
[Above] Unknown abnormalities of Sapota fruit trees from homestead and this sample needs further investigation.
According to the prescription provided for 498 plant health problems by the plant health specialist of the project, highest number of recommendation was found for using pesticide cum cultural practices (276) followed in order by pesticide only (73), cultural practices only (55), balanced fertilizers cum cultural practices (53), balanced fertilizers application only (23), and resistant crop variety (18). On Average 14 management practices were recommended at each MPC event. Female farmers mostly brought health problems of plants/trees grown on their homesteads while male farmers brought problems of field crops. The mobile plant clinic (MPC) was also a learning event on plant health problem diagnosis and management practices for plant health specialist (Mr. S.S. Hossain) of the project and the selected CPDs of the involved service providers.
[Above] S.S. Hossain, AAS explains about the management practices and preparing prescription of plant health problem from homestead of a female farmer at MPC.
10
The following procedure has been used to arrange mobile plant clinic operations (MPC) at the 37 venues of the project.
Mobile Plant Clinic (MPC): Process Planning Meeting
Finalization of strategies, methods and approaches for implementation of MPCs at each of the 50 communities of 40 villages of Baraigram upazila
Site Visit
Briefing with Agricultural Extension Service Providers (AESPs) and CPDs Visit involved villages/communities Discussion with GCs along with CPDs Community selection Venue selection for MPC MPC date and time finalization
Conduct Mobile Plant Clinic (MPC)
Fixing banner and seating arrangement Attendance of the farmers Introductory remarks by CPD/GC Documentation on plant health problem Diagnosis plant health problem Prescription on plant health problem Documentation on unknown problems Farmers' comments Field visit based on farmer’s demand In-field advice
D. Implementation of going public The concept of this method (going public) is the same as canvassing at market place to sell traditional medicines. It has a long history in Bangladesh. However, we first heard the name of going public method from Dr. Paul Van Mele, ex-farmer participatory research and learning specialist of CABI Bioscience, UK during his visit in Bangladesh in 2003 in connection with SHIP project. We learnt more about this by implementing the method in Moulvibazar and Habiganj districts under the leadership of Ms. Paula Nash, CABI Bioscience, UK in May 2003. We found going public is an efficient extension method to develop awareness among the farmers on selected agricultural issues. We, thus anticipate that the method can be used for providing informal training to farmers on the selected issue(s) at public places.
11
With the view of testing the effectiveness of the method, we organized going public events at five places with four crops under four-plant clinic in Baraigram upazila of Natore district during
June-August 2006. All the five going public events were organized in collaboration with four involved service providers and North Bengal Sugar Mills Limited. Among the four service providers, Mohammad Ali Siddique, Executive Director, JSUS being so curious about the method organized the events on the problem of Betel Leaf at two public venues in Jonail Union of Baraigram upazila. Betel leaf is a cash crop and Jonail is an important betel leaf growing area in Natore district. Mr. Siddique is a social worker. Being a brave freedom fighter he is well known to the farmers. He is also a model farmer. He requested us to organize more events. He is highly committed to conduct weekly plant clinic at the premise of his office and promised to provide all sorts of cooperation in this regards. He is expecting SAAO, DAE to contribute to the events along with Mr. S.S. Hossain, PHS, AAS.
[Above] Mohammad Ali, ED, JSUS speaks at the beginning of going public at Jonail bazar (Left) and Gopalpur bazar [Right].
Mr. Biman Krishna Roy, Deputy Manager (Extension), North Bengal Sugar Mills Ltd of Bangladesh Sugar Mills Corporation has about 20 years field experience on Sugarcane. His
practical knowledge about Sugarcane plant health problem diagnosis and health care is
Mr. Biman Krishna Roy, DM (Extension), NBSML provides advice and prescription on Sugarcane health problem like a professor at MPC, Bot Tala [Leaf] and going public, Shaheb bazar [Right] along with S.S. Hossain, PHS, AAS.
12
excellent. His advice on Sugarcane plant health problem management has been found highly valuable. He is highly impressed on our plant clinics concept and strategy. He is very much hopeful to see the plant clinic operation moves all over the country in future. He attended willing one going public and one mobile plant clinic events of Sugarcane. Both going public and mobile plant clinic on Sugarcane were implemented under his leadership. His field officers were also attended the events. He also provided us in field practical training on sugarcane plant health problems (Diseases and Insects) through sugarcane growers' field visit in several occasions. We consider Mr. Roy as a knowledgeable and exceptionally unique extensionist in public sector (autonomous). He has promised to edit the scientific fact sheets on Sugarcane plant health problems on practical point of view. In the five events, 22 problems, 9 from mango, 4 from banana, 5 from betel leaf, and 4 from sugarcane were demonstrated. Both the project plant specialists (Mr. S.S. Hossain) and Mr. B.K. Roy, DM, NBSML provided prescription for the diagnosed plant health problems. Among the problems 12 were related to diseases while 9 are infested by insects. A total of 194 prescriptions were provided during five going public events. 739 farmers who came to the markets attended the events. Among the farmers only 3 were
female. Eight schoolgirls visited two going public events on their way back from school. Participation of two female farmers was found very active on Betel leaf plant health problems at Gopalpur bazar. They grow betel leaf and thus wanted to know more about this. They were eager to know about foot rot disease of Betel leaf, which is a major problem in betel leaf field (called Boroj).
[Left] S.S. Hossain provides prescription on Betel leaf disease and insect problems to a smart female farmer at going public at Gopalpur bazar.
Out of 739 participants, the highest number of audiences attended at Jonail bazar on betel leaf (188) followed in order by Gopalpur bazar on betel leaf (164), Shaheb bazar on Sugarcane (153), Ramagari bazar on banana (134) and Ahamadpur on Mango (113). The plant health specialist provided 194 prescriptions, of which the highest number of prescriptions was provided at Jonail bazar on betel leaf (51) followed in order by Shaheb bazar on Sugarcane (48), Gopalpur bazar on betel leaf (40), Ahamadpur bazar on mango (32) and Ramagari bazar on banana (23). A total of 7 mandays for the community plant doctors (CPDs), 12 mandays for the group coordinators (GC) and 12 mandays for the specialists were recorded to conduct the events in five places.
[Above] Large number of Sugarcane farmers surrounded the PHSs to get advice and prescription on Sugarcane plant health problems.
Overall, the going public method is found to be an efficient method to provide advice on the diagnosis and management of selected plant health problems to large number of farmers within shortest possible time in a cost-effective manner. Thus, we intend to conduct more going public events on the important plant health issues in the next quarters.
13
The following procedures have been used to organize going public events at 5 different venues:
Briefing with AESPs Plot visit for confirmation of the selected plant health problems Discussion with CPDs/GCs/Farmers Problem sample identification Venue selection: Bazar/Space Going Public date and time finalization
Conduct Going Public
Sample collection Sample preparation Labeling of the prepared samples Set-up demonstration materials
Placement of soft board Fixing live sample with labeling Fixing brief description about problems and its management practices Fixing banner
Recoding attendance of the participants Introductory remarks by AESPs Presentation, question and answer by plant health specialist with audiences Documentation of the interested farmers/audiences Prescription for the most interested farmers/audiences
E. Plant health camp Plant health camps organized at 15 plant clinic venues from March to May 2006 provided more than 300 prescriptions on various plant health problems. The operation of plant health camp
was found to be costly and complex in many ways. On the other hand, similar service can be provided to farmers through organizing weekly plant clinic in a very cost-effective manner. The project, therefore, will not undertake any operation for pant health camp unless there is large demand from the service providers as well as from the farmer groups.
14
[Left] Harun, AAS delivers speech at the inaugural session of the plant health camp at Ahmedpur Collage-2, Baraigram, Natore.
Table. 1: List of agricultural extension service providers (AESPs) of the plant clinics network in
Baraigram upazila of Natore district
SL # Name of Service Provider Chief Executive (Name, Designation and Mobile
3 Soil Problem 16 1 4 Physiological Problem 47 2 5 Unknown Cases 136 4
Total: 634 18 B. Management Practices
1 Pesticide only 73 2 2 Cultural practices only 55 2 3 Pesticide cum cultural practices 276 8 4 Balance fertilizer application only 23 1 5 Balance fertilizer cum cultural practices 53 2 6 Resistant variety use 18 - 7 No advice 136 4
Total: 634 19
23
Table.11: Date wise number of crops, problems, prescription, unknown problems, CPDs and
GCs of 37 mobile plant clinic (MPC) events
Date PC name (Nr.) MPC venue (Village) Crops (Nr.)
