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Methanisierung von Biomasse –CNG/LNG über thermochemische
Verfahren
Dr. Reinhard Rauch
Vienna, University of Technology
Bioenergy 2020+
CNG/LNG as transportation fuel
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Problem: fuelling stations
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• 179 public fuelling stations with CNGin Austria
• 85 Biodiesel (pure)• 32 Ethanol (E85)• 35 LPG
• 1433 Gasoline Super• 1720 Diesel
• 1786 Electric fuelling stations!!!
Data from ÖAMTC
CNG App, almostfrom every carmanufacterer
Problem: Cars
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Gasoline: 28 different typesDiesel: 30 different typesCNG: 3 different typesPlug In Hybrid: only 1
Source:http://cc.volkswagen.at/nwapp/nws/ICC3/VW!de!!!V!!!/?&MGN=055&pk_campaign=Markenseite%20Modellstart&pk_kwd=Golf
Basics of SNG
CHxOy -> H2 + CO + CH4 + CO23H2 + CO -> CH4 + H2O
300-400°C,
Nickel catalyst
fluidised bed, fixed bed or slurryreactor
gasificationGascleaning(tars, sulphur)
Gastreatment(H2:CO ratio,pressure)
methanationGas upgrading(CO2, steam,H2 removal)
• High Efficiency
• Usability of product
• Robust synthesis
• Know how available
Gasifiers for BioSNG
BiomassGasification
Autothermal
Air
Hu: low
N2: high
H2: low
O2/H2O
Hu: medium
N2: zero
H2: high
Allothermal
H2O
Hu: medium
N2: zero
H2: high
CO2
Hu: medium
N2: zero
H2: medium
Folie 7
Biomass GasifierGas
Catalyst
CH4
Heat
Heat
100 %70–75 % 60–65 %
Energetic Efficiency of BioSNG Process Chain
Future: Wind-Gas
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R&D on BioSNG
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GoBiGas SwedenDemonstration in 20 MW SNGproduction
Dakota Gas USACommercial plant(uses lignite, not biomass)
BioSNG Güssing Austria Demonstration
Milena Gasification ECN, Netherlands R&D
Heat Pipe Reformer Agnion, Germany R&D
Fluidised bedmethanation
PSI, Switzerland R&D
Coal to SNG China Demonstration / Commercial
ECN, The Netherlands
• Milena Gasifiers +
• OLGA gas cleaning
• 25kW and 800kW gasifiers for R&D
http://www.biosng.com
Future:• Large SNG-plants (100 MW+)• 3 bcm/y in 2030 and 30 bcm/y in 2050• CNG break-through?• LNG for trucks, boats (and aircrafts?)• Combination with (petro)chemical industry with ethylene,
benzene, syngas co-products
rawgas
fluegas
air
biomass
pyrolysis
combustion
steamorCO2 or …
Heat Pipe Reformer
• Developed at TU Munich
• Pressurised gasifier at 5 bar
• Demonstration plant inGermany
Folie 12
BIOMASSBIOMASS--TOTO--SYNTHETICSYNTHETIC--NATURALNATURAL--GASGAS
CO + 3 H2 = CH4 + H2O
Gasification Concept of Dual Fluid
Steam Air
Additional
Fuel
Biomass
Gasification Combustion
Producer Gas Flue gas
Circulation
Heat
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Commercial FICFB Gasifiers
LocationUsage /Product
Fuel / ProductMW, MW
Start up Supplier Status
Güssing, AT Gas engine 8.0fuel / 2.0el 2002AE&E /Repotec
Operational
Oberwart,AT
Gas engine /ORC / H2
8.5fuel / 2.8el 2008Ortner
AnlagenbauOperational
Villach, AT Gas engine 15fuel / 3.7el 2010Ortner
AnlagenbauOn hold
Senden/UlmDE
Gas engine /ORC
14fuel / 5el 2011 Repotec Operational
Burgeis, IT Gas engine 2fuel / 0.5el 2012Repotec /RevoGas
Operational
Göteborg,Sweden
BioSNG 32fuel/20 BioSNG 2013Repotec /
ValmetOperational
California R&D 1 MW fuel 2013 Greg Operational
Folie 15
Biomass CHP Güssing
BioSNG PDU
Technikum:
• FT synthesis
• Mixed Alcohols
• Hydrogen
Fuelling StationGasifier
Results
December 2008: First conversion of product gas intorawSNG
June 2009: BioSNG at H-Gas quality produced
• June 24th : inauguration –CNG cars were fuelledusing BioSNG from wood
• June 2009 CNG-car wassuccessfully used for1000km with BioSNG
• Mothballed by end of 2009
• Recommissioning during2012-2015
Quality BioSNG
unit
Germany
DVGWregulation
G260
Austria
ÖVGW
regulation
G31
BioSNG
Wobbe Index [kWh/m³] 12,8-15,7 13,3-15,7 14,15
Relative density [-] 0,55-0,75 0,55-0,65 0,56
Higher heatingvalue
[kWh/m³] 8,4-13,1 10,7-12,8 10,7
Folie 18
• Dual fluidised bedGasifier (Güssing type)
• Fixed bed methanationfrom Haldor Topsoe
Technology
19IEA Bioenergy Task33 Meeting 11/2014 in Karlsruhe
Results Gasification
20IEA Bioenergy Task33 Meeting 11/2014 in Karlsruhe
Folie 21
Nice cars
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2Biomass to Hydrogen
New design of gasifier: G-Volution
no more limit in scaling-up, as there is nostationary fluidized bed anymore
excellent gas-solids contact between catalyticbed material and product gas, so lower tarcontent
increases of residence times for fuel particles aswell as gases with regard to gas-solidsinteraction
solids residence time distribution resembles acascade of stirred vessels (dispersed downwardmovement of solids)
100 kW pilot plant at Vienna, University ofTechnology is in commissioning phase
Com
bust
ion
zone
Gasi
ficatio
nzo
ne
25
Conversion of wind and photovoltaic totransportation fuels
Gas coolingand cleaning
GASIFIER
Biomass
Steam + CO2Air +additional fuel
COMBUSTOR
Flue gasProduct gas
synthesis Upgrading
dieselKerosene
SNG
CO2
CO2 removal
H2O electrolysisH2
Summary
• R&D on BioSNG is going on worldwide, butespecially in Europe
• BioSNG has a very high efficiency (60-70% frombiomass to SNG)
• One possibility for the transport sector (CNG cars)
• Method to use biomass also in large cities
Figure from Agnion
More info athttp://www.ieatask33.org/
Methanisierung von Biomasse – CNG/LNG über thermochemische�VerfahrenCNG/LNG as transportation fuelProblem: fuelling stationsProblem: CarsBasics of SNGGasifiers for BioSNGSlide Number 7Future: Wind-GasR&D on BioSNGECN, The NetherlandsHeat Pipe ReformerSlide Number 12Gasification Concept of Dual FluidCommercial FICFB GasifiersBiomass CHP GüssingResultsQuality BioSNGSlide Number 18TechnologyResults GasificationSlide Number 21Nice carsSlide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Conversion of wind and photovoltaic to transportation fuelsSummary