IpSpw {io kvIqÄ...1 IpSpw_{io kvIqÄ ]mT]pkvXIw 2 IpSpw_{io kwØm\ Zmcn{Zy \nÀ½mÀÖ-\ -an-j³...

$Page 1: IpSpw {io kvIqÄ...1 IpSpw_{io kvIqÄ ]mT]pkvXIw 2 IpSpw_{io kwØm\ Zmcn{Zy \nÀ½mÀÖ-\ -an-j³ Xt±i kzbw`cW hIp¸v tIcf kÀ¡mÀ$
1

IpSpw_{iokvIqÄ

]mT]pkvXIw 2IpSpw_{io

kwØm\ Zmcn{Zy \nÀ½mÀÖ-\ -an-j³Xt±i kzbw`cW hIp¸v

tIcf kÀ¡mÀ

2

kwkvYm\ anj³ Sow{io.Fkv lcnIntjmÀ sF F Fkv FIvknIyq«ohv UbdÎÀ{ioaXn dwe¯vv.]nUbdÎÀ F & F^v{io. {]tamZv.sI.hn.t{]m{Kmw HmôkÀ (kwLS\){io. A\ojvIpamÀ Fw.Fk.vko\nbÀ I¬kÂ«âv {ioaXn PnPn BÀ Fkvt{]m{Kmw amt\PÀ, Fw.F^v{io. _ntPjv. Sn.Sn,tÌäv Akn. t{]m{Kmw amt\PÀ{ioaXn tZhn _meIrjvW³.tÌäv Akn. t{]m{Kmw amt\PÀ{ioaXn hnZy\mbÀ hn FkvtÌäv Akn. t{]m{Kmw amt\PÀ{ioaXn \nXy cmP³tÌäv Akn. t{]m{Kmw amt\PÀ{ioaXn \nj BÀ hnH. Fkv. Fkv

\nÀ½mW klmbw{io. F³ IrjvW³ Ip«n \mbÀ. tÌäv dntkmgvkv t]gvk¬, IpSpw_{io{ioaXn Zo] ]n. t^mÀNyqW ]cnioe\ Sow. XrÈqÀ {ioaXn koaN{µ³. FIvkm¯v ]cnioe\ Sow, FdWmIpfw{ioaXn kpP\ Fw. an{X ]cnioe\ Sow, I®qÀIpamcn {]ko\ sI. hn., Un. än. kn ]cnioe\ Sow, ImkÀtKmUv{ioaXn an\n tPmkv {]Imiv, IÀ½ ]cnioe\ Sow, sImÃw{ioaXn {]oX Hm., an{X ]cnioe\ Sow, I®qÀ{ioaXn joP sI. BÀ«v ]cnioe\ Sow, ae¸pdw{ioaXn {]nbZÀin\n hn. ap³ kn Un Fkv sNbÀt]gvk¬, HäqÀ kn Un Fkv{io. A\nÂIpamÀ C. Sn. FIvkm¯,v ]cnioe\ Sow, tImgnt¡mSv{io. A\nÂIpamÀ Fk.v FIvkm¯,v ]cnioe\ Sow, Be¸pg{io. cÚn¯v. kv]mtcm ]cnioe\ Sow, ]me¡mSv

kmt¦XnI klmbwtUm. apcfn Xp½mcpIpSn UnkmkväÀ dnU£³ slUv. bp F³ F¬hntbm¬saâÂ t{]m{Kmw s{]m^.AaÂcmPv.AknÌâv s{]m^. UnkmÌÀ amt\Pvsaâv skâÀ ILDM

IS¸mSv

IpSpw_{io kwØm\ anj\nse FÃm t{]m{Kmw HmôkÀamÀ , t{]m{Kmw amt\PÀamÀ,

AknÌâ v t{]m{Kmw amt\PÀamÀ

tIcf kwkvYm\ Zpc´ \nhmcW AtXmdnän C³kvänäyq«v Hm^v em³Uv B³Uv UnkmkväÀ amt\Pvaâv ILDM

t{Smam sIbÀ skmsskän ,tImgnt¡mSv, TRACK

te Hu«v & Unssk³Acp¬ Fk,v {Km^nIv Unssk\À, IpSpw_{io

X¿mdm¡nbXv

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4

{]n-b--s¸«-h--tc,

Ip-Spw-_-{io- cq-]o-Ir-X-am-bn-«v C-cp-]-Xp- h-À-jw- ]q-À-̄ n-bm-Ip-I-bm-Wv. H-cp- kaq-lm-[n-jvTn-X- kw-L-S-\-bv¡v Du-À-Öw- ]-I-cp-¶-Xn-\pw- ]p-̄ -³- Zn-im--t_m[w- \-Â-Ip-¶ -Xn-\pw- \n-c-´-c-am-b- ]-cn-io-e-\w- B-h-iy-am-Wv. Cu- e-£yw- ap-³\nÀ-¯n-bm-Wv I-gn-ª- km-¼-̄ n-I- h-À-jw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kv¡q-Ä- F-¶- _r-l-̄ m-b- ]-T-\- {]-h-À-

-̄\w- \-½-Ä- kw-L-Sn-̧ n-̈ -Xv. Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§-fm-b- 42 e-£w- -t]cpw- 12 a-Wn-¡q-À- ¢m-kn-Â- ]--s¦Sp-̄ v A-dn-hpw- A-\p-̀ -h-§-fpw- ]-¦p--shbv¡p-I-bpw- X-§-fp--sS `m-hn--sb kw-_-Ôn-̈ v K-u-c-h-am-b- N-À-̈ -I-fn-Â- G-À--s¸Sp-I-bpw- -sN¿p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv Cu- {]-h-À-¯-\-¯n-sâ e-£yw-.

H-¶mw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kv¡q-Ä- {]-h-À-¯-\--s¯ h-en-b- B--thi--t¯mSp-¡q-Sn- bm-Wv Hm--tcm Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-hpw- G--säSp-̄ -Xv. c-ïmw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kv¡q-Ä- 2018 Unkw_À am-k¯n-Â- \-S-̄ p-¶-Xn-\m-Wv Xo-cp-am-\n-̈ n-«p-Å-Xv. C-̄ -h-W-bpw- B-dv hn-j-b-§-fm-Wv D-Ä--s¸Sp-¯n-bn-«p-Å-Xv. A-b-Â-¡q-«-§--sf ]-¦m-fn-¯- B-kq-{X-W-¯n-epw- hn-I-k\- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fn-epw- ]-¦m-fn-bm-¡p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv c-ïmw- Ip-Spw-_{io- kv¡q-fn-sâ {]-[m-\- e-£yw-. ap-³- h-À-j-¯n-Â- \n-¶pw- hy-Xy-kvX-am-bn- G-gv A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\v H-cp- A-[ym-]-I-³- F-¶- \n-e-bn-em-Wv C-¯-h-W- ]-cn-io-e-I--sc \n--tbmKn-̈ n-«p-Å-Xv. G-I--tZiw- \m-Â]-Xn-\m-bn-c-̄ n-e-[n-Iw- I-½yq-Wn-än- A-[ym-]-I-À- Cu- {]-h-À-̄ -\-̄ n-Â- ]-¦m-fn-I-fm-Ipw-. {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-Ä- -tUmIyp--saâv -sN¿p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- {]--tXyI- -sam-ss_Â- B-¹n--t¡j-\pw- X-¿m-dm-¡n-bn-«p-ïv. F-Ãm- ¢m-kn-epw- ]--s¦Sp-¯v ]-T-\w- hn-P-b-I-c-am-bn- ]q-À-¯o-I-cn-bv¡p-¶-- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡v kÀ-«n-^n-¡-äv e-`y-am-¡pw-. -s^{_p-h-cn- am-kw- \-S-¯p-¶- A-b-Â-¡q-«- -t{KUnw-Kn-Â- Cu- kÀ-«n-^n-¡-äv \n-À-®m-b-I-am-Wv.

F-Ãm- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§-fpw- A-h-cp--sS Ip-Spw-_mw-K-§-fpw- c-ïmw- Ip-Spw-_ -{io- kv¡q-fn-se F-Ãm- ¢m-kn-epw- ]--s¦Sp-¡-W--sa¶v kv-t\l-]q-À-Æw- Rm-³- A-`y-À-°n-¡p-¶p-.

F-kv. l-cn-In--tjmÀ-

Fkv lcnIntjmÀ sF F FkvFIvknIyq«ohv UbdÎÀ,

IpSpw_{io

Xncph\´]pcw

05/11/2018

5

D-Å-S-¡w-1. ap-J-hp-c-................................................................................................................................6

2. Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«w-.............................................................................................7

3. Ip-Spw-_-{io- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä-................................................................................................16

4. I-W--s¡gp-¯v A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â-.............................................................................41

5. [-\-am--t\Pv-saâv Ip-Spw-_-¯n-epw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-epw-......................................56

6. D-]-Po-h-\- hn-I-k\w- kq-£va-kw-cw-`-§-fn-eq--sS.................................................62

7. Zpc´ \nhmcW {]hÀ¯\w A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â-................................................76

A-\p-_-Ôw-1. kq-£va-X-e- hm-bv]m- B-kq-X-W- -t^mdw-.............................................................87

2. IpSpw_{io kvIqÄ lmPÀ t^mÀamäv...................................................................88

2. e-Lp- k¼m-Zy- hm-bv]m- {]-h-À-¯-\w- - hn-e-bn-cp-¯-Â- kÀ--tÆ -t^mdw-....89

3. Ip-Spw-_-{io- kv¡q-Ä- hn-e-bn-cp-¯-Â- -t^mdw-......................................................93

4. Ip-Spw-_-{io- kv¡q-Ä- kÀ-«n-^n-¡-äv am-Xr-I-..........................................................95

6

{]nbs¸« IpSpw_{io AwKw§tf.....

രണ്ടാമത് കുടുംബശ്രീ സ് ക്കൂൾ 2018 ഡിസംബര്‍ മടാസത്ില്‍ സംഘടിപ്ിയ്കുകയടാണ്. ഒനടാം കുടുംബശ്രീ സ് ക്കൂളിൽ സംഘടനടാ സംവിധടാനത്ിനും പദ്ധതികൾക്ുമടായിരുനു പ്ടാധടാന്ം കകടാടുത്ിരുനത്. ഇത്വണ അയൽക്കൂട്ടങ്ങകള പങ്ടാളിത് വികസനത്ിലും ആസകൂത്രണത്ിലും സജരീവമടാക്ുനതിനടാവശ്മടായ ചർച്ചകളടാണ് പ്ധടാനമടായും സംഘടിപ്ിയ്കുനത്. ഒനടാം കുടുംബശ്രീ സ് ക്കൂളിൽ എന പപടാകല രണ്ു മണിക്കൂർ വരീതമുള്ള ആറു ക്ടാസുകളടാണ് ഇത്വണയും ഉൾകപ്ടുത്ിയിട്ടുള്ളത്. എല്ടാ അംഗങ്ങളും എല്ടാ ക്ടാസിലും നിർബന്ധമടായും പകങ്ടുക്ണം.

കുടുംബശ്രീ അയൽക്കൂട്ടം എനതടാണ് ഒനടാമകത് അധ്ടായം. ഒനടാം കുടുംബശ്രീ സ് ക്കൂളികല കുടുംബശ്രീ സംഘടന എന അധ്ടായത്ികറെ പുനരവപലടാകനവും അയൽക്കൂട്ടങ്ങകള എങ്ങകന വികസന യകൂണിറ്ുകളടാക്ി പങ്ടാളിത് വികസനത്ിലും ആസകൂത്രണത്ിലും സജരീവമടാക്ടാം എനതടാണ് ഇവികട ചർച്ച കചയ്ുനത്.

രണ്ടാമധ്ടായത്ിൽ കുടുംബശ്രീ പദ്ധതികൾ വരീണ്ും ചർച്ച കചയ്ുനു. ഒനടാം കുടുംബശ്രീ സ് ക്കൂളിനുപശഷം പദ്ധതികളിൽ വന മടാറ്ങ്ങൾക്കൂടി ഉൾകപ്ടുത്ിയടാണ് ഈ അധ്ടായം പുന:ക്രമരീകരിച്ചിരിയ്കുനത്. മകൂനടാമകത് അധ്ടായത്ിൽ അയൽക്കൂട്ടത്ികല കണകക്ഴുത്ികറെ പ്ടാധടാന്ം ചർച്ച കചയ്ുനു. നടാലടാമകത് അധ്ടായത്ിൽ ധനമടാപനജ് കമറെ് കുടുംബത്ിലും അയൽക്കൂട്ടത്ിലും എന വിഷയമടാണ് ചർച്ച കചയ്ുനത്. അയൽക്കൂട്ടങ്ങകള സകൂക്ഷ്മതല വടായ്ടാ നിപഷേപ ആസകൂത്രണം നടത്ുവടാൻ പ്ടാപ്തരടാക്ുക എനതടാണ് ഈ അധ്ടായത്ികറെ ഉപദേശ്ം. അഞ്ടാമകത് അധ്ടായത്ിൽ ദടാരി{Zy ലഘകൂകരണത്ിൽ ഉപജരീവന പ്വർത്നങ്ങൾക്ുള്ള പങ്് ചർച്ച കചയ്ുനു. ആറടാമകത് അധ്ടായത്ിൽ ദുരന്ത നിവടാരണത്ില്‍ അയൽക്കൂട്ടങ്ങൾക്ുള്ള പങ്ടാണ് ചർച്ച കചയ്ുനത്.

ഓപരടാ അയൽക്കൂട്ടത്ികറെയും സകൂക്ഷ്മതല വടായ്ടാ ആസകൂത്രണ പ�ടാറം തയ്ടാറടാക്ലും ലഘു സമ്ടാദ്- വടായ്ടാ പ്വർത്നകത്ക്ുറിച്ചുള്ള സർപവേയും രണ്ടാം കുടുംബശ്രീ സ് ക്കൂളികറെ ഭടാഗമടായി സംഘടിപ്ിയ്കും. ഒരു മടാസംകകടാണ്് പകൂർത്രീകരിക്ത്ക് വിധത്ിലടാണ് ക്ടാസുകൾ ക്രമരീകരിച്ചിരിയ്കുനത്. പങ്ടാളിത് രരീതിയിലുള്ള രരീതിശടാസ്ത്രമടാണ് പടാഠടാവലിയിൽ സ്രീകരിച്ചിട്ടുള്ളത്. ഈ പടാഠപുസ്തക രചനയിൽ ആവശ്മടായ നിർപദേശങ്ങൾ തന എല്ടാവർക്ും നന്ി അറിയിക്കട്ട. രണ്ടാം കുടുംബശ്രീ സ് ക്കൂളിപലക്് എല്ടാവകരയും സ് പനഹപകൂർവേം സ്ടാഗതം കചയ്ുനു.

വിശ്സ്ഥതപയടാകട,

പ്പമടാദ് കക. വിപപ്ടാഗടാം ഓ�രീസർ (സംഘടന)

apJhpc

7

Ip-Spw-_-{io- F-¶m-Â- F-´v?H-¶mw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kv¡q-fn-Â- C-¡m-cyw- \-½-Ä- ]-cn--tim[n-¨n-cp-¶p-. \n-§-Ä-¡v Hm-À-¯p- ]-d-bm-³- I-gn-bp--tam? $ Zm-cn-{Zy- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\- an-j-³- $ kv{Xo- im-ào-I-c-W- {]-kvYm-\w- $ ............................................................................................. $ .............................................................................................

kw-kvYm-\- kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ B-`n-ap-Jy-¯n-Â- Zm-cn-{Zy- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\-¯n\mbn kzo-I-cn-¨n-«p-Å- \q-X-\- Zm-cn-{Zy- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\-- kv{Xo- im-ào-I-c-W- ]-cn-]m- Sn-bm-Wv ""Ip-Spw-_-{io'' F-¶- -t]cn-Â- A-dn-b--s¸Sp-¶-Xv. 1996 Â- B-cw-̀ n-̈ - P-\-Io-bm-kq-{X-W- ]-²-Xn-bp--sS ]-Ým-̄ -e-̄ n-Â- Zm-cn-{Zy- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\-̄ n-sâ km-[y-X--sb¡p-dn-¨pw- Zm-cn-{Zy- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\-¯n-\m-bn- \q-X-\- am-À-¤-§-Ä- B-cm-bp-¶-Xn-\p-am-bn- {io-. F-kv Fw-. hn-P-bm-\-µv, kw-kvYm-\- B-kq-{X-W- I-½o-j-³- Aw-Kw- -tUm. -tXma-kv sF-kIv, -tUm {]-Im-iv _-£n- F-¶n-h-c-S-§p-¶- H-cp- I-½n-än--sb kÀ-¡m-À- \n--tbmKn-¡p-I-bp-ïm-bn-. Cu- I-½n-än-bp--sS ip-]m -À-i -{]-Im-c-am-Wv 1997--1998 -se kw-kvYm-\- _-UvP-än-Â- kw-kvYm-\- Zm-cn-{Zy- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\- an-j-³,-- Ip-Spw- _-{io-bp--sS cq-]o-I-c-Ww- kw-kvYm-\- kÀ-¡m-À- {]-Jym- ]n-¨-Xv. A-¶--s¯ ap-Jy-a-{ń- {io-. C- -sI \m-b-\m-À-, X--t±i- kz-bw- `-c-W- h-Ip-¸p- a-{ń- {io-. ]m--temfn- ap-l-½-ZvIp-«n- F-¶n-h-À- an-j-³- cq-]o- I-c-W-̄ n-Â- \n-À-®m-b-I- ]-¦p- h-ln-̈ p-. {io-. Sn-. -sI. -tPmkv sF- F- F-kv B-bn-cp-¶p- Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS B-Zy--s¯ F-Ivkn-Iyp-«o-hv U-b-d-Î-À-.

an-j-sâ A-kvYn-X-z-hpw- L-S-\-bpw- F-´m-Wv ?1955--se 12-maXv Xn-cp-h-n-Xmw-Iq-À--- sIm¨n- km-ln-Xy-, im-kv{Xo-b-, [-À-½- kw-L-§-Ä- c-Pn-kvä-dm¡-Â- B-Îv A-\p-kcn-¨v c-Pn-kvä-À- -sN¿--s¸«n-«p-Å-Xpw- - X--t±i- kz-bw-̀ -c-W- h-Ip-̧ n-sâ B-̀ n-ap-Jy-̄ n-Â- kw-kvYm-\-

B-ap-Jw-

Ip-Spw-_-{io- {Xn-X-e- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\w- Hu-]-Nm-cn-I-am-bn- \n-e-hn-Â- h-¶n-«v C-cp-]-Xp- h-À-jw- ]q- À-¯n-bm-Ip-I-bm-Wv. H-cp- kaq-lm-[n-jvTn-X- kw-L-S-\--sb kw-_-Ôn-¨v C-cp-]-Xp- {]-h-À-¯-\- h-À-jw- F-¶-Xv \n-À-®m-b-I-am-Wv. ap--t¶m«p-Å- {]-bm-W -̄ n-\p- Ip-Xn--t¸Im-³- I-gn-bp-¶- hn-[w- hn-e-bn-cp-̄ -en- \pw- Xn-cp-¯-en-\p-ap-Å- ka-b-am-Wn-Xv. -tIh-ew- km-¼-̄ n-I- {I-b-hn-{I-b-§-Ä-¡p-Å- C-S-am-bn-«-Ã- Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§--sf hn-`m-h-\w- -sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. a-dn-̈ v A-[n-Im-c-hn--tI{µo-I-c-W- {]-{In-b-bn--se G-ä-hpw- Xm--tg -̄«n-ep-Å- hn-I-k\- bq-Wn-äm-Wv Ip-Spw- _-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-. Cu- e-£y-¯n--tebv¡v Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§--sf D-b-À-̄ m-³- I-gn-b-Ww-.A--tXm-sSm¸w- \n-e-hn-ep-Å- kw-L-S-\m- Z-u-À-_-ey-§-Ä- ]-cn-l-cn-¡m-³- I-gn-b-Ww-. ]m-À-i-z-h-XvIr-X-cpw- ]n--t¶m¡-¡m-cp-am-b- ap-gp-h-³- -t]À-¡pw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- Aw-K-X-zw- D-ïm-I-Ww-. Cu- e-£y--t¯mSp-¡q-Sn-bm-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-L-S-\- F-¶- A-[ym-bw- ho-ïpw- \-½-Ä- N-À-¨- -sN¿p-¶-Xv.

]-T-\- -t\«-§-Ä- $ Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-L-S-\m- X-X-z-§-Ä- hn-i-I-e-\w-

-sN¿p-¶p-. $ H-cp- D-¯-a- A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-Kw- F-¶- \n-e-bn-Â-

X-sâ D-¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-§-fpw- I-Sa-I-fpw- Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp-¶p-.

$ {]m--tZin-Im-kq-{X-W-¯n-epw- hn-I-k\-¯n-epw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡p-Å- ]-¦v Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp-¶p-.

$ X--t±i-̀ -c-W- kvYm-]-\-§-fp-am-bp-Å- _-Ôw- kp-Zr-V-am--t¡ï-Xn-sâ B-h-iy-I-X- -t_m[y--s¸Sp-¶p-.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-Kw- F-¶- \n-e-bn-ep-Å Xsâ- D-̄ -c-hm-Zn-¯-§-Ä- Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp-¶p-.

1A[ymbw

IpSpw_{io AbÂIq«w

8

$ Zm-cn-{Zy- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\w- e-£y-am-¡n- A-b-Â-¡q-«-X-e-§-fn-Â- an-X- hy-b- k¼m-Zy-- hm-bv]m- ]-cn-]m-Sn- I-Ä-, D-]-Po-h-\- {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-Ä- F-¶n-h- kw-L-Sn- ¸n-bv¡p-I-.

$ Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§-fp--sSbpw -Ip-Spw-_mw-K-§-fp--sSbpw- km-aq-ly-hpw- km-¼-¯n-I-hpw- kmw-kv¡m-cn-I-hpw- am-\-kn-I-hp-am-b- ]p--tcmK-Xn-¡m-bn- {]-h-À-¯n-bv¡p-I-.

$ kv{Xo-I-fp--sSbpw- Ip-«n-I-fp--sSbpw- A-h-Im-i-§-Ä- -t\Sn--sbSp-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- C-h-À-¡m-bp-Å- -t£a-- im-ào-I-c-W- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- -t\Xr-X-zw- -sImSp-¡p-I-.

$ kv{Xo-I-fp--sS Xp-ey-X-bv¡pw- A-h-cp--sS km-aq-ly- ]-Z-hn- D-b-À-¯p-¶-Xn-\p-ap-Å- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-I-.

$ {]m--tZin-I- km-¼-̄ n-I- hn-I-k\-̄ n-epw- B-kq-{X-W-¯n-epw- kPo-h-am-bn- ]--s¦Sp-¡p-I-.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§--sf kz-bw--sXmgn-Â- kw-cw-`-§-Ä- I--sï¯p-¶-Xn-\pw- {]-h-À-¯n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- -t{]mÕm-l-\-hpw- klm-b-hpw- \-evIp-I-.

$ km-aq-ln-I- km-¼-¯n-I- im-ào-I-c-W-¯n-\v D-X-Ip-¶- X-c-¯n-Â- B-i-b-]-c-hpw- km--t¦Xn-I-hp-am-b- ]-cn-io-e-\-§-Ä- Aw-K- Ip-Spw-_mw-K-§-Ä-¡v e-`y-am-¡p-I-.

$ im-co-cn-I/--am-\-kn-I- -shÃp-hn-fn-I-Ä- -t\cn-Sp-¶-h-À-, ]m-cm-¹o-Pn-b- -tcmKn-I-Ä-, F-¨vsF-hn-- F-bvUvkv -tcmKn-I-Ä-, ]mÀizhXvIrXÀ, Ip-«n-I-Ä- Xp-S-§n-b-h-cp--sS A-h-Im-i-§-fpw- km-aq-ly-\o-Xn-bpw- D-d-¸m-¡m-\p-Å- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fn-Â- G-À--s¸Sp-I-.

Ip-Spw-_-{io- {Xn-X-e- kw-L-S-\m- kz-cq-]-¯n-Â- G--sXÃmw- L-S-I-§-fm-Wv D-Å-Xv? $ A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä- (F-³- F-¨v Pn-) $ G-cn-b- -sUh-e-]v -saâv skmsskänI-Ä-

(F- Un- F-kv) $ I-½yq-Wn-än- -sUh-e-]v-saâv skmsskän

(kn- Un- F-kv)

kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\-̄ n-sâ khn--tij-X- F-́ v? $ kv{Xo-I-Ä- Aw-K-§-fm-bp-Å- {Xn-X-e- kaq-lm-[n-

ãn-X- kw-L-S-\- $ A-b-Â-¡q-«w- F-¶- k¦-ev]w $ Hm--tcm L-S-I-hpw- A-h-c-h-cp--sS {]-h-À-̄ -\- ]-cn-[n-

bn-Â- -ss_-tembv¡v hn--t[b-am-bn- kz-X-{ -́cm-Wv. $ {]m--tZin-I- B-kq-{X-W-¯n-Â- \n-À-®m-b-I- ]-¦v $ ap-I-Ä-̄ -«v Io-gv̄ -«v (Xn-cn-̈ pw-) _-Ôw- ]-c-kv]-c-

kl-I-c-W-¯n-Â- A-[n-ãn-X-am-Wv. $ ............................................................................................

$ ............................................................................................

X-e-¯n-Â- cq-]o-I-cn-¨n-«p-Å-Xp-am-b- H-cp- kw-L-am-Wv kw-kvYm-\- Zm-cn-{Zy- \n-À-½m-À-P-\- an-j-³- F-¶- Ip-Spw-_-{io-.

C-Xn-sâ `-c-W -kw-hn-[m-\- L-S-\- Xm--sg¡m-Wpw- {]-Im-c-am-Wv. an-j-³- `-c-W-kan-Xn- : K--thWnw-Kv -t_mUn- -sNb-À-am-³- : X--t±i-kzbw `-c-W- h-Ip-¸p- a-{ń--ssh.-sNb-À-am-³- : X--t±i-kzbw -̀c-W- h-Ip-̧ p- sk{I-«-dn-an-j-³- F-Ivkn-Iyq-«o-hv U-b-d-Î-À -: kÀ-¡m-À- \n-b-an-¡p-¶ - sF-.F-.F-kv Hm-ô-kÀ-C-h--sc Iq-Sm--sX hn-hn-[- h-Ip-¸p-I-fp--sS sk{I-«-dn-am-À-, P-\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-I-Ä-, {]-K-Û- hy-àn-I-Ä- F-¶n-h--sc Im-e-Im-e-§-fn-Â- K--thWnw-Kv -t_mUn- Aw-K-§-fm-bn- kÀ-¡m-À- \n--tbmKn-¡pw-. `-c-W- kan-Xn--sb klm-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- kw-kvYm-\-X-e-̄ n-Â- D--tZymK-kvY- hr-µ-hp-ap-ïv. Pn-Ãm-X-e-̄ n-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-Xv Pn-Ãm- an-j-³- -tIm Hm-À-Un--t\ä-dp--sS -t\Xr-X-z-¯n-ep-Å- D--tZymK-kvY-cm-Wv.

Pn-Ãm-an-j-\p-I-Ä-¡p- Xm--sg X--t±i-kz-bw-̀ -c-W- X-e-§-fn-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- {]-h-À-¯-\w- F-§--s\bm-Wv kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡--s¸Sp-¶-Xv ? F-´m-Wv kw-L-S-\m- co-Xn- ? A-X-Xp- {Km-a-]-©m-b-¯v/\-K-c-k`m- X-e-§-fn-em-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io- {]-h-À-¯-\w- \-S-¡p-¶-Xv. C-Xn-\p- -t\Xr-X-zw- \-Â-Ip-¶-Xv kn- Un- F-kv F-¶- Np-cp-¡--t¸cn-Â- A-dn-b--s¸Sp-¶- I-½yq-Wn-än- U-h-e-]v-saâv skmsskän-I-fp--sS -t\Xr-X-z-¯n-em-Wv. kÀ-¡m-À- Aw-Ko-Ir-X- -ss_-tem {]-Im-c-am-Wv kn- Un- F-kv {]-h-À-¯n-bv¡p-¶-Xv. Hm--tcm kn- Un- F-kpw- Nm-cn-ä-_n-Ä- skmsskäo-kv B-Îv A-\p-kcn-¨v {]--tXyIw- c-Pn-kvä-À- -sNbvX-h-bm-Wv. kn- Un- F-Êp-I-Ä- X--t±i-`-c-W- kvYm-]-\-§-fp--sS Io-gvL-S-I-§-f-Ãm--sb¦n-epw- A-h-bp--sS -t\Xr-X-z-¯n-Â- ]-c-kv]-cw - kl-I-cn -¨v {]-h-À -¯n- -t¡ï-h-bm-Wv. kn- Un- F-Êp-I-Ä-¡v Xm--sg hm-À-Up-I-fn-Â- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§--sf -sÛ--tdäp- -sNbvXv G-cn-b- -sUh-e]vv- saâv skmsskänI-fpw- {]-h-À-¯n-bv¡p-¶p-. A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fm-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS A-Sn-kvYm-\- bq-Wn-äv.

Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS D--t±iy- e-£y-§-Ä- F--s´Ãm-am-Wv? $ X--t±i-`-c-W- kvYm-]-\-§-fp--sS -t\Xr-X-z-¯n-Â-

kv{Xo-I-fp--sS -t\Xr-X-z-¯n-ep-Å- {Xn-X-e- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\-¯n-eq--sS Z-cn-{Z-cp--sSbpw -]m-À-i-z-h-XvIr-X-cm-b-h-cp--sSbpw- kp-i-à-am-b- km-aq-ly- kw-L-S-\- cq-]o-I-cn-bv¡p-I-.

9

Z-cn-{Z- ]-£-̄ p- \n-¶p--sImïv -thK-̄ n-epw- kp-Xm-cy-am-bpw- A-À-l-X--s]«-h-À-¡v A-h-cp--sS ]-cn-an-Xn-I--sf a-dn-I-S-¡p-¶-Xn-\v kz-bw- {]m-]vX-cm-¡p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS {]-[m-\- I-À-¯-hyw-.

A-b-Â-¡q-«w- F-§--s\ i-àn--s¸Sp-¯mw- ? $ B-gvN-bn-Â- -tbmKw- -tNc-Ww- $ Hm--tcm Aw-K-¯n-sâbpw- h-kXn-bn-Â- am-dn- am-dn-

-tbmKw- -tNc-Ww- $ ap-gp-h-³- Aw-K-§-fp--sSbpw- ]-¦m-fn-¯w- D-d-¸m-

¡-Ww- $ N-À-¨-bn-Â- ap-gp-h-³- Aw-K-§--tfbpw- ]--s¦Sp-¸n-

¡-Ww- $ an-\n-Sn-kv -tbmK-¯n-Â- -sh¨p-X--s¶ F-gp-X-Ww- $ {Xn-^väv kw-Jy- -sXm«-Sp-¯- {]-hr-¯n- Zn-h-kw-

X--s¶ _m-¦n-Â- A-S-bv¡-Ww- $ Ir-Xy-am-b- hm-bv]m- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv \-S-¯-Ww- $ -tcJ-I-fpw- c-Pn-kvä-dp-I-fpw- Ir-Xy-am-bn- F-gp-Xn-

kq-£n-¡-Ww- $ Hm--tcm Aw-K-§-fp--sSbpw- B-h-iy-§-Ä- Xn-cn-̈ -dn-

ªv A-h- e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\v A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\v C-S--s]Sm-³- I-gn-b-Ww-

$ .............................................................................................

$ .............................................................................................

kv{Xo-bn-eq--sS Ip-Spw-_-¯n--te¡v Ip-Spw-_-¯n-eq--sS kaq-l-¯n--te¡v

{]-[m-\-am-bpw- \m-«n--se ]m-h--s¸«- Ip-Spw-_n-\n-I-fp--sS Iq-«m-bva-bm-b- A-b-Â-¡q-«w- F-{]-Im-c-am-Wv Zm-cn-{Zy- hn--tamN-\w- -t\Sn--sbSp-¡p-I- ? $ A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ `-c-W-]-c-hpw- kw-L-S-

\m-]-c-hp-am-b- {]-h-À-¯-\-¯n-eq--sS e-`n-¡p-¶- -tijn-bpw- B-ß-hn-i-zm-khpw- ap--tJ\- kv{Xo-I-Ä- kz-bw- im-ào-I-cn-¡--s¸Sp-¶p-.

$ an-X-hyb -k¼m-Zy-io-e-¯n-eq--sSbpw- hm-bv]m-h-iy-§-Ä- -t\Sp-¶-Xn-eq--sSbpw- e-`n-¡p-¶- km-¼-¯n-I- -ssIIm-cy- I-À-Xr-X-zw- A-h-À-¡n-S-bn--se ]-W-̄ n-sâ Nw-{I-a-Ww- kp-K-a-am-¡n- Xo-À-¡p-¶p-. F-Ãm- -ssII-fn-epw- ]-Ww- F-̄ n-¡p-¶- Cu- \-ho-\- co-Xn- Zm-cn-{Zyw- Ip-d-bv¡p-I- X--s¶ -sN¿p-¶p-.

$ kw-L-S-\m- {]-h-À-¯-\-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-bn- A-b -Â-]-¡- kaq-l-̄ n-epw- _m-¦p-I-Ä- D-Ä--s -̧sSbp-Å- [-\-Im-cy-kvYm-]-\-§-fn-epw- a-äp-kvYm-]-\-§-fp--sS Hm-̂ o-kp-I-fn-epw- hn-hn-[- \n-e-hm-c-̄ n-epw- ]-Z-hn-bn-ep-ap-Å- -s]mXp-P-\-§-fp--sam-s¡bm-bn- C-S--s]Sp-¶-Xn-ep-ïm-hp-¶- km-aq-ly-am-b- -shfn--s¸S-Â- D-ïm-¡p-¶- hy-àn-X-z- hn-Im-khpw- kq-£va- kw-cw-`- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fn-eq--sS -t\Sp- ¶- A-[n-I- h-cp-am-\-hpw- Zm-cn-{Zy- e-Lq-I-c-W- ¯n-\v- Im-c-W-am-Ip-¶p-.

kn- Un- F-kn-sâbpw- F- Un- F-kn-sâbpw- Np-a-X-e-I-Ä- F--s´Ãm-am-Wv?X--t±i-`-c-W- kvYm-]-\-X-e-¯n-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- {Xn-X-e- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\-̄ n-sâ ap-I-Ä-X-«m-Wv kn- Un- F-kv (I-½yq-Wn-än- U-h-e-]v-saâv skmsskän-). ap-I-fn-Â- ]-d-ª- D--t±iy-e-£y-§-Ä- X-§-fp--sS X--t±i -`-c-W- kvYm-]-\-X-e-¯n-Â- \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- F- Un- F-kp-I--sfbpw- A-h-bp--sS X--sgbm-bn- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§--sfbpw- kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv kn- Un- F-Ên-sâ {]-[m-\- Np-a-X-e-. Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-kv Ym-\/--Pn-Ãm- an-j-\p-I-Ä-, X--t±i-̀ -c-W- kvYm-]-\-§-Ä-, hn-hn-[- kÀ-¡m-À- G-P-³-kn-I-Ä-/h-Ip-¸p-I-Ä- \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- X-§-fp--sS -taJ-e-bn-Â- \-S-¸n-em--t¡ï- D-¯-c-hm-Zn-¯w- kn- Un- F-Ên- \m-Wv. Ip-Spw-_-{io- D--t±iy-e-£y-§-Ä- ]qÀ-¯o-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- -ss_-tembv¡v hn--t[b-am-bn- kz-´w- \n-e-bn-Â- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- B-kq-X-Ww- -sNbvXv \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-Xn-\v kn- Un- F-Êp-I-Ä-¡v A-[n-Im-c-ap-ïv. kn- Un- F-Ên--s\bpw- X--t±i-`-c-W- kvYm-]-\-§--sfbpw- X-½n-Â- _-Ôn-̧ n-bv¡p-¶- {]-[m-\- I-®n-bm-Wv hn-e-bn-cp-¯-Â- kan-Xn-. C-Xp- {I-a-am-bn- Iq-Sp-¶-Xn-\pw- X--t±i-̀ -c-W- kvYm-]-\-§-fp--sS -t\Xr- X-z-hpw- _-Ô-hpw- \n-e-\n-À-̄ p-¶-Xn-\pw- kn- Un- F-Êv {]--tXyIw- {i-²n-¡-Ww-.

Ip-Spw-_-{io- {Xn-X-e- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\-̄ n-sâ a-[y-X-e-hpw- G-ä-hpw- \n-À-®m-b-I- L-S-I-hp-am-Wv F- Un- F-Êv. Hm--tcm hm-À-Un-ep-ap-Å- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS -t\Xm-hm-Wv F- Un- F-Êv. kn- Un- F-Êv \n-À--t±i-{]-Im-c-ap-Å- {]h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- X-§-fp--sS -taJ-e-bn-Â- \-S-̧ n-em-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- G--tIm]n-̧ n-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- -t\Xr-X-zw- \-Â--tIï-Xv F- Un- F-Êm-Wv. A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]-h-À-¯-\-§--sf kkq-£vaw- \n-co-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- {]-h-À-¯-\- -t]mcm-bva- ]-cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-ap-Å- D-¯-cm-hm-Zn-¯w- F- Un- F-Êv I-½-än-bp--tSXm-Wv. A-b-Â-¡q-«-§--sfbpw- kn- Un- F-Ên-- s\bpw- X-½n-Â- _-Ôn-¸n-bv¡p-¶- {]-[m-\-I-®n-bm-Wv F- Un- F-Êv.

kn- Un- F-Êpw- F- Un- F-Êpw- X-§-fp--sS Np-a-X-e-I-Ä- F-{X-am-{Xw- \n-À-Æ-ln-¡p-¶p-ïv..? F- Un- F-Ê-v `m-c-hm-ln-I-Ä- A-b-Â-¡q-«- -tbmK-§-fn-Â- ]--s¦Sp-¡m-dp--tïm? -t]mcm-bva-I-Ä- D--sï¦n-Â- F- Un- F-Êv `m-c-hm-ln-I-fp-am-bn- N-À-̈ - -sN¿p-¶-Xn-\p- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- B--temN-\- \-S-¯p-I-.

Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«--sa¶m-Â- F-´m-Wv ? F-ń-\m-Wv ?Ip-Spw-_-{io- {Xn-X-e- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\-¯n-sâ A-Sn-kvYm-\- L-S-I-am-Wv A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-. Hm--tcm P-\-hm-k {]--tZi--s¯bpw- A-b-Â-]-¡- Ip-Spw-_-§--sf {]-Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-¨v Hcp h-\n-X- F-¶-{I-a-¯n-Â- 10 ap-X-Â- 20 h--sc kv{Xo-I-fp--sS Iq-«m-bva-bm-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«w-.

10

Xn-bn-Â- dn--t¸mÀ-«p-I-fpw- I-W-¡p-I-fpw- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨v N-À-¨-bv¡p- hn--t[b-am-¡-Â-. {Xn-^väv k¼m-Zy--tiJ-c-Ww-,hn-\n-a-bw-, hm-bv]- \-Â-I-Â-, hm-bv]m- Xn-cn-̈ -S-hv F-¶n-§--s\ h-c-hn-\-̄ n-epw- -sNe-hn-\-̄ n-ep--saÃmw- {i-²n-¡p-I-bpw- B-h-iy-am-b- k_v I-½n-änIfpsS klm-b-§-Ä- -tXSp-I-bpw- -sN¿p-I-. -tbmK-§-fp--sS A-P-ï- {]-kn-âp-am-bn- B--temNn-¨v Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-I-. D-]-cn- I-½n-än-I-fp-am-bpw- _m-¦p-I-fp-am-bpw- \n-c-´-c- k¼-À-¡w- ]p-e-À-¯p-I-, kn- Un- F-kv \n-À--t±in-¡p-¶- {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-Ä- \-S-̧ n-em-¡p-I-, Fw- sF- F-kn--te¡m-h-iy-am-b- hn-h-c-§-Ä- F-Ãm- am-khpw- F- Un- F-kv ̀ m-c-hm-ln-I-Ä-¡v -ssIam-dp-I- F-¶n-h--sbÃm-am-Wv sk{I-«-dn-bp--sS Np-a-X-e-I-Ä-.

B--tcmKy - hn-Zym-`ym-k -thmf-ân-b-À- $ A-b-Â-¡q-«- Ip-Spw-_-§-fn--se Aw-K-§-fp--sS

B--tcmKy- {]-iv\-§-Ä- hn-e-bn-cp-¯p-I-. $ tcmK-{K-kvX- Ip-Spw-_-§--sf (hn--tijn-̈ pw- kv{Xo-

I-fpsSbpw Ip«nIfpsSbpw-) -tcmK-]-cn-lm-c-̄ n-\v {]m-Y-an-I- B--tcmKy- -tI{µ-hp-am-bpw- B--tcmKy- {]-h-À-̄ -I-cp-am-bpw- _-Ô--s¸«v {]-h-À-̄ n-¡p-I-.

$ Aw-K-§-fn-Â- {]-Xn--tcm[- Nn-In-Õ kw-_-Ôn-¨- A-h--t_m[w- kr-ãn-¡p-I-.

$ in-ip-¡-Ä-¡v \q-dp-i-X-am-\w- {]-Xn--tcm[- Nn-In-Õ D-d-¸p-h-cp-¯p-I-.

$ Aw-K-Ip-Spw-_-§-Ä-¡v ip-²-P-e-¯n-sâbpw- ip-Nn-X-z- kw-hn-[m-\-§-fp--sSbpw- e-`y-X- D-d-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn-\v B-h-iy-am-b- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-I-.

$ ]-cn-kc- ip-Nn-X-zw-, Kr-l- ip-Nn-X-zw-, hy-àn- ip-Nn-X-zw- F-¶n-h-bv¡v -t_m[-h-Â-¡-c-W- ¢m-Êp-I-Ä- kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-I-.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ B--tcmKy- ]-²-Xn- X-¿m-dm-¡p-I-.

h-cp-am-\-Zm-b-I- -thmf-ân-b-À- $ A-b-Â-¡q-«- e-Lp-\n--t£]- hm-bv]m- ]-cn-]m-Sn-

Im-cy-£-a-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\v {]-kn-U-âv, sk{I-«-dn- C-h--sc klm-bn-¡p-I-.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«- Ip-Spw-_-§-fp--sS h-cp-am-\- h-À-²-\-hn-\v D-X-Ip-¶- -sXmgn-Â- -taJ-e-I-Ä- I--sï¯p-I-

$ hn-hn-[- -sXmgn-Â- kw-cw-`-§-Ä- B-cw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- em-`-I-c-am-bn- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶-Xn- \pw- klm-bn-¡p-I-.

$ _n-]n-F-Â- en-kväv ]-cn--tim[n-¨v A-À-l-cm-b-h-À- D-Ä--s¸«n-«p--sï¶v D-d-¸p-h-cp-¯p-I-.

$ kÀ-¡m-À- [-\-klm-bap-Å- -sXmgn-Â-Zm-\- ]-²-Xn-I--sf¡p-dn-¨v A-dn-hv \-Â-Ip-I-.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-sâ Zm-cn-{Zy- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\- ]-cn-]m- Sn- X-¿m-dm-¡p-I-.

$ sP F-Â- Pn-I-Ä- cq-]o-I-cn-¨v Im-À-jn-I- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- i-àn--s¸Sp-¯p-I-.

A-b-Â-¡q-«- Aw-K-§-fp--sS km-aq-ly- km-¼-¯n-I- h-f-À-¨- am-{X-a-Ã- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ e-£yw-. A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]--tZi--s¯ F-Ãm-h-cp--tSbpw- F-¶--t]m-se {]--tXyI- km-aq-ly-\o-Xn-]-c-am-b- ]-cn-K-W-\- A-À-ln-¡p-¶- A-Xn-Z-cn-{Z-À- (A-K-Xn-I-Ä-), In-S-¸p--tcmKn-I-Ä-, ]m-cm-¹o-Pn-b- -tcmKn-I-Ä-, ]mÀizhXvIrXÀ, A-Ô--_-[n-c-- aq-I-X-zw- _m-[n-¨-h-À-, F-¨v.sF-.hn-. F-bn-Uvkv _m-[n-X-À-, {Sm-³-kv -sP³tâgvkv, h--tbmP-\-§-Ä- F-¶n-§--s\ Po-hn-X-̄ n-sâ ]n-¶m-¼p-d--t¯bv¡p- X-Å--s¸Sp-¶-h--sc-sbÃmw- D-Ä--s¡mÅm-\pw- X--t±i-̀ -c-W- kvYm-]-\-§-fp--sS -t\Xr-X-z-̄ n-Â- C-h-À-¡m-bn- ]p-\-c-[n-hm-k/kw-c-£-W- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä- X-¿m-dm-¡n- \-S-̧ n-em-¡p-¶-Xn-epw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡v \n-À-®m-b-I- ]-¦v D-ïv.

a-äp- kz-bw- klm-b-I- kw-L-§-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«w- F-{]-Im-cw- hy-Xym-k-s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶p--sb¶v N-À-¨- -sNbvXv {Kq-¸n-Â- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-I-.

A-b-Â-¡q-«- `m-c-hm-ln-I-fp--sS Np-a-X-e-I-Ä- F--s´Ãm-am-Wv?Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-\v A-©w-K- -t\Xr-X-z-am-Wv D-Å-Xv. Hm--tcm aq-¶v h-À-jw- Iq-Sp--t¼mgpw- P-\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-am-bm-Wv ̀ m-c-hm-ln-I--sf Xn-c--sªSp-¡p-¶-Xv. C-Xn-Â- bm--sXmcphn-[- _m-ly- C-S--s]S-ep-I-fpw- ]m-Sn-Ã-. {]-kn-U-âv, sk{I-«-dn-, h-cp-am-\-Zm-b-I- -thmf-ân-b-À-, B--tcmKy-- hn-Zym-`ym-k -thmf-ân-b-À-, A-Sn-kvYm-\- ku-I-cy- -thmf-ân-b-À- F-¶o- Hu--tZym-Kn-I- kvYm-\-§-fm-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-Â- D-Å-Xv.

{]-kn-U-âv -: -s]mXp--taÂ--t\m«w-, -tbmK-§-fn-Â- A-[y-£-X- h-ln-¡p-I-, sk{I-«-dn-bp-am-bn- -tNÀ-¶v _m-¦v A-¡-u-ïv B-cw-`n--bv¡p-I-bpw- {]-h-À-¯n-¸n-bv¡p-I-bpw- -sN¿p-I-, {]-[m-\--s¸«- -tcJ-I-Ä- H-̧ p--shbv¡p-I-, C-Xp-Iq-Sm--sX kn- Un- F-kv I-½n-än- \n-À--t±in-bv¡p-¶- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- -t\Xr-X-zw- -sImSp-¡p-I- C-h--sbÃm-am-Wv {]-kn-U-ân-sâ -s]mXp- Np-a-X-e-I-Ä-.

A-b-Â-¡q-«- sk{I-«-dn - : - {]-kn-U-âp-am-bn- -tbmPn-¨v A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ D-¶-a-\-¯n-\m-bn- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-I-, {]-kn-U-âp-am-bn- -tNÀ-¶v A-¡-u-ïp-I-Ä- {]-h-À-¯n-¸n-bv¡p-I-, -tcJ-I-fn-epw- {]-am-W-§-fn-epw- {]-kn-U-ân--t\m-sSm¸w- H-̧ n-Sp-I-, kan-Xn- Xo-cp-am-\-{]-Im-cw- -sNe-hp-I-Ä- \-S-¯p-I-. A--t]£-I-Ä- kzo-I-cn-¡p-I- Xo-cp-am-\m-\p-kc-Ww- Ah Xo-À-¸m-¡p-I-. e-Lp-k¼m-Zy- hm-bv]- {]-h-À-¯-\-¯n-sâ Np-a-X-e-¡m-cn- F-¶- \n-e-bn-Â- k¼m-Zy- -tiJ-c-W-hpw- hm-bv]- e-`y-am-¡-epw,- I-W-¡p- _p-¡p-I-Ä- A-S-¡p-ap-Å-h- F-gp-Xn- kq-£n-¡-epw- (kz-́ w- \n-e-bn-Â-), hn-tijm-Â- -s]mXp-k`-I-Ä- {]-kn-U-ân-sâ A-\p-a-Xn--tbm-sS hn-fn-¨p--tNÀ-¡-Â-. {]-Xn-hm-c-/kan-

11

$ Ip-Spw-_-§-fp--sS `-h-\- \n-À-½m-Ww- ap-X-em-b- Im-cy-§-fn-Â- ]-©m-b-¯v, [-\-Im-cy- kvYm-]-\-§-Ä-, C-X-c- kÀ-¡m-À- kw-hn-[m-\-§-Ä- C-h-bp--sS klm-bw- ]q-À-®-am-bn- {]--tbmP-\--s¸Sp-¯p-I-.

$ ]-©m-b-¯v, C-X-c- kÀ-¡m-À- G-P-³-kn-I-Ä- \-S-¸m-¡p-¶- a-cm-a-¯v ]-Wn-I-fn-Â- I-½yq-Wn-än- -tIm¬-{Sm-Înw-Kv kw-hn-[m-\-̄ n-Â- -sN¿p-¶-Xn-\v A-b-Â-¡q-«--s¯ {]m-]vX-am-¡p-I-.

$ hn-I-k\- {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-fn-Â- A-b-Â-¡q-«- ]-¦m-fn-¯w- ]q-À-®-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- -t_m[-h-Â-¡-c-W- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- \-S-¯p-I-.

A-Sn-kvYm-\- ku-I-cy- -thmf-ân-b-À- $ A-b-Â-¡q-«w- kvYn-Xn- -sN¿p-¶- ̀ q-{]--tZiw-, A-hn-

Sp--s¯ Ip-Spw-_-§-Ä- C-h-bp--sS A-Sn-kvYm-\- ku-I-cym-h-iy-§-Ä- Xn-«--s¸Sp-¯n- A-Sn-kvYm-\- ku-I-cy- ]-²-Xn- X-¿m-dm-¡p-I-.

$ A-h-cp--sS `-u-Xn-Im-h-iy-§-Ä- -Isï¯p-I-. $ A-Sn-kvYm-\- ku-I-cy- hn-I-k\-̄ n-\v _-Ô--s¸«-

F-Un-F-kv ap--tJ\- {Km-a-k -̀bp--tSbpw- kn- Un- F-kv/ ]-©m-b-¯v `-c-W-kan-Xn-bp--tSbpw- {i-²-bn-Â--s¸Sp-¯n- ]-cn-lm-cw- -Isï¯p-I-.

Zm-cn-{Zyw- F-¶m-Â.....Zm-cn-{Zyw- \-ap-¡v Np-äpw- D-Å-Xp--sImïv A--sX´m--sW¶v \-½-Ä- a-d-¶p- -t]mIp-¶p-.......................... H-cp- Zn-h-kw- H-cp- B-Zn-hm-kn- Ip-Spw-_w- I-®o--tcm-sS F-sâ A-Sp-̄ v h-¶p-. A-h-cp--sS Ip-Sn-Â- Xo-]n- Sp-̄ -̄ n-Â- \-in-̈ p- -sh®o-dm-bn-, hoSpïm¡m³ F{X cq] thïn hcpw? Rm-³- A-h--tcmSp- -tNmZn-̈ p-. \m-ev cq-]-- A-h-À- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-ªp- \m-ev cq-]- A-Â-Uvkv l-Ivkn-bp--sS "t{_hv \yq- -thÄ-Uv' -t\mh-en-sâ H-cp- -tIm¸n-bp--sS hn-e-. A-Xm-Wv Zm-cn-{Zyw-. _-kvI-dn-Â- Xq-¡n- -sImÃm-³- hn-[n-¡--s¸«- a-cn-b- F-¶- Ip-ä-hm-fn--tbmSv A-h-km-\--s¯ B-{K-l--sa´m--sW¶p- P-bn-Â- A-[n-Ir-X-À- -tNmZn-̈ p-. ""N-̧ m-̄ n-bpw- ao-³-I-dn-bpw-......'' A-Xm-bn-cp-¶p- a-cn-b-bp--sS a-dp-]-Sn-........! P-bn-Â- A-[n-Ir-X-À- -sImSp-̄ - N-̧ m-̄ n-bpw- ao-³-I-dn-bpw- ]-Ip-Xn- I-gn-̈ --tijw- _m-¡n- -s]mXn-ªp- -sI«n- a-cn-b- Xn-cn-̈ p--sImSp-̄ p-. F-sâ a-I-³- P-bn-en-\p- ]p-d-¯pïv. C-X-h-\v -sImSp-¡-Ww-. C-{X-bpw- kzm-Zp-Å- ̀ -£-Ww- A-h-³- C-Xp-h--sc I-gn-¨n-«pïm-hn-Ã-...” A-Xm-Wv Zm-cn-{Zyw-!- Ip-ªp-§-Ä- ̀ -£-W- Ip-d-hv aq-ew- a-cn-̈ p- -t]mIp-¶-Xm-Wv Zm-cn-{Zyw-!\n-§-fp--sS ̀ m-cy-bpw- A-½-bpw- Po-hn-X-̀ m-cw- aq-ew- -s]mSp-¶--s\ hm-À-²-Iy-̄ n-sâ ]n-Sn-bn-Â- A-I--s¸Sp-¶-Xm-Wv Zm-cn-{Zyw-. A-l-¦m-cn-bm-b- D--tZymK-kvY--s\Xn--sc \n-cm-bp-[-\m-bn- \n-Â--t¡ïn- h-cp-¶-Xm-Wv Zm-cn-{Zyw-....! \o-Xn-bp--sS hm-Xn-en-\p- ap-¶n-Â- a-Wn-¡q--tdmfw- \n-Â--t¡ïn-h-¶--tijw- {]--thi-\w- e-̀ n-¡m--sX -t]m Ip-¶-Xm-Wv Zm-cn-{Zyw- ...! IS¸mSv: hm«vkvB¸v

Zm-cn-{Zy--t¯mSp-Å- \-½p--sS kao-]-\w- F-´m-Wv?Zm-cn-{Zyw- F-¶-Xv H-cp- km-aq-ly-Xn-·-bm-Wv. A-Xp--sImïv Zm-cn-{Zy-¯n-Â- \n-¶pw- -tamN-\w- -t\-tS ï-Xpw- km-aq-ly-am-bn- X--s¶ B-bn-cn-¡-Ww-. Z-cn-{Z- ]-£-¯p-\n-¶p--sImïvv -thK-¯n-epw- kp-X-cy-am-bpw- A-À-l-X--s]«-h-À-¡v A-h-cp--sS ]-cn-an-Xn-I--sf a-dn-I-S-¡p-¶-Xn-\v kz-bw- {]m-]vX-cm-¡p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS {]-h-À-¯-\- X-{´w-.

A-b-Â-¡q-«w- hn-I-k\-¯n-sâbpw- B-kq-{X-W-¯n-sâbpw- bq-Wn-äv B-Ip-¶-Xv F-{]-Im-c-am-Wv?am--täXp- Zm-cn-{Zy- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- Ip-Spw-_-{io--sb hy-Xy-kvX-am-¡p-¶-Xv A-Xn-sâ kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\-am-Wv. A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS L-S-\- X--s¶ A-h--sb hn-I-k\- bq-Wn-äv F-¶- \n-e-bn-Â- I-ïp--sImïm-Wv. F{]ImcamWv AbÂIq«w hnIk\ bqWnäpIÄ BIp¶sX¶v t\m¡w $ {Km-a- k`-bn--se {In-bm-ß-I- ]-¦m-fn-¯w- $ A-À-l-cm-b- Kp-W--t`màm-¡--sf I--sï¯-Â- $ {]m--tZin-I- B-h-iy-§-Ä- (Local needs) I--sï-

s¯p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- i-à-am-b- -thZn- $ {]m--tZin-I- P-\-X-bp--sS ]-¦m-fn-̄ w- D-d-̧ m-¡m-³-

I-gn-bp-¶p-. $ X--t±io-b- A-dn-hp-I-fp--sS -tI{µw- $ Aw-K- Ip-Spw-_-§-fp--sS ka-{K- hn-h-c-§-Ä- $ {]m--tZin-I- B-h-iy-§-Ä- hn-e-bn-cp-¯p-¶p-. $ A-b-Â-¡q-«-X-e- -ssa-t{Im ¹m-³- X-¿m-dm-¡p-¶p-

$ Cu- ¹m-\n--se B-h-iy-§-Ä- ap-³-K-W-\m- {I-a-¯n-Â- {Km-a- k -̀bn-Â-- A-h-X-cn-̧ n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- -t\Xr-X-zw- \-Â-Ip-¶p-. A--tXm-sSm¸w- kn- Un- F-Ên-sâ {i-²-bn-Â--s¸Sp-¯n- kn- Un- F-kv B-£-³- ¹m-\n-Â- D-Ä--s¸Sp-¯p-¶p-.

$ Ip-Spw-_-{io- an-j-³- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fp-am-bn- ssa-t{Im ¹m-\n--s\ _-Ô--s¸Sp-¯p-¶p--.

$ kz-´w- \n-e-bn-Â- G--säSp-¡m-hp-¶- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- G--säSp-¡p-¶p-.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]--tZi-̄ p-Å- ap-gp-h-³- A-À-l-cm-b- Ip-Spw-_-§--sfbpw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- Aw-K-§-fm-¡p-¶p-. -

$ Xo-{h- Zm-cn-{Zy- {]--tZi-§-Ä-/Ip-Spw-_-§--sf I--sï¯n- A-h--sc A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fn-Â- Aw-K-§-fm-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- -t\Xr-X-zw- \-Â-Ip-¶p-. A-h- cp- -sS ]-cn-an-Xn-I-Ä- I--sï¯p-I- ]-cn-an-Xn-I--sf a-dn-I-S-¡p-hm-³- A-h--sc kz-bw {]m]vX-cm-¡p-¶p-.

12

kq-£va-X-e- B-kq-{X-Ww- (-ssa-t{Im ¹m-³-) F-¶m-Â- F-´v?D--t±iy-¯n-\-\p-kcn-¨v kq-£va-X-e- B-kq-{X-W- ¯n-sâ \n-À-Æ-N-\-hpw- am-dpw-. Ip-Spw-_-{io- {]-h-À-¯-\-hp-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸«v kq-£va-X-e- B-kq-{X-W--s¯ Xms-gb-̧ -d-bp-¶- {]-Im-cw- \n-À-Æ-Nn-¡mw-. "Hm--tcm A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-¯n-sâbpw- A-h-cp--sS Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ bpw- A-h-À- A-[n-h-kn-¡p-¶- {]--tZi-¯n-sâbpw- hn-I-k\m-h-iy-§--sf ]-¦m-fn-¯- co-Xn-bn-Â- I--sï ¯p-I-bpw- A-h- -t\Sn--sbSp-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- X-¿m-dm-¡p-¶- I-À-½- ]-²-Xn-bp-am-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io--sb kw-_-Ôn-̈ v kq-£va-X-e- B-kq-{X-Ww- F-¶p- ]-d-bp-¶-Xv.'

Cu- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- Hm--tcm A-b-Â-¡q-«-hpw- {]--tXy-Iw- {]--tXyIw- -sN¿p-¶-X-Ã-. a-dn-¨v A-b-Â-¡q-«- `m-c-hm-ln-I-Ä- {]--tXyIn-¨v -thmf-ân-b-À-am-À- A-h-cp--sS D-̄ -c-hm-Zn-̄ w- kz-b--tah- \n-À-Æ-ln-¡p--t¼mÄ- C-¡m-cy-§--sfÃmw- -ssZ\w-Zn-\- {]-h-À-¯-\-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-bn-¯--s¶ \n-À-Æ-ln-¡--s¸Spw-.

A-b-Â-¡q-«-X-e- -thmf-ân-b-À-am-À- {]-Xn-hm-c-- tbmK-§-fn-Â- X-§-fp--sS -taJ-e-I-fn--se {]-h-À-¯-\-§--sf kw-_-Ôn-¨v dn--t¸mÀ-«v -sN¿m-dp--tïm? C-Ãm--sb¦n-Â- C-h-cp--sS {]-h-À-̄ -\w- i-àn--s¸Sp-̄ m-³- F--s´Ãmw- -sN¿m-³- I-gn-bpw-? N-À-¨- -sN¿p-I-.

X--t±i-`-c-W- kvYm-]-\-§-fp-am-bn- F-{]-Im-c-am-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io- {Xn-X-e-kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\w- _-Ô--s¸«n-cn-bv¡p-¶-Xv?ap-I-fn-Â- -sImSp-¯n-«p-Å- Nn-{X--s¯ A-Sn-kvYm-\--s¸Sp-̄ n- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\-̄ n--se Hm--tcm L-S-I-hpw- X--t±i-`-c-W-kvYm-]-\-§-fp-am-bn- F-{]-Im-cw- _-Ô--s¸«n-cn-bv¡p-¶p-h-¶v N-À-̈ - -sN¿p-I-.XpSÀ¶v Xm--sg-s¡mSp-¯n-cn-bv¡p-¶- Ip-dn-¸p-I-Ä- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- N-À-¨- -sN¿p-I-. Cu- hn-j-b-§-fn-Â- A-b-Â-¡q-«w- F-´p- \n-e-]m--sSSp-¡pw-?

Ip-dn-¸v 1H-cp- Z-cn-{Z-bm-b- bp-h-Xn- C-h-À-¡v Ip-Spw-_-{io-bn-Â- Aw-K-am-I-W--sa¶p-ïv. F-¶m-Â- C-h-cp--sS hm-À-Un-ep-Å- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä- C-h-À-¡v Aw-K-X-zw- \n--tj[n-¡p-¶p-. CXp icnbmtWm-? C-h--sc Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-am--t¡ï-Xp--tïm? Aw-K-am-¡n-bm-Â- A-Xp-- sImïv F-´v am-ä-am-Wv C-h-cp--sS Po-h-¯n-Â- D-ïm-Ip-¶-Xv.

{]-Xo-£n-X- N-À-¨m- kq-N-I-§-Ä- $ Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- Aw-K-X-zw- -sIm-

Sp-¡-Ww- $ Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-X-zw- kv{Xo-I-fp--sS A-h-Im-

i-am-Wv. $ AÀlcmbhsc AbÂ¡q«¯nÂ DÄs¸Sp¯pI F

¶Xv A\nhmcyamWv Hmtcm IapSpw_{io Aw K¯nsâbpw ISabmWv C{]Imcw AÀlsc Isï¯p I F¶Xv

$ ............................................................................

Ip-dn-¸v 2kväm-À- A-b-Â-¡q-«w- {]-h-À-¯-\w- B-cw-`n-¨n-«v 12 h-À-jw- I-gn-ªp-. ap-¶m-a-Xv en--t¦Pn-eq--sS C-h-À-¡v 9 e-£w- cq-]- In-«n-bn-«p-ïv. -tem¬- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv Xo--cm dm-bn-. Nn-«-bm-bn- A-b-Â-¡q-«w- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶-Xn-\n-S-bn-em-Wv H-cp- kz-Im-cy- -ssa-t{Im ^n-\m-³-kv kvYm-]-\w- 15 e-£w- cq-]- hm-bv]- -sImSp-¡mw- F-¶- hm-KvZm-\-hp-am-bn- h-¶-Xv. ]-en-i- \n-c-¡v Iq-Sp-X-em--sW¦n-epw- hm-bv]- F-Sp-¡mw- F-¶m-Wv `q-cn-]-£w- A-b-Â-¡q-«- Aw-K-§-fp--sSbpw- Xo-cp-am-\w-.

Cu- Xo-cp-am-\--s¯ \n-§-Ä- A-\p-Iq-en-¡p-¶p--tïm? A-\p-Iq-en-¡p-¶p--sh¦n-Â- F-´p--sImïv? C-Ãm--sb¦n-Â- F-´p--sImïv? en--t¦Pv hm-bv]--tbm/kam-\-am-b- a-äv hm-bv]-I--tfm F-Sp-¡p--t¼mÄ- A-b-Â-¡q-«w- F--s´Ãmw- Im-cy-§-Ä- ]-cn-K-Wn-¡-Ww-? en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- F-ń--s\Ãmw- D-]--tbmKn-¡mw-?

$ {]-Xo-£n-X- N-À-¨m- kq-N-I-§-Ä- $ A-b-Â-¡q-«w- Aw-K-§-fp--sS B-h-iyw- ]-cn-K-Wn-

¨p- am-{X--ta hm-bv]- F-Sp-¡m-hq-. $ A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-\v A-h-cp--sS -hm-bv] ¹m-³- D-ïm-

I-Ww- $ e-`y-am-b- en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- i-cn-bm-bn- hn-\n--tbm

Kn-¡-Ww- $ .....................................................................................

$ ..............................................................................................

kn.Un.Fkv

F.Un.Fkv

AbÂIq«w{Kmak`/

hmÀUv k`

hmÀUv

{Kma]©mb¯v/\Kck`

13

¯-Ww-. $ ...........................................................................

$ ..............................................................................

Ip-dn-¸v 5 $ X-cp-Wn-a- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-cw-`-I-bm-Wv. i-cm-i-

cn- 20,000 cq-]- C-h-À- am-kh-cp-am-\-am-bn- -t\Sp-¶p-ïv. F-¶m-Â- Cu- Xp-I--sbÃmw- ̀ -À-̄ m-hn--s\ G-Â-¸n-¡-Ww-. H-cp- cq-]- -t]mepw- X-cp-Wn-a-bv¡v kz-´-am-bn- Nn-e-h-gn-¡m-³- I-gn-bn-Ã-. F-ń-\pw- G-Xn-\pw- `-À-¯m-hn--t\mSv -tNmZn-¡-Ww-.

$ kz-]v\- aq-¶m-a-Xpw- {]-khn-¨-Xv -s]¬-Ip-ªn--s\bm-Wv. A--tXmSp-Iq-Sn- `-À-¯m-hpw- A-h-cp--sS ho-«p-Im-cpw- A-h--sf H-ä--s¸Sp-¯m-\pw- F--t¸m gpw- Ip-¯p-hm-¡v ]-d-bm-\pw- Xp-S-§n-.

$ \n-§-fp--sS {]--tZi--s¯ A-̧ m-c-Â- ]m-À-¡n-Â- 100 I-W-¡n-\v kv{Xo-I-Ä- ]-Wn--sbSp-¡p-¶pïv. {]m- Y-an-I- Im-cy-§-Ä- \n-À-Æ-ln-¡p-¶-Xn--t\m H-¶v hn-{i-an-¡p-¶-Xn--t\m -t]mepw- a-Xn-bm-b- ku-I-cy-§-fn-Ãm--sX -sImSn-b- Nq-j-W-am-Wv C-hn--sS \-S-¡p-¶-Xv.

$ \n-§-fp--sS X--t±i-kvYm-]-\-̄ n--se ]-²-Xn- X-¿m-dm-¡n-b-Xv ]-cn--tim[n-̈ --t¸mÄ- ]²Xn hnlnX¯nsâ 10% h-\n-Xm-L-S-I- ]-²-Xn-¡v \o-¡n--sh¨n-«p-ïv. _m-¡n- 90% ̄ n-Â- _-lp-. ̀ q-cn-]-£w- ]-²-Xn-I-fpw- kv{Xo-I--sf ]-cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã-. \n-§-Ä- C-¡m-cyw- X--t±i-̀ -c-W- A-²y-£--s\/A-²y-£--sb/hm-À-Uv -sa¼--sd A-dn-bn-̈ --t¸mÄ- \n-§-Ä-¡v In-«n-b- a-dp-]-Sn- C-{]-Im-c-am-Wv, ”""10% \o-¡n--sh¨n-«p-ïv. A-Xp--sImïv Xr-]vXn--s¸-t«mf-Ww-'' F-¶m-Wv”.

ap-I-fn-Â- -sImSp-̄ n-«p-Å- km-l-N-cy-§-Ä- ]-cn--tim[n-¡p-I-.

Cu- km-aq-ly- km-l-N-cy-§-Ä/\-b-§-Ä- C--t¸mgpw- \n-e-\n-Â-¡p-¶p--tïm? D--sï¦n-Â- F-´p--sImïv? Cu- hn-j-b-§-fn-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\-¯n-sâ \n-e-]m-Sv F-´m-bn-cn-¡-Ww-?Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\-¯n-\v {]m--tbm-Kn-I-am-bn- C-¡m-cy-¯n-Â- F-´p--sN¿m-³- I-gn-bpw-?

{]-Xo-£n-X- N-À-¨m- kq-N-I-§-Ä- $ kv{Xo-bp--sS h-cp-am-\-¯n-Â- kv{Xo-I-Ä-¡m-Wv

D-S-a-kvY-X- $ B-¬-Ip-«n--sbbpw- -s]¬-Ip-«n--sbbpw- Xp-ey-am-

bn- ]-cn-K-Wn-¡-Ww- $ kv{Xo-IÄ -s]cp-am-dp-¶- F-Ãm- -taJ-e-bn-epw-

Xp-ey-]-cn-K-W-\-bpw- Xp-ey-\o-Xn-bpw- e-`n-¡-Ww- $ X--t±i-`-c-W-kvYm-]-\-§-fp--sS ]-²-Xn- \n-À-Æ-

l-Ww- kv{Xo-I-fp--sS khn--tij- {]-iv\-§--sf A-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn--t\m-sSm¸w- kv{Xo-bv¡pw- ]p-cp-j-\pw- H--tc -t]m-se _m-[-I-am-b- ]-²-Xn- I-fpw- \-S-¸n-em-¡-Ww-.

Ip-dn-¸v 3im-ń-]p-cw- {Km-a-]©mb-¯n--se _-lp-`q-cn-]-£w- kv{Xo-I-fpw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§-fm-Wv. ]-«n-Wn- C--sÃ¦n-epw- C-h-cp--sS Po-hn-Xm-h-kvY- h-f--sc -tami-am-Wv. Ip-«n-I-Ä-¡v \-Ã- hn-Zym-̀ ym-kw- -sImSp-¡p-¶-Xn--t\m -sa -̈-s¸«- B--tcmKy- ]-cn-N-c-W- kw-hn-[m-\-§-Ä- e`yam¡p-¶-Xn--t\m C-h-À-¡v I-gn-bp-¶-n--Ã-. e-̀ n-¡p-¶- Xp-Ñ-am-b- h-cp-am-\w- -sImïv Po-hn-X-¯n-sâ c-ï-ä-hpw- Iq-«n- ap-«n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v C-h-À-¡v I-gn-bm-dn-Ã-. im-́ n- ]p-cw- {Km-a-¯n--se Cu- Zp-c-h-kvY-bv¡v- ]-cn-lm-cw- D-ïm-IWw-. im-ń-]p-c--s¯ A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡v C-¡m-cy-¯n-Â- F--s´Ãmw- -sN¿m-³- I-gn-bpw-. {]-Xo-£n-X- N-À-¨m- kq-N-I-§-Ä- $ kw-cw-`-§-Ä- B-cw-`n-¡mw- $ ImÀjnI arKkwc£W {]hÀ¯\§Ä

iàns¸Sp¯Ww $ Un-Un-bp-Pn--sI-ssh- ]-cn-io-e-\-̄ n-Â ]s¦Sp¡Ww $ D-]-Po-h-\- {]-h-À-¯-\w- A-h-iy-am-b-h-cp--sS en-

kväv X¿mdm¡Ww. $ ....................................................................................

$ ............................................................................................

Ip-dn-¸v 4 $ A-K-Xn-c-ln-X- -tIc-fw- Kp-W--t`màm-¡--sf I--

sï¯p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- H-cp- kÀ--tÆ. $ sse^v ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- Kp-W--t`màm-¡--sf I--

sï¯p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- -th-sdmcp- kÀ--tÆ $ -t£a- -s]³-j-\p-I-Ä- \-Â-Ip-¶-Xn-\m-bn- a--sämcp-

kÀ--tÆ $ -tdj-³- -tjm¸p-I-fn-eq--sS Z-cn-{Z- hn-`m-K-§-Ä-

¡p-Å- [m-\y- hn-X-c-W-¯n-\m-bn- C-\n-bp--samcp- kÀ--tÆ. C-{]-Im-cw- Zm-cn-{Zy- e-Lq-I-c-W- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- F-{X--tbm kÀ--tÆI-fpw- ]-T-\-§-fp-am-Wv \-S-¡p-¶-Xv. A-b-Â-¡q-«- Aw-K-§-fm-Wv Cu- kÀ--tÆbn-Â- _-lp-`q-cn-]-£-hpw- \-S-¯p-¶-Xv. H--t«-sd ka-b-hpw- ]-W-hpw- C-Xn-eq--sS \-ã-am-Ip-¶p-ïv. A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡v C-Xn--s\mcp- ]-cn-lm-cw- D-ïm-¡m-³- I-gn-bp--tam?A-b-Â-¡q-«- ̀ m-c-hm-ln-I-Ä-¡v C-¡m-cy-̄ n-Â- F-́ v ]-¦m-Wv h-ln-¡m-\p-Å-Xv?-Cu- ]-d-ª- Im-cy-§-fn--sem-s¡ C-S--s]S-ep-I-Ä- A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-sâ [-À-½-am--tWm? B--sW¦n-Â- F-´p--sImïv?

{]-Xo-£n-X- N-À-¨m- kq-N-I-§-Ä- $ ]-e-hn-[- kÀ--tÆI-Ä- \-S-¯p-¶-Xv ]-W-hpw- ka-

b-hpw- \-ã--s¸Sp-¯p-¶p-. $ A-b-Â-¡q-«-X-e-¯n-Â- ka-{K-am-b- ¹m-³- D-ïm-

I-Ww- $ A-b-Â-¡q-«- -thmf-ïn--tbgvkn--s\ i-àn--s¸Sp-

14

-t¡ï-Xn-sâ B-h-iy-I-X- F-´m-Wv?3. A-[n-Im-c- hn--tI{µo-I-c-W- {]-{In-b-bn-Â- Z-cn-{Z--sc

{In-bm-ß-I-am-bn- ]-¦m-fn-bm-Ip-¶-Xn-\v Ip-Spw-_-{io-bv¡v F-́ v [-À-½-am-Wv \n-À-Æ-ln-¡m-\p-Å-Xv.

{]-Xo-£n-X- N-À-¨m- kq-N-I-§-Ä- $ hn-I-k\- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fn-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io-bv¡v

]-¦v D-ïv $ {Km-a-k`-bn-Â- ]--s¦Sp-¯v A-`n-{]m-b-§-Ä- -tcJ-

-s¸Sp-¯-Ww-. $ X--t±i-`-c-W-kvYm-]-\-¯n-sâ hm-À-jn-I- ]-²-Xn-

I-Ä- X-¿m-dm-¡p--t¼mÄ- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS \n-À--t±i-§-Ä- hm-À-Uv -sa¼-À- ap--tJ\-bpw- F- Un- F-kv ap--tJ\-bpw- X--t±i-̀ -c-W- kvYm-]-\-̄ n-sâ {i-²-bn-Â- -sImïp- h-c-Ww-.

$ ................................................................................

$ .............................................................................................”””””””””””””””.Hm--tcm {]--tZi-¯p-ap-Å- Z-cn-{Z--scbpw- A-À-l-cm-b-h--scbpw- I--sï¯n- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- -tNÀ--t¡ï-Xv Hm--tcm A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-¯n-sâbpw- I-S-a-bm-Wv. -tIh-ew- km-¼-¯n-I- {I-b-hn-{I-b-§-Ä-¡-¸p-d-¯v {]m--tZin-I- km-¼-̄ n-I- hn-I-k\-̄ n-epw- A-[n-Im-c- hn--tI{µo-I-c-W- {]-{In-b-bn-epw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä- {In-bm-ß-I-am-bn- C-S--s]Sp--t¼mgm-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS D--t±iy-e-£y-§-Ä- ]q-À-̄ o-I-cn-¡--s¸Sp-¶-Xv. Hm--tcm A-b-Â-¡q-«-hpw- A-Xn-\m-bn-«m-Wv {]-h-À-̄ n--t¡ï-Xv.

hn-e-bn-cp-¯-Â- -tNmZy-§-Ä-1. A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]-h-À-¯-\w- i-àn--s¸Sp-¯m-³- F--

s´Ãmw- -sN¿m-³- I-gn-bpw-?2. Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«- ̀ m-c-hm-ln-I-fp--sS Np-a-

X-e-I-fpw- D-̄ -c-hm-Zn-̄ -§-fpw- F--s´Ãm-am-Wv?3. Zm-cn-{Zy- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\-¯n-\m-bn- A-b-Â-¡q-«-

§-Ä-¡v F--s´Ãmw- ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-Ä- G--säSp-¡m-³- I-gn-bpw-?

4. {Km-a-k -̀bn-Â- ]--s¦Sp--t¡ï-Xn-sâ B-h-iy-I-X- F-´m-Wv?

Xp-S-À- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-1. \-½p--sS A-b-Â-Iq-«- {]--tZi-¯v C-\n-bpw- A-b-

Â-Iq-«-§-fn-Â- Aw-K-X-zw- F-Sp-¡m-¯-h-cp--sS ]-«n-I- X-¿m-dm-¡n- A-h--scbpw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-Iq-«-§-fn-Â- -tNÀ-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- \-S-]-Sn-I-Ä- kzo-I-cn-¡p-I-?

2. A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-fp--sSbpw- A-h-cp--sS Ip-Spw-_mw-K-§-fp--sSbpw-A-`n-cp-Nn-I-Ä- a-\-Ên-em-¡n- A-b-Â-¡q-«-X-e-¯n-Â- H-cp- D-]-Po-h-\-¹m-³- X-¿m-dm-¡p-I-?

3. {Km-a-k`-bn-Â- D-¶-bn-¡m-\m-bn- A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-fp--sSbpw- A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]--tZi-¯n-sâbpw- hn-I-k\m-h-iy-§-Ä- N-À-¨- -sNbvXv H-cp- Ip-dn-¸v X-¿m-dm-¡p-I-.

$ kv{XoIÄ ]WnsbSp¡p¶ Øe§fnÂ AhÀ¡mhiyamb kuIcy§Ä Dd¸m ¡Ww.(DZm: kv{Xo kulrZ ipNn apdn IÄ, Ccn¡m\apÅ kuIcyw apXembh)

$ ..............................................................................................

$ ...................................................................................

Ip-dn-¸v 6]m-cn-kvYn-Xn-I- kw-Xp-e-\m-h-kvY--sb X-In-Sw- a-dn-¨p--sImïv F--t«mfw- ]m-d-a-S-I-fm-Wv im-ń-]p-c-¯v {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶-Xv. A--tXm-sSm¸w- C-hn--sSbp-Å- ]p- g-I-fpw- -tXmSp-I-fpw- a-en-\am-Wv. kz-Im-cy- hy-àn-I-fpw- kvYm-]-\-§-fpw- am-en-\y-§-Ä- X-Åp-¶-Xm-Wv C-h- a-en-\--s¸Sm-³- {]-[m-\-Im-c-Ww-. G-{]n-Â-, -sabv am-k§-fn-Â- Ip-Sn--shÅw- im-ń-]p-c-¯p-Im-À-¡v In-«m-¡-\n-bm-Wv. H-cp- Im-e-¯v Ip-f-§-fpw- Im-hp-I-fpw-, I-ï-Â-¡m-Sp-I-fpw- N-Xp-̧ p-I-fp--saÃmw- im-́ n-]p-c-̄ n-sâ kar-²n-bp--sS `m-K-am-bn-cp-¶p-. C-¶-h--sbÃmw- H--s¶m¶m-bn- C-Ãm-Xm-bn- -sImïn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. Ip-«n-I-fp--sS I-fn-kvY-e-§--sfÃmw- ̂ vfm-äp-I-Ä-¡v h-gn-am-dn-. ¹m-kvän-Iv Iq-Sp-I-fn-Â- -s]mXn-ªv -sI«n-b am-en-\y-§-Ä- -tdmUp-I-fp--sS C-cp-h-i-hpw- \n-d-ªp- In-S-¡p-¶-Xv C-¶v ]p-Xp-a-b-Ãm-¯- Im-gvN-bm-Wv.

Zm-cn-Zy- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\w- ap-Jy-e-£y-am-bn- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶- Ip-Spw-_-{io-bv¡v C-¡m-cy-̄ n-Â- F--s´¦n-epw- -sN¿m-\p--tïm? A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡v F-́ v ]-¦m-Wv C-¡m-cy-¯n-Â- h-ln-¡m-³- I-gn-bp-I-?

Cu- {]-iv\-§-Ä-¡v ]-cn-lm-cw- D-ïm--t¡ï-Xv Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS am-{Xw- D-¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-am--tWm? a-äp-Å-h--sc C-¡m-cy-§-Ä- -t_m[y--s¸Sp-¯m-³- H-cp- k½-À-±- {Kq-̧ v F-¶- \n-e-bn-Â- \n-§-Ä-¡v F--s´Ãmw- -sN¿m-³- I-gn-bpw-?

{]-Xo-£n-X- N-À-¨m- kq-N-I-§-Ä- $ hn-`-h-§-fp--sS kw-c-£-Ww- Zm-cn-{Zy- e-Lq-I-c-W-

¯n-\v B-h-iy-am-Wv. $ hn-`-h- kw-c-£-W-hpw- am-en-\y- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\-

hpw- -s]mXp- kaq-l-¯n-sâ B-h-iy-am-Wv. -s]m Xp- kaq-l-¯n--se Aw-Kw- F-¶- \n-e-bn-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§-fpw- A-h-cp--sS I-S-a- \n-À-Æ-ln-¡-Ww-.

$ .................................................................................. ””””””””””

$ .............................................................................................”””””””””””Ip-dn-¸v 71. {]m--tZin-I- hn-I-k\- B-kq-{X-W-, \n-À-Æ-l-W-

{]-h-À-¯-\-¯n-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- {Xn-X-e- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\-¯n-\v (kn-Un-F-kv, F-Un-F-kv, A-b-Â-¡q-«w-) F--s´¦n-epw- ]-¦v \n-À-Æ-ln-¡m-³- D--tïm?

2. {Km-a-k`-I-fn-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§-Ä- ]--s¦Sp-

15

hn-e-bn-cp-¯-Â- -sN¡ven-kväv

C-\w- ]q-À-®-am-bn- I-gn-bp-¶p-

`m-Kn-I-am-bn- I-gn-bp-¶p-

-sa¨--s¸-tSï-Xp-ïv

Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-L-S-\sbIpdn¨pw AXnsâ e£y§sf-Ipdn¨pw a-\-Ên-em-¡m-³- I-gn-ªp-.?

`m-c-hm-ln-I-fp--sS Np-a-X-e-I-Ä- F-§--s\ \n-À-h-ln-¡-W--sa¶v -t_m[yw- h-¶p- ?

{]m--tZin-I- km-¼-¯n-I- hn-I-k\-¯n-Â- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\p-Å- Np-a-X-e-I-Ä- Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªp-.

H-¶mw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kv¡q-fn-\p- -tijw- A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]-h-À-¯-\-§--sf {I-a--s¸Sp-¯m-³- I-gn-ªp-.

16

F-´m-Wv {Xn-^väv ? $ H-cp- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n--se km-¼-¯n-I-am-bn- G-ä-

hpw- ]n--t¶m¡w- \n-ev¡p-¶- Aw-K-̄ n-\v -t]mepw- \n-jv{]-bm-kw- \n--t£]n-¡m-³- I-gn-bp-¶- Xp-I-.

$ {Xn-^väv F-¶- hm-¡n-sâ A-À-°w- an-X-hy-bw- F-¶m-Wv.

F-{X- Xp-I-bm-Wv Hm--tcm A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-hpw- {Xn-^väm-bn- \-ev-tIï-Xv ? $ {Xn-^väv Xp-I- Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- ]q-À-®-

am-b- A-[n-Im-cw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\m-Wv. $ A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n--se G-ä-hpw- h-cp-am-\w- Ip-d-ª- Aw-K

-̄ n-\v \nt£]n¡m³ Ignbp¶- hn-ln-Xw- F-¶- \n-e- bn-Â- B-bn-cn-¡-Ww- {Xn-̂ väv Xp-I I-W-¡m--t¡ï-Xv. F¶mÂ Cu XpI AbÂIq«¯nsâ Xocpam\ ¯n\v hnt[bambn hfscb[nIcn¡m¯ \nebnÂ hyXykvX \nc¡nÂ BImhp¶XmWv.

$ {Xn-^väv Xp-I- \-evIm-³- -tijn-bn-Ãm-¯- Aw-K-§-Ä-¡v {]-Xn-hm-c- {Xn-^väv Xp-I- \n-À-_-Ô-am--t¡ï-Xn-Ã-.

$ {Xn-̂ väv kw-Jy-I-Ä- F-§--s\bm-Wv A-b-Â-¡q-«w- kzo-I-cn--t¡ï-Xv ?

$ B-gvN--tXmdp-ap-Å- A-b-Â-¡q-«- -tbmK-§-fn-Â- A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-Kw- ]--s¦Sp--t¡ï-Xm-Wv. A-b-Â-¡q-«- -tbmK-¯n-Â- h-¨v Hm--tcm Aw-Kw-hpw- X-§-fp--sS {Xn-^väv kw-Jy- A-b-Â-¡q-«- sk{I-«-dn--sb -t\cn-«v G-Â-¸n--t¡ï-Xm-Wv.

$ A-b-Â-¡q--«- sk{I-«-dn--sb-sImïv A--t¸mÄ- X--s¶ Aw-K-¯n-sâ ]m-kv _p-¡n-Â- {Xn-^väv kw-Jy- h-c-hv h¨v hm--t§ï-Xm-Wv.

F-´m-Wv B-´-cn-I- hm-bv]- ?H-cp- A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-̄ n-\v A-h-cp--sS A-Sn-b-́ n-c- {]m -[m-\y-ap-Å- G-Xp- Im-cy-̄ n-\pw- hn-\n--tbmKn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p--thïn- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- \n-¶pw- I-S-am-bn- A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶- Xp-I-bm-Wv B-´-cn-I- hm-bv]-.

IpSpw_{io ]²XnIÄ2A[ymbw

B-ap-Jw-

Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS hn-hn-[- ]-²-Xn-I--sf ]-cn-N-b--s¸Sp-¯p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv Cu- ]m-T-`m-K-¯n-sâ e-£yw-. Hm--tcm ]-²-Xn-bp--tSbpw- khn--tij-X-I-Ä- A-Xn-sâ hy-h-kvY-I-Ä-, A-h- e-£yw- hbv¡p-¶- P-\-hn-`m-Kw- F-¶n-h- hn-i-Z-am-bn- C-Xn-Â- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-¨n-«p-ïv.

H-¶m-a-Xv Ip-Spw-_-{io- kvIq-fn-Â- ]m-Tw- 2 Â Ip-Spw -_-{io - ]-²-Xn -I-Ä- \-½-Ä- N-À -¨- sNbvXn-cp-¶p-. ]m-T-`m-K-§-Ä- Hm-À-½n-¡p-¶-Xn- \pw- F-{X-am-{Xw- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä- -t\Sn--sbSp-¯p- F-¶v ]-cn--tim[n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-am-Wv ho-ïpw- Cu- ]m-Tw- \-½-Ä ]-cn--tim[n-¡p-¶-Xv.

]-T-\--t\«-§-Ä- $ Ip-Spw-_-{io- ]-²-Xn-I-fp-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸«- \n--

t£]w-, hm-bv]-, {Km-âv, k_vkn-Un- F-¶n-h--sb¡p-dn-¨v [m-c-W- -t\Sp-¶p-.

$ Ip-Spw-_-{io- an-j-sâ hn-hn-[- ^-ïp-I-Ä- Xm-c-X-ayw- -sN¿p-¶p-.

$ Ip-Spw-_-{io-bn-Â- Hm-Un-än-sâ {]m-[m-\yw- Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp-¶p-.

$ Fw-.sF-.F-kv \m-fn-Xo-I-c-W-¯n-sâ {]m-[m- \yw- Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp-¶p-.

$ Im-À-jn-I- cw-K--s¯ Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-Ä- hn-i-I-e-\w- -sN¿p-¶p-

$ hn-hn-[- -taJ-e-I-fn--se ]-²-Xn-I-Ä- Xm-c-X-ayw- -sN¿p-¶p-.hn-hn-[- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä- -t\Sn--sbSp-¡m-\p-Å- -tijn- -ssIh-cn-¡p-¶p-.

01. kq-£va- km-¼-¯n-I- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- \-S-¡p-¶- A-\-u-]-Nm-cn-I- _m-¦nw-Kv {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-k¼m--Zy- io-ew- h-f-À-¯p-I-, -sImÅ-¸-en-i-¡m-cn-Â- \n-¶pw- kz-bw- c-£--t\Sp-¶-Xn-\p- klm-bn-¡p-I-, A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-fp--sS km-¼-¯n-I- {I-b-hn-{In-b- -tijn- h-À-²n-¸n-¡p-I-, -s]-s«¶p-Å- km-¼-¯n-Im-h-iy-§-Ä-¡v ]-cn-lm-cw- Im-Wp-I- F-¶--sXÃmw- Cu- {]-h-À-¯-\-¯n-sâ e-£y-am-Wv.

17

IpSpw_{io ]²XnIÄ

§m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. (H-¶mw- en--t¦Pv, c-ïmw- en--t¦Pv F-¶n-§--s\)

_m-¦v B-cp--sS -t]cn-em-Wv en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xv?en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-bv¡v A--t]£n--t¡ï-Xv A-b-Â-¡q-«-am-Wv. _m-¦v en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- \-evIp-¶-Xpw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\m-Wv - hy-àn-¡-Ã-.en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- A-b-Â-¡q-«w- B-À-¡pw- ̂ o-tkm ]m-cn--tXmjn-I--tam \-Â--tIï-Xn-Ã-.

_m-¦n-Â- \n-¶pw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\v hm-bv]- e-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v F--s´¦n-epw- \n-_-Ô-\-bp--tïm?/F-´m-Wv -t{KUnw-Kv ?A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-\v _m-¦n-Â- \n-¶pw- hm-bv]- e-̀ n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v \n-_-Ô-\-I-fp-ïv. A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-sâ {]-h-À-̄ -\w- _m-¦v hn-e-bn-cp-¯pw-. \-Ã- co-Xn-bn-Â- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶- A-b-Â-¡q-«-am--sW¶v -t_m[y--s¸«m-³- am-{X--sa hm-bv]- A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-I-bp-Åp-. _m-¦n-sâ Cu- hn-e-bn-cp-¯-en--s\ -t{KUnw-Kv F-¶p-]-d-bp-¶p-. Xm--sg]-d-bp-¶- am-\-Z-WvU-§-Ä- BWv t{KUnwKnsâ `mKambn hnebncp¯pI $ A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ L-S-\- $ A-b-Â-¡q-«w- B-cw-`n-¨- h-À-jw- $ {]-Xn-am-kw- F-{X- -tbmK-§-Ä- \S¶p $ Aw-K-§-fp--sS lm-P-À- $ an-\n-«vkv _p-¡v - F-gp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-sâ Ir-Xy-

X-bpw- hy-à-X-bpw- $ N-À-¨-I-fn-Â- Aw-K-§-fp--sS ]-¦m-fn-¯w- $ {]-Xn-am-kw- F-{X-{]m-h-iyw- {Xn-^väv -tiJ-c-Ww-

\-S-¯p-¶p- $ {Xn-^väv Xp-I-bpw- hm-bv]m- Xn-cn-¨-S-hpw- -tiJ-cn-

¡p-¶--sX§--s\? $ N-À-¨-I-fp--tSbpw- Xo-cp-am-\w- F-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-sâ

bpw- kz-`m-hw-. $ B-́ -cn-I- hm-bv]- A-\p-h-Zn-¡-epw- hn-X-c-W-hpw-. $ B-´-cn-I- hm-bv]-bp--sS ]-en-i- \n-c-¡v. $ k¼m-Zy-̄ n-sâ F-{X-i-X-am-\w- hm-bv]- \-evIm-³-

D-]--tbmKn-¡p-¶p-. $ B-´-cn-I- hm-bv]- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv. $ G--sXÃmw- c-Pn-kvä-dp-I-fpw- -tcJ-I-fpw- kq-£n-

¡p-¶p-. $ -ss_-tem-sb¡p-dn-¨v Aw-K-§-Ä-¡p-Å- A-dn-hv

-t{KUnw-Kn-Â- -taÂ- kq-Nn-¸n-¨- 15 am-\-Z-WvU-§-fn-Â- Hm--tcm¶pw- _m-¦v hn-e-bn-cp-¯n- am-À-¡v \-evIpw-. B--sI 150-Â- B-bn-cn-¡pw- am-À-¡v. C-Xn-Â- 120 (80%) am-À-¡v F-¦n-epw- -t\Sp-¶- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä- am-{X--sa -t{KUnw-Kv ]m-km-Ip-I-bp-Åp-.

F-{X- Xp-I- h--sc _m-¦v en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- \-evIpw- ?A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ B--sI k¼m-Zy-¯n-\v

H-cp- Aw-K-¯n-\v F-{X-cq-]-h--sc hm-bv]- \-evImw-?H-cp- Aw-K-̄ n-\v F-{X- cq-]-h--sc hm-bv]- \-evImw- F-¶p- Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- ]q-À-®-am-b- A-[n-Im-cw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\m-Wv. A-b-Â-¡q-«- Aw-K-¯n-sâ k¼m-Zy-¯n-\v B-\p-]m-Xn-I-am-bn- A-b-Â-¡q-« tbmK-¯n-Â- N-À-¨- -sNbvXv Cu- Xp-I- Xo-cp-am-\n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

N-À-¨-bv¡vAw-K-§-Ä-¡v hm-bv]- A-\p-h-Zn-bv¡p--t¼mÄ- F--s´Ãmw- Im-cy-§-fm-Wv ]-cn-K-Wn--t¡ï-Xv? $ Aw-Kw- hm-bv]-bv¡v A--t]£- \-evIp-¶p-. $ A--t]£- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- N-À-¨-bv¡v hn--t[b-

am-¡p-¶p-. $ --------------------------............................................................................................--------- $ .............................................................................................------------------------------------

A-b-Â-¡q-«w- \-evIp-¶- hm-bv]-bp--sS ]-en-i- ? $ hm-bv]-bv¡v A-b-Â-¡q-«w- ]-en-i- Cu-Sm-¡p-¶-

Xm-Wv. $ Cu- ]-en-i- \n-c-¡v A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ -tbm

K-¯n-Â- Xo-cp-am-\n--t¡ï-Xm-Wv. $ F-¶m-Â- C-{]-Im-cw- Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-¶- hm-bv]-bp-

-sS hm-À-jn-I- ]-en-i- \n-c-¡v 12 i-X-am-\-¯n-\v ap-I-fn-Â- A-[n-I-cn-¡m-³- ]m-Sp-Å-X-Ã-.

]-en-i- F--t¸mÄ- H-gn-hm-¡mw-?-tcmKw-, AXym-ln-Xw- Xp-S-§n- hy-àn-]-c-am-bn- D-ïm-Ip-¶- hn-j-a-X-I-fp--sS `m-K-am-bn- A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-Ä-¡v km-¼-¯n-I- X-I-À-¨- D-ïm-Ip-¶- kµ-À-`-¯n-Â- A-b-Â-¡q-«- Xo-cp-am-\- {]-Im-cw- ]-en-i- C-f-hv, ]-en-i- H-gn-hm-¡-Â- Xp-S-§n-b- B-i-zm-k\-S-]-Sn-I-Ä- kzo-I-cn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

1. \n-§-fp--sS A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- {Xn-^väv kw-Jy- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨--t¸mÄ- G-ä-hpw- ]m-h--s¸«- Aw-K-¯n-sâ A-h-kvY- ]-cn-K-Wn-¨n-cp--t¶m?

2. hm-bv]- A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xv P-\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-am-b- N-À-¨-bn-eq--sSbm--tWm?

3. {Xn-^väv Xp-I- F--s´Ãmw- B-h-iy-§-Ä-¡m-Wv D-]--tbmKn-¨-Xv?

4. ]n-g- ]-en-i- Cu-Sm-¡m-³- hy-h-kvY- D--tïm?

_m-¦v en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-F-´m-Wv _m-¦v en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-? \-Ã-co-Xn-bn-Â- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶- Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡v A-h-bp--sS k¼m-Zy-¯n-\v B-\p-]m-Xn-I-am-bn- _m-¦n-Â- \n-¶pw- hm-bv]- e-`n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. Cu- hm-bv]-bv¡m-Wv _m-¦v en--t¦Pv hm-bv]--sb¶p- ]-d-bp-¶-Xv. A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\v F-{X-X-h-W- -thW--sa¦n-epw- _m-¦n-Â- \n-¶pw- en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- hm-

18

¡q-«-¯n--se ap-gp-h-³- Aw-K-§-fpw- _m-¦p-am-bn- H-cp- D-S-¼-Sn-bn-Â- H-¸v -sh-t¡ï-Xm-Wv. Cu- D-S-¼-Sn-¡v C-â-À- tk F-{Kn--saâv F-¶p- ]-d-bp-¶p-.

_m-¦v hm-bv]-bp--sS A-¡-u-ïv -ssIIm-cyw- -sN¿p-¶-Xn-\v G-ä-hpw- Ip-d-ª-Xv 3 A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§--sf Np-a-X-e--s¸Sp-¯-W--sa¶pw-, A-b-Â-¡q-«- Aw-K-§-fp--sS A-dn--thm-sSbpw- k½-X--t¯m-sSbp-am-Wv -tem¬- F-Sp-¡p-¶--sX¶pw- -tem¬- A-S-bv¡m-\p-Å- D-¯-c-hm-Zn-X-zw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\m--sW¶pw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n--se ap-gp-h-³- Aw-K-§-Ä-¡pw- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv D-d-¸m--t¡ï- D-¯-c-hm-Zn-X-zw- D-ïm-bn-cn-¡pw- F-¶-Xp-am-Wv C-â-À- tk F-{Kn--saân-sâ D-Å-S-¡w-.

en--t¦Pv hm-bv]m- c-Pn-kvä-À-en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- -ssIIm-cyw- -sN¿p-¶-Xn-\v {]--tXyI- c-Pn-kvä-À- A-b-Â-¡q-«w- kq-£n--t¡ï-Xm-Wv. c-Pn-kvä-dn-Â- Hm--tcm Aw-K-¯n-\pw- Hm--tcm -t]Pv ho-Xw- \o-¡n--sh¡p-I-bpw- Hm--tcm Aw-K-¯n-tâbpw- hm-bv]m- hn-h-c-§-fpw- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv hn-h-c-§-fpw- -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯p-I-bpw- -sNbvXn-cn-¡-Ww-.

en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-bp--sS Xn-cn-¨-S-hv ?_m-¦v hm-bv]- A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xv A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\m-W-.v (A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-fp--sS -t]cn-e-Ã-). A-b-Â-¡q-«-am-Wv hm-bv]m- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv \-S-¯p-¶-Xv. hm-bv]- Xn-cn-¨-S-bv-t¡ï- D-¯-c-hm-Zn-X-zw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n--se Hm--tcm Aw-K-¯n-\p-am-bn-cn-¡pw-.hm-bv]m- Xn-cn-̈ -S-hn-\v a-\-]q-À-Æw- ho-gvN-h-cp-̄ p-¶- Aw-K-§-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- hm-bv]- Xp-I- Cu-Sm-¡p-¶-Xn-\v F--s´Ãmw- -sN¿m-³- km-[n-¡pw- ?Aw-K-§-Ä- A-h-À-¡p- e-̀ n-̈ - hm-bv]- Ir-Xy-am-bn- Xn-cn-¨-S-bv-t¡ï-Xm-Wv. Xn-cn-¨-S-hn-Â- ho-gvN- h-cp-¯p-¶- Aw-K-§-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- hm-bv]- Xp-I- Cu-Sm-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- Xm--sg]-d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶- Im-cy-§-Ä- \-S-¸n-em-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. $ t{]c-W-bpw- {Kq-¸v k½-À-±-hpw- $ ho-gvN-¡m-cn-Â- \n-¶pw- ]n-g- ]-en-i- Cu-Sm-¡-Â- $ k¼m-Zy- hn-ln-Xw- hm-bv]-bn--tebv¡v h-I-am-ä-Â- $ \n-b-am-\p-kr-X-am-b- C-X-c- \-S-]-Sn-I-Ä-

am-¨nw-Kv {Km-âvF-´m-Wv am-¨nw-Kv {Km-âv? e-Lp-k¼m-Zyw- -t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- B-´-cn-I- hm-bv]m- {]-h-À-¯-\--s¯ i-àn--s¸Sp-¯p-¶-Xn- \pw- _m-¦v en--t¦Pv hm-bv]m- ku-I-cyw- {]--tbmP-\--s¸Sp-̄ p-¶-Xn-\pw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡v Ip-Spw-_-{io-bn-Â- \n-¶pw- e-`n-¡p-¶- -t{]mÕm-l-\- Xp-I-bm-Wv am-¨nw-Kv {Km-â-.v

en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- e-`n-¨- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS k¼m-Zy-¯n-sâ 10% ]-c-am-h-[n- 5,000 cq-]- am-¨nw-Kv {Km-âm-bn- Ip-Spw-_-{io- an-j-\n-Â- \n-¶pw- e-`n-¡p-¶p-.

B-\p-]m-Xn-I-am-bm-Wv _m-¦v A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\v hm-bv]- \-ÂIp-¶-Xv. A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ B--sI k¼m-Zy-¯n-sâ H-¶v ap-X-Â- B-dv C-c-«n- Xp-I-h--sc hm-bv]-bm-bn- e-`n-¡pw-. hm-bv]-bv¡p-Å- ]-en-i,- Xn-cn- -̈S-hv hy-h-kvY- Xp-S-§n-b-h- ap-³-Iq-«n- _m-¦p-am-bn- [m-c-W-bn--se-t¯ï-Xm-Wv.

A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ G--sXm-s¡ B-h-iy-§-Ä-¡v en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- D-]--tbmKn-¡mw-? $ A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-fp--sS h-cp-am-\- h-À-²-\-hn-\p-

X-Ip-¶- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v (D-Zm-: kw-cw-`- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fn-Â- G-À--s¸Sp-I-, I-¨-h-Sw-, Im-À-jn-I- - ar-K- kw-c-£-W- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- F-¶n-h-)

$ km-aq-ln-Im-h-iy-§-Ä-¡v (D-Zm-: ho-Sp- \n-À-½m-W-hpw- ]p-\-cp-²m-cm-W-hpw- hn-hm-lw-, hn-Zy-`ym-kw-, B--tcmKy- ]-cn-N-c-Ww- ap-X-em-b-h-)

$ \n-e-hn-ep-Å- I-S-§-Ä- ho-«p-¶-Xn-\v

B-cm-Wv en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-bp--sS Xn-cn-¨-S-hv \-S--t¯ï-Xv ? $ en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-bp--sS Xn-cn-¨-S-hv \-S--t¯ï-Xv

A-b-Â-¡q-«-am-Wv. $ hm-bv]- Ir-Xy-am-bn- Xn-cn-¨-S-bv¡p-¶p- F-¶v D-d-

¸m--t¡ï-Xv ap-gp-h-³- A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-fp--tSbpw- D-¯-c-hm-Zn-X-z-am-bn-cn-¡pw-.

A-b-Â-¡q-«w- -t{KUnw-Kv ]m-km-bn--sÃ¦n-Â- ho-ïpw- hm-bv]-bv¡v A--t]£n-¡m-³- km-[n-¡p--tam?A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\v X-§-fp--sS -t]mcm-bva-I-Ä- ]-cn-l-cn-¨v {]-h-À-¯-\w- -sa¨--s¸Sp-¯n- aq-¶p- am-k¯n-\p--tijw- ho-ïpw- -t{KUnw-Kn-\p- hn--t[b-am-Im-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. -t{KUnw-Kv ]m-km-Ip-¶-Xp-h--sc A--t]£n-¡mw-. en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-¡v A--t]£- \-Â-I-Â- ? $ A-b-Â-¡q-«w- -tbmKw- -tNÀ-¶v G--sXm-s¡ Aw-

K-§-Ä-¡v en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-¡v A-À-l-X--sb¶pw- A-h-cp--sS G--sXm-s¡ B-h-iy-̄ n-\m-Wv hm-bv]--sb¶pw- F-{X- Xp-I-¡p--thïn- _m-¦n--t\mSv B-h-iy--s¸S-W--sa¶pw- Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-I-bpw- Xo-cp-am-\w- an-\p-Svkn-Â- -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯p-I-bpw- -thWw-.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«w- en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-bv¡p-Å- A--t]£- X-¿m-dm-¡n- kn-.Un-.F-kn-sâ ip-]m-À-i--tbm-sS _-Ô--s¸«- _m-¦v {_m-©n-\v ka-À-¸n-¡-Ww-.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«- Aw-K-§-fp--sS G-Xv B-h-iy-¯n-\m-Wv hm-bv]- D-]--tbmKn-¡p-¶--sX¶v A--t]£-bn-Â- hy-à-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡-Ww-.

$ kn-.Un-.F-Ên-sâbpw- F-.Un-.F-kn-tâbpw- A-dn--thm-sSbpw- ip-]m-À-i--tbm-sSbpw- am-{X--ta A--t]£- _m-¦n-Â- ka-À-¸n-¡m-hq-.

C-â-À-tk F-{Kn--saâv (]-c-kv]-c- [m-c-W- D-S-¼-Sn-)en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- _m¦v]m-Êm-¡n- I-gn-ªm-Â- A-b-Â-

19

B-À-¡m-Wv am-¨nw-Kv {Km-âv e-`n-¡p-I- ? {]-h-À-̄ -\w- B-cw-̀ n-̈ v 6 am-kw- I-gn-ª-Xpw-, -t{KUnw-Kv ]m-km-bn- en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- e-`n-¨- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡m-Wv am-¨nw-Kv {Km-âv e-`n-¡p-¶-Xv. 50% -tam A-Xn-Â- Iq-Sp-X--tem F-kv.kn-/ F-kv.Sn- Aw-K-§-Ä- D-Å- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡v -t{KUnw-Kn-Â- 80% am-À-¡v e-`y-am-bm-Â- en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-bp--sS A-`m-h-¯n-epw- am-¨nw-Kv {Km-âv e-`n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.

am-¨nw-Kv {Km-âv F-{X-X-h-W- e-`n-¡pw- ? H-cp- A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-\v ]-c-am-h-[n- am-̈ nw-Kv {Km-âv Xp-I-bm-b- 5,000 cq-]- e-`n-¡p-¶-Xp-h--sc Hm--tcm en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- e-`n-¡p--t¼mgpw- am-¨nw-Kv {Km-ân-\v A--t]£n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

am-¨nw-Kv {Km-ân-\v A--t]£n-¡p-¶--sX§--s\ ?am-¨nw-Kv {Km-ân-\p-Å- A--t]£- X-¿m-dm-¡n- kn-.Un-. F-kv. ap--tJ\- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Pn-Ãm- an-j-\v ka-À-¸n-¡-Ww-. A--t]£--tbm-sSm¸w- Xm--sg ]-d-bp-¶- -tcJ-I-Ä- Iq-Sn- ka-À-¸n--t¡ï-Xm-Wv1. tem¬- kÀ-«n-^n-¡-äv - (_m-¦n-Â- \n-¶v) 2. t{KUnw-Kv -t^md-¯n-sâ ]-I-À-¸v 3. k¼m-Zy- c-Pn-kvä-dn-sâ _-Ô--s¸«- -t]Pn-sâ

]-I-À-¸v 4. _m-¦v ]m-Êv _p-¡n-sâ ]-I-À-¸v 5. ka-À-¸n-¡p-¶- -tcJ-I-fn-Â- -sa¼-À- sk{I-«-dn-,

-sNb-À--t]gvk¬- F¶nhÀ km-£y--s¸Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡-Ww-.

dn--thmÄ-hnw-Kv ^-ïv

A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-fp--sS B-´-cn-I- hm-bv]m- {]-h-À--̄\--s¯ i-àn--s¸Sp-̄ p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- \-Â-Ip-¶- km-

¼-¯n-I- klm-b-am-Wv dn--thmÄ-hnw-Kv ^-ïv. Cu- Xp-I- Aw-K-§-Ä-¡v ho-Xn-¨v F-Sp-¡p-hm-³- I-gn-bn-Ã-. A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä- Aw-K-§-fp--sS B-´-cn-I- hm-bv]- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-¡p- am-{X--ta D-]--tbmKn-¡p-hm-³- ]m -Sp-Åp-.

A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡v dn--thmÄ-hnw-Kv ^-ïm-bn- Ip-d-ª-Xv 10,000/- cq-]- ap-X-Â- ]-c-am-h-[n- 15,000/- cq-]- h--sc Pn-Ãm- an-j-\n-Â- \n-¶pw- e-`y-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\v A-À-l-X-bp-ïm-bn-cn-¡pw-.

am-\-Z-WvU-§-Ä- $ A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- Ip-d-ª-Xv 75% Aw-K-§-Ä-

F-¦n-epw- _n-]n-F-Â- Ip-Spw-_-§-fn-Â- \n-¶p-Å-h-cm-bn-cn-¡-Ww-,

$ B-cw-`n-¨v- aq-¶p- am-kw- I-gn-ª- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡p- am-{X--ta ̂ -ïv e-̀ n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- A-À-l-X-bp-

ïm-bn-cn-¡p-I-bp-Åp-.

A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS km-¼-¯n-I- {]-h-À-¯-\w- Nn-e- am-Xr-I-I-Ä-

B-´-cn-I- k¼m-Zyw- D-]--tbmKn-¨pw- en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- D-]--tbmKn-¨pw- an-I-¨- {]-h-À-¯-\w- \-S-¯n-b- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä- \-½p--sS kw-kvYm-\-¯v D-ïv. k¼m-Zy- Xp-I- D-]--tbmKn-̈ v Ir-jn-¡m-bn- kvY-ew- hm-§n-̈ -h-À-, {Ko-³- -t{]m-t«m-t¡mÄ- ]m-en-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- kväo-Â- ]m-{X-§-Ä- hm-§n- A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]--tZi-¯v hm-S-I-bv¡v \-Â-Ip-¶-h-À-, Im-À-jn-Im-h-iy-¯n-\m-bn- P-e- tkN-\- ]-¼v hm-§n-b-h-À-, \n-À-²-\-cm-b- -tcmKn- I-Ä-¡v km-¼-¯n-I- klm-bw- e-`y-am-¡n-b-h-À-, hn-hn-[- hym-]m-c- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- kw-L-Sn-¸n-¨-h-À-, kw-cw-`-§-Ä- Bcw-`n-¨-h-À-, A-K-Xn-Ifm-bpÅh-À-¡v ho-Sv- -shbv¡m-³- km-¼-¯n-I- klm-bw- \-Â-In-b-h-À- C-§--s\ \n-c-h-[n- an-I-¨- am-Xr-I-I-Ä- \-ap-¡p- Im-Wm-³- I-gn-bpw-.

\n-§-fp--sS A-b-Â-¡q-«-hpw- C--tXm C-Xn--t\¡m-Ä- an-I-¨--tXm B-b- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- kw-L-Sn-¸n-¨n-«p-ïm-hpw- A-h- \n-§-fp- -sS Ip-Spw-_-{io- kv¡q-Ä- A-[ym-]-I-sâ {i-²-bn-Â--s¸ Sp-̄ n- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-kvYm-\- an-j-\n-Â- A-dn-bn-¡m-³- \-S-]-Sn- kzo-I-cn-¡p--tam? Xm-g-¡m-Wp-¶- hn-em-k ¯n--te¡v A-b-¨p- X-cn-I-

-t{]m{Kmw- Hm-ô-kÀ- (kw-L-S-\-)Ip-Spw-_-{io-

kw-kvYm-\- Zmcn{Zy \nÀ½mÀP\ an-j-³--saUn-¡-Â- -tIm-tfPv ]n- H-

Xn-cp-h-\-´-]p-cw-

\-½-Ä- -sNdp-X-Ã-!!!!h-ep-Xm-bn- Nn-ń-¡p-I-.

\-½p--sS Ip-ª-³- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§--sfÃmw- Iq-Sn- B-́ -cn-I- k¼m-Zy-am-bn- \m-fn-Xp-h--sc 4,308 -tImSn cq-]- kam-l-cn-¨n-«p-ïv. B-´-cn-I- hm-bv]m- {]-h-À-¯-\-¯n-eq--sS 17,489 -tImSn- cq-]-bp--sS hm-bv]- Aw-K-§-Ä-¡v e-`y-am-¡n-.

1,99,018 A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä- \m-fn-Xp-h--sc en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- F-Sp-¯n-«p-ïv. 9966 -tImSn- cq-]-bm-Wv C-Xp- {]-Im-cw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡v e-`y-am-b-Xv.

\-ap-¡pw- h-en-b- kzv]-\-§-Ä- Im-Wm-³- I-gn-bpw-.

B-ß- hn-im-k-s¯m-sS ap--t¶dp-I-.

20

Xn-cn-̈ -S-hv co-Xn-bn-Â- hn-X-c-Ww- -sN-t¿ï-Xm-Wv. $ Po-h-Im-cp-Wy- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fn-Â- G-À--s¸Sm-³-

X-ev]-c-cm-b- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§-Ä-¡v hn-.B-À-. F-̂ v--tebv¡v kw-̀ m-h-\- \-Â-Im-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. Iq-Sm--sX a-äp- kvYm-]-\-§-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- ̂ -ïv F-.Un-.F-kv. ap-³--ssI-sbSp-¯v I--sï-t¯ï-Xm-Wv.

ap-I-fn-Â- ]-d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶- G--sXÃmw- km-¼-¯n-I- klm-b-§-Ä- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\p- -t\Sm-³- I-gn-ªp-? In-«n-bn-«n--sÃ¦n-Â- F-́ p--sImïv F-¶v N-À-̈ - -sNbvXv -t]mcm-bva-I-Ä- ]-cn-l-cn-¡p-I-.

]-en-i- k_vkn-Un-_m-¦v en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- F-Sp-¯n-«p-Å- Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡v 4% ]-en-i-bv¡v _m-¦v hm-bv]- e-`y-am-¡p-¶- ]-²-Xn-.

-tbmKy-Xm-am-\-Z-WvUw- $ -tIc-f-¯n--se -tZikmXvIrX _m-¦n-Â- \n--t¶m

sjUyq-Ä-Uv _m-¦n-Â- \n--t¶m kl-I-c-W- _m-¦p-I-fn-Â- \n--t¶m _m-¦v en--t¦Pv F-Sp-̄ n-«p-Å- {Km-a-/\-K-c- {]--tZi-§-fn--se kn-.Un-.F-kv. Aw-K-am-bn-«p-Å- F-Ãm- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fpw- {]-kvXp-X- kvIo-an-\v -tbmKy-cm-Wv.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡v A-h-cp--sS B-h-iy-a-\p-kcn-̈ v _m-¦n-sâ \n-b-a-§-Ä-¡-\p-kcn-¨v hm-bv]- F-Sp-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. F-¶m-Â- 3 e-£w- cq-]- h--scbp-Å- hm-bv]-I-Ä-¡p- am-{X--ta ]-en-i-k_vkn-Un- B-\p-Iq-eyw- e-`y-am-Ip-I-bp-Åq-.

$ aq-¶p- hm-À-jn-I- K-Up-¡-fm-bm-Wv k_vkn-Un- B-\p-Iq-eyw- e-̀ y-am-¡p-¶-Xv. km-[m-c-W-bm-bn- 36 am-kam-bn-cn-¡pw- hm-bv]m- Im-em-h-[n-, A-b-Â-¡q-«w- Cu- Im-em-h-[n-¡p- ap-¼v hm-bv]- A-S-¨p-Xo-À-¡p-¶- ]-£w- {]-kvXp-X- Im-e-b-f-hv h--scbp-f-f- ]-en-i- k_vkn-Un- B-\p-Iq-eyw- am-{X--ta e-`n-¡p-I-bp-f-fq-.

$ ]-c-am-h-[n- 12.5% ]-en-i-bv¡p-Å- en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-bv¡v 4% Ip-d-hp--sNbvXv ]-c-am-h-[n- 8.5% ]-en-i- k_vkn-Un-bm-Wv e-̀ y-am-¡p-¶-Xv. hm-bv]-m ]-en-i- 12.5%- ̄ n-Â- Ip-d-bp-¶-X-\p-kcn-̈ v ]-en-i- k_vkn-Un-bpw- B-\p-]m-Xn-I-am-bn- Ip-d-bp-¶-Xm-Wv.

$ 2016 G-{]n-Â- 1 ap-X-Â-¡p-Å- hm-bv]-I-fm-Wv ]p- Xn-b- k_vkn-Un- kvIo-an-sâ ]-cn-[n-bn-Â- h-cp-¶-Xv.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡p-Å- ]-en-i- k_vkn-Un-bpw- Sn- Xo-b-Xn- ap-X-ep-Å- -sPF-Â-Pn- ]-en-i- k_vkn-Un-bpw- Pn-Ãm- an-j-\p-I-fn-Â- \n-¶p-am-bn-cn-¡pw- {Kq-¸p-I-Ä-¡v e-`y-am-¡p-I-.

A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä- Xm--sg]-d-bp-¶- Im-cy-§-Ä- Ir-Xy-am-bn- ]m-en-¡p-¶-h-bm-bn-cn-¡-Ww-:

( Ir-Xy-am-bn- F-Ãm- A-gvN-bn-epw- -tbmKw- -tNcp-¶- A-b-Â-¡q-«-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww-. A-b-Â-¡q-«- -tbmK-§-fn-Â- Aw-K-§-fp--sS lm-P-À- 90%tam A-Xn-Â- Iq-Sp-X--tem D-ïm-bn-cn-¡-Ww-

( Aw-K-§-Ä- X-§-fp--sS k¼m-Zyw- Ir-Xy-am-bn- F-Ãm- A-gvN-bn-epw- A-b-Â-¡q-«- -tbmK-̄ n-Â- \n--t£]n-¡p-¶- A-b-Â-¡q-«-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww-

( Ir-Xy-am-bn- B-´-cn-I- hm-bv]- {]-h-À-¯-\w- \-S-¯p-¶- A-b-Â-¡q-«-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww-.

( B-´-cn-I- hm-bv]- e-`y-am-Ip-¶- A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-Ä- Ir-Xy-am-bn- hm-bv]- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv \-S-¯p-¶- A-b-Â-¡q-«-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww-. (Xn-cn-¨-S-hn-Â- Ip-Sn-Èn-I- D-ïm-Ip-hm-³- ]m-Sp-Å-X-Ã-).

( Ip-Spw-_-{io- \n-jvI-À-jn-¨n-«p-Å- F-Ãm- c-Pn-kvä-dp-I-fpw- -tcJ-I-fpw- kq-£n-¡p-I-bpw- Ir-Xy-am-bn- F-gp-Xn- kq-£n-¡p-I-bpw- -sN¿p-¶- A-b-Â-¡q-«-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww-.

h-Ä-W-d-_n-en-än- dn-U-£v³- ^-ïv (hn-.B-À-.F-^v.)

A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä- -t\cn-Sp-¶- B-I-kvan-I- {]-iv\-§-Ä- A-Xm-b-Xv A-kp-Jw-, A-]-I-Sw-, {]-Ir-Xn- Zp-c-´w-, ]-«n-Wn- Xp-S-§n-b-h--sb -t\cn-Sm-³- A-Sn-b-́ n-c- klm-b--sa¶- \n-e-¡v F-.Un-.F-kv. ap-Jm-ń-cw- \-Â-In-h-cp-¶- ^-ïm-Wv h-Ä-W-d-_n-en-än- dn-U-£v³- ^-ïv. H-cp- A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-\v 15,000/- cq-]- h--scbm-Wv \-Â-Ip-¶-Xv. hn-B-À-F-^v Xp-I- Pn-Ãm- an-j-³- c-ïp- K-Up-¡-fm-bn- (B-Zy- K-Up- - 60% hpw- c-ïmw- K-Up- - 40% hpw-) F-.U-.n-F-kv. B-h-iy--s¸Sp-¶- ap-d-bv¡v \-Â-Ipw-. $ hn-.B-À-.F-̂ v Xp-I- A-b-Â-¡q-«w- H-cp- h-À-j- Im-

e-b-f-hn-\p-f-fn-Â- 2% ]-en-i- kln-Xw- Xn-cn-¨-S--t¡ï-Xm-Wv.

$ F-.Un-.F-Ên-\v e-`y-am-¡p-¶- hn-.B-À-.F-^v-sâ 10% B-]-Â-L-«-§-fn-Â- Aw-K-§-Ä-¡v A-Sn-b-ń-c- klm-bw- \-Â-Ip-¶-Xn--tebv¡m-bn- am-än-h-bv-t¡ï-Xm-Wv.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\v \-Â-Ip-¶- hn-.B-À-.F-^v. Xp-I-bp--sS Xn-cn-¨-S-hv H-cp- h-À-j-¯n-\p-Ån-Â- ]q-À-¯n-bm-¡p-hm-³- F-.Un-.F-kv. {i-²n--t¡ï-Xm-Wv.

$ hn-.B-À-.F-^v. ̂ -ïv e-`y-am-Ip-¶- A-b-Â-¡q-«w- Xn-cn-̈ -S-hv \-S-̄ p-¶- km-l-N-cy-̄ n-Â- A-h-cp--sS Hm--tcm am-k-t¯bpw- Xn-cn-̈ -S-hv K-Up-¡-Ä- F-.Un-.F-kv ap-³-Iq-dm-bn- {I-ao-I-cn-̈ p- \-Â--tIï-Xm-Wv.

$ 25 % am-{X--ta {Km-âm-bn- \-Â-Im-³- ]m-Sp-Åp-. 75%

21

A-b-Â-¡q-«- hm-bv]-bpw-, kz-Im-cy- hm-bv]-bpw- X-½n-ep-Å- hy-Xym-kw-

A-b-Â-¡q-«w- _m-¦n-Â- \n-¶pw- F-Sp-¡p-¶- hm-bv]-

Ip-Sp-_-{io- h-gn- _m-¦v hm-bv]-

kz-Im-cy-]-W-an-S-]m -Sn-Â- \n-¶v hm-bv]-

hy-Xym-kw-

hm-bv]m-Xp-I- 1,00,000 1,00,000 0

hm-À-jn-I- ]-en-i- \n-c-¡v 12.00% 12.00% 0

X-cn-̈ -S-hv am-k§-fp--sS F-®w- 36 36 0

C-.Fw-.sF- 3,321 3,321 0

B--sI ]-en-i- Xp-I- (36 am-kw-) 19,572 19572 0

B--sI Xn-cn-¨-S--t¡ï- Xp-I- (36 am-kw-)

1,19,572 1,19,572 0

]-en-i- k_vkn-Un- (Ip-Sw-_-{io-) (3 h-À-jw-)

13,894 0 13,894

am-¨nw-Kv {Km-âv (Hä¯hW) 5,000 0 5,000

B--sI Ip-Spw-_-{io- [-\-klm-bw- (]-en-i- k_vkn-Un- + am-¨nw-Kv {Km-âv

18,894 0 18,894

B--sI Xn-cn-¨-S-¡p-¶-]-en-i- Xp-I- (3 h-À-jw-)

678 19,572 18,894

A-b-Â-¡q-«w- 1 am-kw- A-S-¡-ï- ]-en-i-Xp-I-

19 549 525

B--sI Xn-cn-¨-S-¡p-¶- Xp-I-(3 h-À-jw-)

1,00,678 1,19,572 18,894

A-b-Â-¡q-«- Aw-Kw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- \n-¶pw- F-Sp-¡p-¶- hm-bv]-

A-b-Â-¡q-«-Aw-Kw- hm-bv]m- Xp-I- 10,000

hm-À-jn-I- ]-en-i-\n-c-¡v 12.00%

Xn-cn-¨-S-hv am-k§-fp--sS F-®w- 36

C-.Fw-.sF- 332

B--sI Xn-cn-¨-S--t¡ï-Xp-I- (36 am-kw-) 11,957

B--sI ]-en-i- Xp-I- (36 am-kw-) 1,957

1 h-À-jw- A-S--t¡ï- ]-en-i- Xp-I- 652

1 am-kw- A-S--t¡ï- ]-en-i- Xp-I- 54

22

]-²-Xn-bp--sS -t\«-§-Ä-N-À-¨- -sN¿p-I-A-b-Â-¡q-«--tam A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-Ä- -tNÀ--t¶m en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-b-Ãm--sX a-äp- ]-W-an-S-]m-Sv kvYm-]-\-§-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- hm-bv]- F-Sp-¯n-«p--tïm? C-Xn-sâ ]-en-i- \n-c-¡v I-W-¡m-¡n-bn-«p--tïm? C-{]-Im-cw- Im-Wp-¶n-S-¯p-\n--s¶Ãmw- I-S--saSp-¡p-¶-Xv A-]-I-S-I-c-am--sW¶- Xn-cn-¨-dn-hv D--tïm?

""I-Sw- H-cp- [-\-a-Ã''

Ip-Spw-_-{io- C-³-j-z-d-³-kv ]-²-Xn-Ip-Spw-_-{io- kv{Xo- kp-c-£- _o-am- -tbmP-\--tIc-f-¯n--se 42 e-£--t¯mfw- h-cp-¶- A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-fm-b- h-\n-X-I-fp--sS Po-h-\v ]-cn-c-£- \-Â-Ip-I-bpw- A-h-cp--sS 09 ap-X-Â- 12 ¢m-kp-h--sc ]-Tn-¡p-¶- c-ïp- Ip-«n-I-Ä-¡v {]-Xn-h-À-jw- kv-tImf-À-jn-¸v e-`y-am-¡p-I-bpw- -sN¿p-¶- H-cp- \-ho-\- C-³-jp-d-³-kv ]-²-Xn-¡v Ip-Spw-_-{io- {]m-cw-`w- Ip-dn-¨n-«p-ïv. Ip-Spw-_-{io-bpw- -sse^v C-³-j-z-d-³-kv -tImÀ-¸--tdj-³- Hm-^v C-ý-bpw- kw-bp-à-am-bm-Wv Cu- ]-²-Xn- \-S-̧ n-em-¡p-¶-Xv. km-[m-c-W- A-dp-]-Xp- h-b-Êp-h--sc {]m-b-ap-Å-h--sc am-{X-am-Wv C-³-jp-d-³-kv ]-²-Xn-Ifn-Â- D-Ä--s¸Sp-¯m-dp-Å-Xv. F-¶m-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io-¡p--thïn-bp-Å- Cu- {]--tXyI- ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- F-Â-.sF-.kn-bp-am-bp-Å- {]--tXyI- Xo-cp-am-\- {]-Im-cw- 75 h-b-Êp-h--scbp-Å-h--scbpw- D-Ä--s¸Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-C-³-jp-d-³-kv ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- Aw-K-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\p-Å- -tbmKy-X-

$ 18 ap-X-Â- 75 h-b-Êp-h--scbp-Å- Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«- Aw-K-§-Ä-¡v ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- ]-¦p--tN cmw-.

$ ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- ]-¦p- -tNcp-¶- 51 ap-X-Â- 75 h-b-Êp- h--scbp-Å- A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-Ä-¡v a-c-Ww- kw-`-hn-¨p- I-gn-ªm-Â- km-¼-¯n-I- klm-bw- Ip-Spw-_-¯n-\p- e-`y-am-¡p-¶p-.

]-Xn-\-©v Aw-K-§-fp-Å- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n--se 10 Aw-K-§-Ä- 10,000 cq-]- ho-Xw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- \n-¶pw- F-Sp-¡p-¶- hm-bv]-

10 A-b-Â-¡q-«-Aw-K-§-Ä-¡v B--sI hm-bv]m- Xp-I- 1,00,000

10 Aw-K-§-Ä-¡v B--sI Xn-cn-¨-S-¨- Xp-I- (36 am-kw-) 1,19,570

A-b-Â-¡q-«w- _m-¦n-Â- Xn-cn-¨-S-¨- Xp-I- 1,00,678

A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ em-`w- 18,892

1 Aw-K-¯n-sâ em-`w- 1,259

hm-bv]-F-Sp-¯- Aw-Kw- b-Ym-À-°-¯n-Â- Xn-cn-¨-S-¨- ]-en-i- Xp-I- (3 h-À-jw-)

698

Aw-Kw- b-Ym-À-°-¯n-Â- 1 h-À-jw- Xn-cn-¨-S-¨- ]-en-i- Xp-I- 233

Aw-Kw- b-Ym-À-°-¯n-Â- 1 am-kw- Xn-cn-¨-S-¨- ]-en-i- Xp-I- 19

h-b-kv

-t\«-§-Ä-

18 a

p-X-Â

- 50

h--sc

51 a

p-X-Â

- 59

h--sc

60 a

p-X-Â

- 65

h--sc

66 a

p-X-Â

- 70

h--sc

71 a

p-X-Â

- 75

h--sc

kz-`m-hn-I- a-c-Ww- 2,00,000 50,000 9,000 6,000 4,000

A-]-I-S- a-c-Ww- 4,00,000 50,000 9,000 6,000 4,000

kvYn-c-am-b-

Aw-K--sshI-eyw-

2,00,000

`m-Ko-I-am-b-

Aw-K--sshI-eyw-

1,00,000

kv-tImf-À-jn-¸v]-²-Xn-bn-Â- Aw-K-§-fm-Ip-¶- 18 ap-X-Â- 50 h-b-Êp-h--scbp-Å- A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-fp--sS 09 ap-X-Â- 12 ¢m-kp-h--sc (K-h-¬--saâv sF-.än-.sF- D-Ä--s -̧sS) ]-Tn-¡p-¶- 02 Ip-«n-I-Ä-¡v {]-Xn-h-À-jw- 12,00/- cq-]- ho-Xw- kv-tImf-À-jn-̧ v e-̀ n-¡p-¶p-. Hm--tcm h-À-j-hpw- Pq--sse - P-\p-h-cn- am-k§-fn-Â- 600 cq-]- ho-Xw- c-ïp- A-À-²-hm-À-jn-I- K-Up-¡-fm-bn-«m-Wv kv-tImf-À-jn-¸v hn-X-c-Ww- -sN¿p-¶-Xv. hm-À-jn-I- {]o-an-bw- $ ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- ]--s¦Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- hm-À-jn-I- {]o-

an-b-am-b- 342/--- cq-]-bn-Â- 171/---- cq-]- -tI{µ- kÀ-¡m-À- hn-ln-X-am-Wv. B-b-Xn-\m-Â- Aw-K-§-Ä- hm-À-jn-I- {]o-an-b-am-bn- 180 cq-]- am-{Xw- ({]o-an-bw- Xp-I- 171/--- cq-]- + kn-Un-F-kv kÀ-Æo-kv Nm-À-Öv 9/---- cq-]-) A-S-¨m-Â- a-Xn-. Hm--tcm h-À-j-hpw- {]o-an-bw- Xp-I- (180/---- cq-]-) A-S-¨v ]-²-Xn-bn--se Aw-K-X-zw- ]p -Xp--t¡ï-Xm-Wv.

23

_-{io- an-j-³- \n-À--t±in-¡p-¶- Hm-Un-äv So-am-b- Im-Êv ap--tJ\- B-bn-cn-¡-Ww-.

F-´m-Wv Im-Êv ?I-W-¡v ]-cn--tim[n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v Ip-Spw-_-{io- Pn-Ãm-an-j-\p-Io-gn-Â- {]-h-À-̄ n-¡p-¶- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Ip-Spw-_mw-K-§-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- -sXc--sªSp-̄ - A-̀ y-kvX- hn-Zy-cm-b- bp-h-Xo- bp-hm-¡-Ä- A-S-§n-b- -sXmgn-Â- kw-cw-̀ -am-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-¡-u-ïnw-Kv & B-Un-änw-Kv kÀ-Æo-kkv skmsskän (Im-Êv).

F-{X-X-cw- Hm-Un-änw-Kv Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-hn-[m-\-¯n-Â- \n-e-hn-ep-ïv ? Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\-̄ n-Â- c-ïp- X-c-¯n-ep-Å- Hm-Un-än-§m-Wv \-S-¡p-¶-Xv. 1. Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS X--s¶ Im-Êv So-an--s\ D-]--tbmKn-

¨p--sImïp-Å- Hm-Un-äv. C-Xv F-Ãm- h-À-j-hpw- \-S--t¡ï-Xm-Wv. Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«w-, F-.Un-.F-kv., kn-.Un-.F-kv F¶nhbpsS Hm-Un-äv ̂ o-kv \n-c-¡v \n-Ý-bn-¨v kw-kvYm-\- an-j-³- D-¯-c-hv ]p-d--s¸Sp-hn-¨n-«p-ïv. B-b-Xp- {]-Im-c-ap-f-f- Hm-Un-äv ̂ o-km-Wv A-b-Â-¡q-«w-, F-.Un-.F-kv, kn-.Un-.F-kv \-Â--tIï-Xv. G--sX¦n-epw- Im-c-W-h-im-Â- ô-kv \-Â-Im-¯- L-S-I-§-Ä--s¡Xn--sc -taÂ-\-S-]-Sn-I-Ä- kzo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v _-Ô--s¸«- Pn-Ãm- an-j-\p-I-Ä-¡v A-[n-Im-c-ap-ïv.

2. C-tâW-Â- B-Un-äv (aq-¶p- am-k¯n-Â- H-cn-¡-Â-) F-.Un-.F-Ên-epw- kn-.Un-.F-Ên-epw- -s]mXp-k`-bn-Â- \n-¶pw- -sXc--sªSp-¡--s¸«- ( -̀c-W-kan-Xn- Aw-K-§-f-Ãm-¯-) c-ïv C-tâW-Â- Hm-Un-ä-À-am-À- ho-Xw- D-ïm-bn-cn-¡pw-. F-.Un-.F-Ên-tebpwkn-.Un-.F-Ên--tebpw- h-c-hv -sNe-hv I-W-¡p-I-Ä- aq-¶v am-k¯n--semcn-¡-Â- Hm-Un-äv -sN-t¿ï-Xm-Wv.

\n-§-fp--sS A-b-Â-¡q-«w- F-Ãm- h-À-j-hpw- Hm-Un-äv -sNbvXv kn- Un- F-Ên-Â- A-^n-en--tbj-³- ]pXp-¡m-dp--tïm?Hm-Un-äv -sN¿m-¯- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bn- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\-¯n-\p- ]p -d-¯m-Ip--sa¶v \n-§-Ä-¡v A-dn-bm--tam? A-h-km-\- Hm-Un-än-Â- I--sï¯n-b- -t]mcm-bva-I-Ä- ]-cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- \-S-]-Sn- kzo-I-cn--t¨m?

Fw-.sF-.F-kv. (am--t\Pv-saâv C-³-^-À--taj-³- kn-kväw-)

Ip-Sw-_-{io-bp--sS A-b-Â-¡q-«-X-ew- ap-X-Â- \-S- ¶p--sImïn-cn-¡p-¶- hn-hn-[- ]-²-Xn-I-fpsS {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fp--sS hym-]-\w-, A-h--temI-\w-, \n-co-£-Ww- F-¶n-h- -\S¯p¶Xn\v Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-kvYm-\- Pn-Ãm-an-j-\p-I-Ä- Hm-¬--sse³- am--t\Pv-saâv C-³-^-À--taj-³- kn-kväw- D-]--tbmKn-¨p- h-cp-¶p-.

$ 51 ap-X-Â- 75 h-b-Êp-h--sc {]m-b-ap-Å-h-À-¡v {]o-an-bw- Xp-I- 160/- cq-]- ({]o-an-bw- Xp-I- 150 cq-]- + kn-Un-F-kv kÀ-Æo-kv Nm-À-Öv 10/- cq-]-)am-{X-am-Wv.

$ 2017 \-hw-_-À- 30 h--sc ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- -tNÀ-¶- 18 ap-X-Â- 75 h-b-Êp-h--scbp-Å- A-b-Â-¡q-«- Aw-K-§-Ä- 160/- cq-]- am-{Xw- {]o-an-bw- A-S-¨m-Â- a-Xn-.

_o-a- an-{X-Ip-Spw-_-{io- kv{Xo- kp-c-£- _o-a--tbmP-\- F-¶- -sse^v C-³-jp-d-³-kv ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§--sf F-³tdmÄ--saâv -sN¿n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn- \pw- kv-tImf-À-jn-¸v -s¢bnw- A--t]£-I-Ä- b-Ym-ka-bw- \m-f-Xo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- Ir-Xy-ka-b-¯v -t]mfn-kn- Aw-K-§-Ä-¡p-f-f- tkh-\w- D-d-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn- \pw- -thïn- F-Ãm- kn-.Un-.F-kn-epw- H-cp- thmfânbsd (_o-a- an-{X--sb) -sXc--sªSp-¯n-«p-ïv.

Ip-Spw-_-{io- kv{Xo- kp-c-£- _o-a--tbmP-\- Iq-Sm--sX \n-c-h-[n- km-aq-ly- kp-c-£m- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä- \-½p--sS kw-kvYm-\-̄ v \n-e-hn-ep-ïv. A-h--sb¡p-dn-̈ v \n-§-Ä-¡v A-dn-bm--tam? Nn-e- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä- Np-h--sS -tNÀ-¡p-¶p-. $ I-À-j-I- -sXmgn-em-fn- -s]³-j-³- $ A-³-]-Xv h-b-Êv I-gn-ª- A-hn-hm-ln-X-cm-b- h-\n-

X-I-Ä-¡p-Å- -s]³-j-³- $ {]-Xym-i- hn-hm-l- [-\-klm-b- ]-²-Xn- $ hm-À-[y-Iy- -s]³-j-³-

$ ........................................................................................... -------------------------------

$ ............................................................................................

A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n--se B--tcmKy- - hn-Zym-`ym-k -thmf -ân-b-À- C-¯-cw- kv¡o-ap-I--sf¸-än- ]-©m-b-¯v/\-K-c-k`-,DtZymKØÀ, B-im- -thmf-ân-b-À-, Aw-K-\-hm-Sn- So-¨-À- F-¶n-h--tcmSv A--t\zjn-¨v A-Sp-¯- A-b-Â-¡q-«- -tbmK-¯n-Â- dn--t¸mÀ-«v -sN¿p-I-.

Hm-Un-ävHm-Un-äv F-ń-\v ? Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\-§-fm-b- A-b-Â-¡q-«w-, F-.Un-.F-kv, kn-.Un-.F-kp-I-fn--se ]-W-an-S-]m- Sp-I-fn-Â- Ir-Xy-X-bpw- Im-cy-£-a-X-bpw- kp-Xm-cy-X-bpw- D-d-¸m-¡p-¶-Xn-\p--thïn-bm-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io-bn-Â- Hm-Un-äv A-h-ew-_n-¨n-«p-Å-Xv. Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\w- Hm-Un-äv -sN-t¿ï-Xp--tïm? Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\w- - kn-.Un-.F-kv. -ss_-tem {]-Im-cw- (D-]- h-Ip-¸v 14.1 ap-X-Â- 14.7 h--sc) kn-.Un-.F-kv. {Xn-X-e- kw-hn-[m-\-¯n--se Hm--tcm X-e-hpw- am-À-¨v 31-\v A-h-km-\n-¡p-¶- km-¼-¯n-I- h-À-j--s¯ I-W-¡p-I-Ä- Hm-Un-änw-Kn\p- hn--t[b-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡-Ww-. I-W-¡p- ]-cn--tim[n-¡p-¶-Xv Ip-Spw-

24

_p-²n-ap-«n-Ãm--sX h-f--sc -thK-¯n-Â- _m-¦v hm-bv]-- e-`n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.

$ -t]mÀ-«-Â- ap--tJ\- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS {]-h-À-̄ -\- an-I-hv -tI{µ-/kw-kvYm-\- kÀ-¡m-cp-I-Ä-¡v e-̀ y-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\m-Â- K-h-¬--saâv {Km-âp-I-Ä- e-̀ y-am-Ip-¶-Xm-Wv.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS Hm-Un-äv kväm-ä-kpw- A-Xp-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸«- \n-co-£-W-§-fpw- A-dn-bm-³- I-gn-bp-¶-Xm-Wv.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS _m-¦v hm-bv]- -tI{µ- kw-kvYm-\- ̂ -ïp-I-Ä- F-¶n-h-bp--sS hn-\n--tbmK- hn-h-c-§-Ä- A-dn-bm-³- I-gn-bp-¶-Xm-Wv.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS- {]-h-À-¯-\- an-I-hv A-dn-bm-³- I-gn-bp-¶-Xm-Wv.

02. {]m--tZin-I- km-¼-¯n-I- hn-I-k\w- hn-hn-[- D-]-Po-h-\- ]-²-Xn-I-fn-eq--sS

Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS D-]-Po-h-\- {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-fm-b- kq-£va- kw-cw-`-w, hn-]-W-\w- F-¶n-h- A-©m-a--s¯ A-[ym-b-¯n-Â- hn-i-Z-am-bn- D-Ä--s¸Sp-¯n-bn-«p-ïv

Im-À-jn-I- - ar-K- kw-c-£-W- -taJ-e-

Im-À-jn-I- -taJ-e-bn-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§-Ä- A-b-Â-¡q-«- cq-]o-I-c-W- Im-ew- ap-X-Â- X--s¶ {]-h-À-¯n-¨p- h-¶n-cp-¶p-. kw-kvYm-\- kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ km-¼-¯n-I- klm-b--t¯m-sSbm-Wv B-Zy- Im-e-§-fn-Â- Cu- {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-Ä-¡m-h-iy-am-b- km-¼-̄ n-I- ]n-´p-W- D-d-¸m-¡n-bn-cp-¶-Xv. 2010 -2011 km-¼-¯n-I- h-À-jw- ap-X-Â- -tZio-b- {Km-ao-W- D-]-Po-h-\- an-j-sâ `m-K-am-bn- a-ln-fm- In-km-³- kim-ào-I-c-¬- -tbmP-\- (Fw- -sI F-kv ]n-) F-¶- -t]cn-Â- Im-À-jn-I- -taJ-e-bv¡m-bn- {]--tXyI- ]-²-Xn- B-cw-`n-¨p-. C--t¸mÄ- Fw- -sI F-kv ]n- ap--tJ\-bp-Å- km-¼-¯n-I- ]n- ´p-W-bpw- \-½p--sS Aw-K-§-Ä-¡v e-`y-am-Ip-¶p-ïv.

kw-L-Ir-jn-A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]--tZi-§-fn--se Ir-jn--tbmKy-am-b- ̀ q-an -D-]-bp-à-am-¡n-, Ir-jn-bn-eq--sS kaq-l-¯n--se ]m-h- -s¸«- h-\n-X-I-Ä-¡v h-cp-am-\-am-À-¤w- kr-ãn-¡p-¶- {]-h-À-¯-\-am-Wv kw-L-Ir-jn-. kw-L-Ir-jn- -sN¿p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- Ir-jn-bn-Â- Xm-Â-]-cy-ap-Å- 4 ap-X-Â- 10 h--sc A-b-Â-¡q-«- h-\n-X-I--sf D-Ä--s¸Sp-̄ n- cq-]o-I-cn-¡p-¶- {Kq-̧ p-I-fm-Wv kw-L-Ir-jn- {Kq-̧ p-I-Ä- A-Y-hm- -tPmbn-âv e-b-_n-en-än- {Kq-¸p-I-Ä- (-sP F-Â- Pn-). kw-L-Ir-jn- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fn-Â- ]--s¦Sp-¡p-¶- -sP F-Â- Pn- I-Ä-¡v Iq-Sp-X-Â- [-\-]-c-hpw- km--t¦Xn-I-hp-am-b- klm-b-§-Ä- \-Â-Ip-I-, Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\-̄ n-sâ km-aq-ly-\n-b-{ -́W-̄ n-eq--sS Iq-Sp-X-Â- kp-Xm-cy-X- D-d-¸p- h-cp-¯p-I- Xp-S-§n-b-h-bm-Wv kw-L-Ir-jn- ]-²-Xn-bp--sS e-£y-§-Ä-.

Fw-.sF-.F-kv \m-fn-Xo-I-c-W-¯n-Â- A-b-Â-¡q-«w- -sN-t¿ï-Xv. $ A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-sâ km-¼-̄ n-I- {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-Ä-,

kw-cw-̀ - {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-Ä- Xp-S-§n- kn- Un- F-Ên-Â- \n-¶pw- B-h-iy--s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶- hn-h-c-§-Ä- F-Ãm- am-khpw- \n-À--t±in-¨n-cn-¡p-¶- Xo-b-Xn-¡-Iw- F-.Un-.F-kv. `m-c-hm-ln-I--sf A-dn-bn-¡p-I-.

$ G--sX¦n-epw- Im-c-W-h-im-Â- -tcJm-aq-ew- A-dn-bn-¡m-³- I-gn-bm--sX h-¶m-Â- -t^mWn--se¦n-epw- Cu- hn-h-cw- -ssIam-d-Ww-.

$ -ssIam-dp-¶- hn-h-c-§-Ä- kXy-kÔ-hpw- h-kvXp-\n-jvT-hp-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww-.

$ -tI{µ- kw-kvYm-\- kÀ-¡m-cp-I-Ä-¡v ]-²-Xn- cq-]o -I-c-W-¯n-\pw- \-b- cq-]o-I-c-W-¯n-\pw- Cu- hn-h-c-§-Ä- A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. A-Xp--sImïp- X--s¶ Ir-Xy-am-b- hn-h-c-§-Ä- b-Ym-ka-bw- -ssIam-d-Ww-.

A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS Un-Pn-ä--ssetkj-³- Ip-Spw-_-{io- hn-hn-[- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä- B-kq-{X-Ww- -sNbvXv \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-Xpw- \-S-¸n-em-¡n-b- hn-hn-[- ]-²-Xn-I-fp--sS {]-h-À-¯-\w- hn-e-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xpw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS i-cn-bm-b- Um-ä- (hn-h-cw-) A-Sn-kvYm-\-am-¡n-bm-Wv. -tI{µ- {Km-a-hn-I-k\- a-{´m-e-b-¯n-sâ klm-b--t¯m-sS 2017--18 km-¼-¯n-I- h-À-j-¯n-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- \-S-̧ n-em-¡n-b- ]-²-Xn-bm-Wv A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS {Sm-³-km-£-³- -t_kvUvF-kv.F-¨v.Pn- Un-Pn-ä-Â- A-¡-u-ïnw-Kv kn-kväw-. A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS km-¼-̄ n-I- {]-h-À-̄ -\w- Hm-¬--sse\m-bn- (A-Ym-b-Xv C-â-À--s\äv D-]--tbmKn-¨v) A-]v-tUäv -sN¿p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv C-Xn-sâ {]-[m-\- e-£yw-.

]-²-Xn-bp--sS e-£y-§-Ä-/ t\«§Ä $ F-Ãm- {Km-ao-W- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sSbpw- km-¼-

¯n-I- {I-b-hn-{I-b- hn-h-c-§-Ä- A-Sn-kvYm-\-am-¡n-bp-f-f- _m-e-³-kv jo-äv i-cn-bm-¡p-I-.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ Hm--tcm Aw-K-¯n-sâbpw- am-k k¼m-Zy- hn-h-c-§-Ä-, F-Sp-̄ - -tem¬- hn-h-c- §-Ä-, hm-bv]- Xn-cn-̈ -S-hv \n-e-hm-cw- F-¶n-h- Aw-K-§-Ä-¡pw- A-dn-bm-³- I-gn-bp-¶-Xm-Wv.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\p- e-`n-¨n-«p-f-f- _m-¦v temWp-I-fp--sS hn-h-c-§-Ä-, A-b-Â-¡q-«w- Aw-K-§-Ä-¡v \-Â-In-bn-«p-f-f- -temWp-I-Ä-,Aw-K-§-fp--sS -tem¬- Xn-cn-̈ -S-hv hn-h-c-§-Ä-, A-b-Â-¡q-«w- _m-¦n-\v \-Â-Ip-¶- Xn-cn-̈ -S-hv hn-h-c-§-Ä-, Ip-Sn-in-J- hn-h-c-§-Ä- F-¶n-h- - Aw-K-§-Ä-¡v ]-cn--tim[n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«- ao-änw-Kp-I-fn--se Aw-K-§-fp--sS lm-P-À- \n-e- e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.

$ -tI{µ- kw-kvYm-\- kÀ-¡m-cp-I-fp--sS {Km-âv e-`n-¨n-«p--sï¦n-Â- Cu- hn-h-cw- e-`y-am-Ip-¶-Xm-Wv.

$ _m-¦p-I-Ä-¡v A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS {]-h-À-¯-\ an-I-hv a-\-kn-em-¡p-hm-³- I-gn-bp-¶-Xn-\m-Â-

25

D-d-¸m-¡p-I-.-tem¬- A--t]£--tbm-sSm¸w- ka-À-̧ n--t¡ï- -tcJ-I-Ä-

( B-¹n--t¡j-³- -t^mw- -sPF-Â-Pn- kÀ-«n-^n-¡-äv (-tIm¸n-)

( t{KUnw-Kv jo-äv ( km-£y-]-{Xw- ( t»m¡v -tIm-Hm-À-Un--t\ä-dp--sS ]-cn--tim[-\- dn--t¸mÀ-«v

kw-L-Ir-jn- {Kq-¸p-I-Ä-¡v ]-en-i- k_vkn-Un- e-`n-¡p--tam? -tPmbn-âv e-b-_n-en-än- {Kq-¸v cq-]o-I-c-W- am-À-¤- \n-À--t±i- {]-Im-cw- cq-]o-I-cn-¨v kw-L-Ir-jn- -sN¿p-¶- -sP.F-Â-.Pn-I-Ä-¡pw- ]-en-i- k_vkn-Un- kvIow- {]-Im-cw- hm-bv]- e-`n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. {]-kvXp-X- -tPmbn-âv e-b-_n-en-än- {Kq-¸n--s\ kn-.Un-.F-kv ip-]m-À-i- -sN-bvXn-cn-¡-Ww-. H-cp- e-£w- cq-]- h--scbp-Å- hm-bv ]m- Xp-I-bv¡v 5% h--sc ]-en-i-bn-f-hv Ip-Spw-_-{io- Pn-Ãm-an-j-\n-Â- \n-¶pw- e-`y-am-Ip-¶-Xm-Wv.

I-½yq-Wn-än- dn-tkmgvkv -t]gvk¬-kv (kn- B-À- ]n- )am-kvä-À- ^m-À-a-À-

ô-Â-Uv X-e-¯n-Â- -sP F-Â- Pn- I-Ä-¡v -thï- ]n-´p-Wm- klm-bw- G-ä-hpw- {]m-]y-am-b- \n-e-bn-Â- G-Xp- ka-b-hpw- e-`n-¡-¯-¡- co-Xn-bn-Â- -sXm«-Sp-¯- C-cp-]-Xv -sP F-Â- Pn- I-Ä-¡v H-cm-Ä- F-¶- \n-e-bn-Â- Xn-c--sªSp-¡p-¶- I-À-j-I-bm-Wv am-kvä-À- ^m-À-a-À-. I-À-j-I-À-¡v -thï- hn-Úm-\-{]-Z-am-b- A-dn-hp-I-fpw- Im-À-jn-I- kw-_-Ô-am-b- a-äp- klm-b-§-fpw- {]m--tZin-I-am-bn- e-̀ y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- I-®n-bm-bn- am-kvä-À- ^m-À-a-À- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶p-.

Po-h- (-sP.F-Â-.Pn-. C-hm-eyq--thj-³- G-P-âv)-sP F-Â- Pn- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fn-Â- kp-Xm-cy-X-bpw- Ir-Xy-X-bpw- D-d-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- cq-]o-I-cn-¨n-«p-Å- So-am-Wv -sP.F-Â-.Pn-. C-hm-eyq--thj-³- G-P-âv A-Y-hm- Po-h-. Hm--tcm -t»m¡n-Â- \n-¶pw- Xn-c--sªSp-¯n-«p-Å- \m-ev am-kvä-À- ^m-À-a-À- -s{Sbn--t\gvkn--s\ H-¶n-̈ p- -tNÀ-̄ v Pn-Ãm- X-e-̄ n-Â- Po-h- So-am-bn- cq-]o- I-cn-¨p- c-Pn-kvä-À- -sNbvXp- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶p-.

¢-kvä-À- -seh-Â- -tIm Hm-À-Un--t\ä-À- -sP F-Â- Pn- I-Ä-¡p- -ssPh- Ir-jn- kw-_-Ôn-̈ v am-À-¤-\n-À--t±i-§-fpw- F-Ãm-hn-[- klm-b-§-fpw- ̂ o-Â-Uv X-e-¯n-Â- D-d-¸p-h-cp-¯n-, -ssPh- kÀ-«n-^n--t¡j-³- e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- Xn-c--sªSp-¯- hn-Z-Kvv²-cm-Wv kn- F-Â- kn- I-Ä- A-Y-hm- ¢-kvä-À- -seh-Â- -tIm Hm-À-Un--t\ä-À-.

ap-I-fn-Â- ]-d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶- -thmf-ân-b-À-am-cp--sS tkh-\w- \n-§-fp--sS {]--tZi--s¯ Im-À-jn-I- {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-Ä-¡v e-̀ n-¡p-¶p--tïm? C-Ãm--sb¦n-Â-

-sP F-Â- Pn-I-Ä- cq-]o-I-cn-¡p--t¼mÄ- Xm--sg ]-d-bp-¶- \n-_-Ô-\-I-Ä- ]m-en--t¡ï-Xm-Wv. $ 4 ap-X-Â- 10 h--sc Aw-K-§-Ä- DïmIWw. $ H--t¶m A-Xn-e-[n-I--tam A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fn-Â-

\n-¶pw- Xn-c--sªSp-¯-h-À- BImw. $ {]-kn-U-âv, sk{I-«-dn- F-¶n-h--sc {Kq-¸v Xn-c--

sªSp-¡p-I-bpw- A-h-cp--sS -t]cn-Â- _m-¦v A-¡-u- ïv B-cw-`n-¡p-I-bpw- -thWw-. Hm--tcm -sP F-Â- Pn- I-Ä-¡pw- ko-Â- \n-À-_-Ô-am-Wv.

$ kn- Un- F-Êp-I-fp--sS -t\Xr-X-z-¯n-Â- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶- I-À-j-I- klm-b- -tI{µ-§-fn-Â- (F-^v F-̂ v kn- ) \n-Ýn-X- Xp-I-b-S-̈ p- c-Pn-kvä-À- -sN¿p-I-bpw- Hm--tcm h-À-j-hpw- F-Ãm- -sP F-Â- Pn- I-fpw- A-^n-en--tbj-³- ]p-Xp--t¡ï-Xp-am-Wv.

$ F-Ãm- -sP F-Â- Pn- I-fpw- A-^n-en--tbj-³- kÀ-«n-^n-¡-äv kq-£n-¨n-cn-¡-Ww-.

$ sP F-Â- Pn- I-Ä- F-Ãm- am-khpw- Ip-d-ª-Xv- 2 X-h-W ao-änw-Kv Iq-Sp-I-bpw- ao-änw-Kn-sâ an-\n-«vkv, h-c-hv -sNe-hv I-W-¡p-I-Ä- F-¶n-h- F-gp-Xn- kq-£n-¡p-I-bpw- -sN¿-Ww-.

$ F-Ãm- -sP F-Â- Pn- I-fpw- F-^v F-^v kn- ao-änw-Kp-I-Ä-, -s{Sbn-\nw-Kp-I-Ä- Xp-S-§n-b- F-Ãm- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fn-epw- ]--s¦Sp--t¡ï-Xm-Wv.

$ Ir-jn- -sN¿p-¶- kvY-e-¯p- -sP F-Â- Pn- bp--sS hn-h-c-§-f-S-§n-b- -t_mÀ-Uv \n-À-_-Ô-am-Wv.

-sPF-Â-Pn- _m-¦v en--t¦Pv $ -sPF-Â-Pn-I-Ä-¡v Im-À-jn-I- B-h-iy-§-Ä-¡m-bn-

_m-¦p-I-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- 7% h--sc ]-en-i-\n-c-¡n-Â- H-cp- h-À-j--t¯bv¡v Im-À-jn-I- hm-bv]-I-Ä- e-`y-am-¡p-¶p-.

_m-¦v tem¬ e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\v -thïn-bp-Å- \-S-]-Sn-I-Ä- $ F-Un-F-kv ap--tJ\- A--t]£- kn-Un-F-kn-Â-

ka-À-¸n-¡p-I-. $ -sPF-Â-Pn- -t{KUnw-Kv \-S-̄ p-I-. (Ip-d-ª-Xv 70%

am-À-¡v -t{KUnw-Kn-Â- -t\S-Ww-) $ A-À-l-cm-b- {Kq-¸p-I-fp--sS A--t]£- kn-Un-F-kv

-sNb-À--t]gvk¬-, -sa¼-À- ks{I-«-dn- F-¶n-h-À- km-£y--s¸Sp-¯n- Pn-Ãm-an-j-\n-Â- ka-À-¸n-¡p-I-.

$ Pn-Ãm-an-j-³- -tIm--Hm-À-Un--t\ä-À- km-£y--s¸Sp-¯n-b- A--t]£- Xn-cn--sI kn-Un-F-kv h-gn- _m-¦n-Â- ka-À-¸n-¡p-I-.

$ tem¬- e-̀ y-am-Ip-¶- ap-d-bv¡v _m-¦v kv-tääv-saâv kln-Xw- ]-en-i- k_vkn-Un- e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- A--t]£- kn-Un-F-kv Pn-Ãm-an-j-\n-Â- ka-À-¸n-¡p-I-.

$ ]p-Xp-Xm-bn- cq-]o-I-cn-¨v en-¦v -sNbvX- -sPF-Â-Pn- {Kq-̧ p-I-Ä-¡v \-_m-À-Uv -s{]m-tamj-W-Â- C-³-ksâo-hn-\p-Å- A--t]£- ka-À-¸n-¡p-I-

$ \n-Ýn-X- Im-em-h-[n-¡p-Ån-Â- X--s¶ Xn-cn-¨-S-hv

26

-t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-I- $ Im-À-jn-I- I-e-ï-À- X-¿m-dm-¡p-I- $ e-Lp--teJ-I-Ä- -ssPh-Ir-jn- Io-S-\m-in-\n-I-Ä-

h-f-§-Ä- F-¶n-h- e-`y-am-¡p-I- $ am-Xr-I- -sse{_-dn- {I-ao-I-cn-¡p-I- $ -sP F-Â- Pn- I-Ä- A-̀ n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-¶- F--s´¦n-

epw- {]-iv\-§-Ä- {i-²-bn-Â--s¸«m-Â- B-b-Xp- ]-cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- C-S--s]S-Â- \-S-¯p-I-

_--tbm ^m-À-a-kn-I-Ä- -ssPh-Ir-jn-bv¡p- B-h-iy-am-b- -ssPh-h-f-§-Ä-, -ssPh-Io-S-\m-in-\n-I-Ä-, h-f-À-̈ m- X-z-c-I-§-Ä- F-¶n-h- D-Xv]m-Zn-̧ n-¡p-I-bpw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- -sP F-Â- Pn- I-Ä-¡v e-̀ y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- -thïn- B-cw-̀ n-̈ - -tI{µ-§-fm-Wv _--tbm ^m-À-a-kn-I-Ä-.

\m-«p-N-´-Ip-Spw-_-{io- D-Â-]-¶-§-Ä-¡v C-S-\n-e-¡m--sc H-gn-hm-¡n- an-I-̈ - hn-]-Wn-bpw- hn-e-bpw- D-d-̧ p-h-cp-̄ p-¶-Xn-\v -thïn- \m-«p-N-´-I-Ä- kw-L-Sn-¸n-¨p- h-cp-¶p-. \n-e-hn-Â- 450 kn- Un- F-Êp-I-fn-Â- \m-«p-N-´- \-S-¯p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- A-Sn-kvYm-\- ku-I-cy-§-Ä- \-Â-In-bn-«p-ïv. \m-«p-N-́ -bp--sS \-S-̄ n-̧ v, hn-äp-h-c-hv hn-i-Zmw-i-§-Ä- F-¶n-h- -tcJ--s¸Sp-̄ p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- www.naattuchan-tha.com F-¶- -sh_vsskäv B-cw-`n-¨n-«p-ïv.

Im-À-jn-I- C-³-ksâo-hp-I-Ä-X-cn-ip-`q-an- Ir-jn--tbmKy-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw-, -ssPh-Ir-jn- -t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-sâbpw- ̀ m-K-am-bn- Ip-Spw- _-{io- h-\n-Xm-I-À-j-I-À-¡p- -t{]mÕm-l-\-am-bn- \-Â-Ip-¶- klm-b-am-Wv G-cn-b- C-³-ksâo-hp-I-Ä-.

kn- Un- F-kv Hm-ô-kp-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸«v C-h-cp--sS klm-bw- D-d-¸m-¡m-\p-Å- \-S-]-Sn- h-cp-am-\-Zm-b-I- -thmf-ân-b-À- kzo-I-cn-¡p-I-.

Im-À-jn-I- klm-b- -tI{µ-§-Ä- (F-^v. F-^v. kn-.)Im-À-jn-I- cw-K--s¯ kv{Xo- I-À-j-I-À-¡v B-[p-\n-I- A-dn-hpw- hn-Úm-\-hpw- \-Â-Ip-¶-Xn-\m-bn- ]-©m-b-¯v X-e-¯n-Â- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶- -tI{µ-§-fm-Wv Im-À-jn-I- klm-b- -tI{µ-§-Ä- (F-^v F-^v kn-). 972 F-^v F-^v kn- I-Ä- kw-kvYm-\--sam«m--sI {]-h-À-¯n-¨p- h-cp-¶p-.

F-^v F-^v kn- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- $ -sP F-Â- Pn- Aw-K-§-Ä-¡v ]-cn-io-e-\- ]-cn-

]m-Sn-I-Ä- kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-I- $ b-{´-km-a-{Kn-I-Ä- D-]--tbmK--s¸Sp-¯p-I- $ _--tbm ^-À-a-kn- h-gn- D-Â-]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-¶- km-[-

\-§-fp--sS hn-]-W-\w- \-S-¯p-I- $ ko-Uv -s{]mU-£-³- bq-Wn-äv, aqey hÀ²nX

bq-Wn-äp-I-Ä- F-̂ v F-̂ v kn- I-Ä- h-gn- G--tIm]n- ¸n-¡p-I-

$ _m-¦v en--t¦Pv {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- G--tIm]n-¸n-¡p-I-

$ X-cn-ip- \n-ew- I--sï¯n- Ir-jn--tbmKy-am-¡m-\p-Å- \-S-]-Sn-I-Ä- kzo-I-cn-¡p-I-

$ Ir-jn- A-\p-_-Ô- -taJ-e-I-fp-am-bn- kw--tbmPn-¸n-¡p-I-

$ Im-À-jn-I- -taf-I-Ä-, hn-f- a--tlmÕh-§-Ä,- A-Zm-e-¯p-I-Ä-, I-À-j-I- kw-K-aw,- en--t¦Pv -taf-I-Ä- kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-I-

$ _m-e-k`m- Ip-«n-I-fp--sS Ir-jn- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-

$ h-À-j-¯n-Â- H-cp-X-h-W- am-{X--ta H-cp- {Kq-¸n-\v C-³-ksâo-hv e-`n-¡p-I-bp-Åq-

$ C-S-hn-f- Ir-jn- {]-[m-\- hn-f-bv¡p- am-{X--ta C-³-skâo-hv e-`n-¡p-I-bp-Åq-

$ Ir-jn- Xn-I-¨pw- -ssPh-co-Xn-bn-Â- D-Å-Xm-bn-cn-¡-Ww-

$ sPF-Â-Pn- D-Xv¸-¶-§-Ä- Ip-Spw-_-{io- hn-]-Wn-bn-Â- hn-]-W-\w- \-S-¯p-¶-h-À- B-bn-cn-¡-Ww-

$ _m-¦v en--t¦Pp-Å- -sPF-Â-Pn-I-Ä-¡p- am-{X--ta C-³-skâo-hn-\v A--t]£- ka-À-¸n-¡m-³- km-[n-¡p-I-bp-Åq-.

C-³-skâo-hv A--t]£- ka-À-¸n-¡p--t¼mÄ- lm-P-cm--t¡ï- -tcJ-I-Ä- $ Ir-Xy-am-bn- ]q-cn-¸n-¨- A--t]£m- -t^mw- $ A-^n-en--tbj-³- kÀ-«n-^n-¡-äv (-tIm¸n-) $ _m-¦v ]m-kv_p-¡v (-tIm¸n-) - -sPF-Â-Pn- A-¡-uïv $ -tem¬- A-¡-u-ïv ]m-kv_p-¡v (-tIm¸n-) $ D-S-a-bp--sS k½-X-]-{Xw-/hm-À-Uv-sa¼-À- km-£y-

-s¸Sp-¯n-b-Xv $ t»m¡v -tIm-Hm-À-Un--t\ä-dp--sS km-£y-]-{Xw-

Ir-Xy-am-bn- ]q-cn-¸n-¨- A--t]£-I-Ä- -sPF-Â-Pn-, F-^v F-^v kn-bn-Â- ka-À-¸n-¡p-I-bpw- kn-Un-F-kv ]-cn--tim[n-¨v -t»m¡v -tIm-Hm-À-Un--t\ä--sd G-Â-¸n-¡p-I-bpw-, -t»m¡v -tIm-Hm-À-Un--t\ä-À- ]-cn--tim[n-¨v kÀ-«n--ss^ -sNbvXv Pn-Ãm-an-j-\n-Â- ka-À-̧ n-¡p-I-bpw- -thWw-.

C-³-skâo-hv -s]mXp-\n-b-a-§-Ä-

27

1. -s\Ãv

{]--tZiw- Ip-d-ª- hn-kvXr-Xn-

]-c-am-h-[n- hn-kvXr-Xn- F-®w- dn-am-À-¡vkv

{Km-aw-/\-K-cw- 50 skâv 12.5 G-¡-À- 7.5 G-¡-À-h--sc 3 -t¹m«v 7.5 G-¡-À- - 12.5 G-¡-À- h--sc 5 -t¹m«v

$ \-K-c-/{Km-a- {]--tZi-§-fn-Â- ]-c-am-h-[n- 3 -t¹m«p-I-Ä- $ H-ä-Rm-À- Ir-jn- -sN¿p-¶- {Kq-¸p-I-Ä-¡v ap-³-K-W-\- D-ïm-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.

2. hm-g-

{]--tZiw- Ip -d -ª- hn-kvXr-Xn-

]-c-am-h-[n- hn-kvXr-Xn-

F-®w- dn-am-À-¡vkv

{Km-aw- 50 skâvv 5 G-¡-À- 50 skâv - 400 F-®w- 5 G-¡-À- -4,000 F-®w-

-tam-tWm -t{Im¸v B--sW¦n-Â- 50 skâvv 400 F-®w- an-IvkUv -t{Im¸v B--sW¦n-Â- 50 skâvv 200 F-®w-

\-K-cw- 25 skâvv 5 G-¡-À- 50 skâv - 400 F-®w- 5 G-¡-À-- 4,000 F-®w-

-tam-tWm -t{Im¸v B--sW¦n-Â- 50 skâv 400 F-®w- an-IvkUv -t{Im¸v B--sW¦n-Â- 50 skâvv 200 F-®w

- $ {Km-a- {]--tZi-§-fn-Â- ]-c-am-h-[n- 3 -t¹m«v $ \-K-c- {]--tZi-§-fn-Â- ]-c-am-h-[n- 5 -t¹m«v $ Ip-Spw-_-{io- N-´-I-Ä- ap--tJ\- hn-]-W-\w- \-S-¯p-¶- {Kq-¸p-I-Ä-¡v ap-³-K-W-\-

3. ]-¨-¡-dn-

{]--tZiw- Ip-d-ª- hn-kvXr-Xn- ]-c-am-h-[n- hn-kvXr-Xn-


{Km-aw- 25 skâv h-À-j-¯n-Â- c-ïp- X-h-W--sb¦n-epw- \n-À-_-Ô-am-bpw- Ir-jn- -sN¿p-¶p-.

\-K-cw- 10 skâv (5 skân-sâ -t¹m«v)

$ Ip-Spw-_-{io- N-´-I-Ä- ap--tJ\- hn-]-W-\w- \-S-¯p-¶- {Kq-¸p-I-Ä-¡v ap-³-K-W-\-

4. In-g-§p-h-À-¤-§-Ä-

{]--tZiw- Ip-d-ª- hn-kvXr-Xn- ]-c-am-h-[n- hn-kvXr-Xn-


{Km-aw- 25 skâv 7.5 G-¡-À-

\-K-cw- 10 skâvv (5 skân-sâ -t¹m«v) 7.5 G-¡-À- 5. ]p-jv]- Ir-jn-

]p-jv]- Ir-jn- Hm-¸-¬- ^m-anw-Kv -t¢mkvUv ^m-anw-Kv 5 skâv- 250 kvI-z-b-À- ô-äv

Hu-j-[-Ir-jn- Hm-¸-¬- ^m-anw-Kv 10 skâv

C-³-skâo-hv e-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- L-S-I-§-Ä-:-

28

Im-À-jn-I- C-³-ksâo-hv (-slÎ-dn-\v)

\w- Im-À-jn-I- C-³-ksâo-hv (-slÎ-dn-\v)

kz-´- `q-an- ]m-«-`q-an-

hn-f- ]m-c-¼-cy- am-bp-Å-Xv

hn-jw- c-ln-X-am-b-Xv

]m-c-¼-cy- am-bp-Å-Xv

hn-jw- c-ln-X-am-b-Xv

1. -s\Ãv 8,000 8,500 9,600 10,200

2. kp-K-Ô- -s\Ãv (-ssPh- Ir-jn-) 8,000 8,500 9,600 10,200

3. a-cn-ö-\n- 4,000 4,500 4,500 4,950

4. ]-´-Â- ]-¨-¡-dn-I-Ä- (]m-h-bv¡-, ]-b-À-, Np-c-bv¡-, -tImh-Â- ap-X-em-b-h-)

8,000 11,200 8,800 12,000

5. ]-´-Â- -thïm-¯- ]-¨-¡-dn-I-Ä- (No-c-, h-gp-X-\- ap-X-em-b-h-)

7,000 9,800 7,700 10,580

6. io-X-Im-e- ]-¨-¡-dn-I-Ä- 7,000 7,500 7,700 8,250

7. -t\{´-³- hm-g- (2500 F-®w-) 5,000 6,000 5,500 6,600

8. hm-g-, ]q-h-³-, Rm-en-]q-h-³-, ]m-f-b-³--tXmS-³- (2000 F-®w-)

5,000 6,000 5,500 6,600

9. -sN¦-Z-fn- (2000 F-®w-) 5,000 6,000 5,500 6,600

10. ]-b-dp- h-À-¤-§-Ä-, F-®- Ip-cp-¡-Ä- 6,000 6,500 6,600 7,150

11. -ssIX-N-¡- 6,000 6,500 6,600 7,150

12. C-©n-, a-ª-Ä- 6,000 6,500 6,600 7,150

13. Iq-h- 5,000 5,500 5,500 6,050

14. -tN\-, -tN¼v, Im-¨n-Â- 5,000 5,500 5,500 6,050

15. a-[p-c-In-g-§v, a-äp- In-g-§v h-À-¤-§-Ä- 5,000 5,500 5,500 6,050

16. I--t¨mew- 6,500 7,150

Huj[ kky-§Ä (hmÀjnI hnf)

17. {_-Òn- 5,000 5,500

18. Nn-ä-c-¯- 6,000 6,600

19. -tImfn-b-kv 5,000 5,500

20. I-äm-À-hm-g- 5,000 5,500

21. Xn-¸-en- 5,500 6,050

22. Xp-f-kn- 3,000 3,300

23. i-Xm-h-cn- 5,000 5,500

Huj[ kky-§Ä (_-lp-hÀj hnf)

24. ]-«- 6,500 7,150

25. C-©n-¸p-Ãv 4,000 7,700

26. B-S--temS-Iw- 7,000 7,700

27. In-cn-bm-¯v 4,000 4,400

28. ]p-¯-cn-Np-ï- 4,000 4,400

29. \o-e- A-ac-n- 4,000 4,400

30. Xo-ä-¸p-Ãv 4,000 4,400

29

Z-I- Iq-«m-bva-I-Ä-/ D-Â-]m-Z-I- I-¼-\n-I-Ä- $ Ip-d-ª-Xv 50 D-Â-]m-Z-I- Aw-K-§--sf¦n-epw- D-Â-]m-

Z-I- Iq-«m-bva-/ D-Â-]m-Z-I- I-¼-\n-I-fn-Â- kPo-h-am-bn- D-ïm-bn-cn-¡-Ww-

$ D-Â-]m-Z-I- Iq-«m-bva-bn--se Aw-K-§-Ä- H--t¶m A-Xn-Â- A-[n-I--tam -sP. F-Â-. Pn-. I-fn-Â- D-Ä--s¸«-h-cm-Imw-. {]-kvXp-X- -sP. F-Â-. Pn-, F-^v. F-^v. kn-. bn-Â- c-Pn-kvä-À- -sNbvX-Xpw- A-^n-en--tbj-³- ]p-Xp-¡n-b-Xpw- B-bn-cn-¡-Ww-.

$ H-cp- ko-kWn-Â- Ip-d-ª-Xv 10 S-¬- -s\Ãv kw-`-cn-̈ p- A-cn-bm-¡n- hn-]-Wn-bn-Â- F-̄ n-¡m-³- X-¡-h-®w- A-Sn-kvYm-\- ku-I-cy-§-Ä- D-Å- D-Â-]m- Z-I- Iq-«m-bva-I-Ä-/ D-Â-]m-Z-I- I-¼-\n-I-Ä-

$ D-Â-]m-Z-I- Iq-«m-bva-I-Ä-¡v/ D-Â-]m-Z-I- I-¼-\n-I-Ä-¡v -s\Ãv -tiJ-c-Ww-, kw-kvI-c-Ww-, {_m-³-Unw-Kv F-¶o- -sNe-hp-I-Ä-¡m-bn- kw-`-cn-¡p-¶- -s\Ãn-sâ 80 % \p- k-ss¹-tImbp--sS -s\Ãv kw-`-c-W- \n-c-¡n-Â- ]n-. ]n-. ]n-. F-^v. (]-c-am-h-[n- 20 e-£w- cq-]-) A-\p-h-Zn-¡m-\m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. C-Xn-\p-]p-d--ta -thïn-h-cp-¶- Xp-I- _m-¦v hm-bv]-, Kp-W--t`màr- hn-ln-Xw-, a-äp- [-\--t{kmX-Êp-I-Ä- Xp-S-§n-b-h-bn-eq--sS I--sï-t¯ï-Xm-Wv.

Im-À-jn-I- aq-ey-h-À-²n-X- bq-Wn-äp-I-Ä¡pÅ- [-\-klm-bw-Ip-Spw-_-{io- ap--tJ\- B-cw-`n-¡p-¶- Im-À-jn-I- aq-ey-h-À-²n-X- bq-Wn-äp-I-Ä-¡v aq-e-[-\- k_vkn-Un-bm-bn- ]-²-Xn- Xp-I-bp--sS 40 i-X-am-\--tam ]-c-am-h-[n- 2,00,000 cq-]- h--sc-tbm -s]mXp-tkh-\- -tI{µ-§-Ä-¡v ]-²-Xn- Xp-I-bp--sS 40 i-X-am-\--tam ]-c-am-h-[n- 3,00,000/- cq-]- h--sc-tbm aq-e-[-\- k_vkn-Un-bm-bn- A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.

2018-2019 km-¼-¯n-I- h-À-jw- \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶- {]-[m-\- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä-

-ssPh-Ir-jn--ssPh- Ir-jn-¡pw- -ssPh- D-Xv]-¶-§-Ä-¡pw- {]n -b--tadn- h-cp-¶- km-l-N-cy-¯n-Â- Iq-Sp-X-Â- -sP F-Â- Pn- I--sf -ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-Â- G-À--s¸Sp-¯p-I-bpw- kw-kvYm-\-¯p- 201 ¢-kvä-dp-I-fn-em-bn- 10,000 -slÎ-dn-Â- -ssPh-Ir-jn- hym-]n-̧ n-¡p-I-bp-am-Wv Cu- ]-²-Xn-bp--sS {]-[m-\- D--t±iyw-.

¹m-âv \-gvkdn-Kp-W-\n-e-hm-c-ap-Å- \-So-Â-h-kvXp-¡-Ä- \ym-b-am-b- hn-e-bv¡v D-]--t`màm-¡-Ä-¡v e-̀ y-am-¡p-I- F-¶- D--t±i--t¯m-sS Im-À-jn-I- -taJ-e-bn-Â- Cu- h-À-jw- ¹m-âv

Ip-Spw-_-{io- Im-À-jn-I- -taJ-e-bn--se kw-cw-`-§-Ä-¡m-bp-Å- hn-hn-[-

km-¼-¯n-I- klm-b-§-Ä-

A-{Kn-I-Ä-¨-d-Â- -sSIv-t\mf-Pn- ^-ïvIp-Spw-_-{io- kw-L-Ir-jn- {Kq-¸p-I-Ä-¡v Im-À-jn-I- -taJ-e-bn--se \q-X-\-am-b- im-kv{X- km--t¦ Xn-I- hn-Zy- \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- A-\p-_-Ô- D-]-I-c-W-§-fpw- b-{´-km-a-{Kn-I-fpw- hm-§p-¶-Xn- \pw- a-äp-am-bn- Ip-Spw-_-{io- an-j-³- \-Â-Ip-¶- A-[n-I- [-\-klm-b-am-Wv A-{Kn-I-Ä-̈ -d-Â- -sSIv-t\mf-Pn- ̂ -ïv. $ Ip-Spw-_-{io- -sP F-Â- Pn- I-Ä-¡m-Wv {]-kvXp-X-

^-ïv e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xv. $ ]p-Xp-Xm-bn- c-Pn-kvä-À- -sNbvX- -sP F-Â- Pn- I-Ä-

¡pw- A--t]£n-¡mw-. $ H-cp- {Kq-¸n-\v H--tcka-bw- H-¶n-Â- Iq-Sp-X-Â- km--

t¦Xn-I-hn-Zy-bv¡v A--t]£n-¡mw- ([-\-klm-bw- \n-_-Ô-\-I-Ä-¡v hn--t[b-am-bn-)

$ H-cp- {Kq-̧ n-\v H-cp- {]m-h-iyw- am-{X--ta A-{Kn-I-Ä-̈ -d-Â- -sSIv-t\mf-Pn- ^-ïv A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-I-bp-Åp-.

$ {]-kvXp-X- ^-ïv km--t¦Xn-I- hn-Zy-, b-{´-km-a-{Kn-, A-\p-_-Ô- D-]-I-c-W-§-Ä- F-¶n-h- hm-§p-¶-Xn-\p- -thïn- am-{Xw- D-]--tbmKn--t¡ï-Xm-Wv.

-sP F-Â- Pn- {Kq-¸v \-S-¸n-em-¡m-³- D--t±in-¡p-¶- km--t¦Xn-I- hn-Zy-, b-{´-km-a-{Kn-, A-\p-_-Ô- D-]-I-c-W-§-Ä- F-¶n-h-bp--sS -sNe-hn-sâ 40% ]-c-am-h-[n- 2,00,000/- cq-]- (G-Xm--tWm Ip-d-hv) 2 K-Up-¡-fm-bn- A-{Kn-I-Ä-¨-d-Â- -sSIv-t\mf-Pn- ^-ïv A-\p-h-Zn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. C-Xn-\p-]p-d--ta -thïn-h-cp-¶- Xp-I- _m-¦v hm-bv]-, Kp-W--t`màr- hn-ln-Xw-, a-äp- [-\--t{kmX-Êp-I-Ä- Xp-S-§n-b-h-bn-eq--sS I--sï-t¯ï-Xm-Wv.

-s\Ãv D-Â-]-¶- kw-`-c-W- kw-kvI-c-W- ^-ïv (]n-. ]n-. ]n-. F-^-.v)

Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS -t\Xr-X-z-̄ n-Â- B-cw-̀ n-̈ n-«p-Å-Xpw- \n-e-hn-ep-Å-Xp-am-b- D-Â-]m-Z-I- Iq-«m-bva-I-Ä-¡pw-/ D-Â-]m-Z-I- I-¼-\n-I-Ä-¡pw- ]-en-i-c-ln-X- {l-kz-Im-e- hm-bv]-I-Ä- \-Â-In- {]-h-À-¯-\w- -sa¨--s¸Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- \-Â-Ip-¶- km-¼-¯n-I- klm-b-am-Wv -s\Ãv D-Âv]-¶- kw-`-c-W- kw-kvI-c-W- ^-ïv (]n-. ]n-. ]n-. F-^v.). $ Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS -t\Xr-X-z-̄ n-Â- B-cw-̀ n-̈ n-«p-Å-

Xpw- Ip-d-ª-Xv H-cp- h-À-j-¡m-e-am-bn- kPo-h-am-bn- {]-h-À-¯n-¨p- -sImïn-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-am-b- D-Â-]m-

31. -shän-e-

5 skân\v 450 495

10 skân\v 500 550

32. a-Ä-_-dn- 500 550

33. I-cn-¼v 7,000 7,500 8,000 8,500

30

]mS-̄ pw- ]-d-¼-̄ pw- -sIm¯n-¡n-f-̈ v Ir-jn- -sN¿m-³- \mw- X-¿m-dm-I-Ww- .F-sâ ho-«n--te¡p-Å- A-Xym-h-iy- ]-¨-¡-dn-I-Ä- Rm-³- X--s¶ Ir-jn- -sN¿pw-F-¶p- Xo-cp-am-\n-̈ m-Â- Xo-cp-¶- {]-iv\-am-Wn-Xv. am-\-kn--tIm Ãm-k¯n-\pw-, B--tcmKy-¯n-\pw,- h-cp-am-\- h-À-²-\-hn- \pw- C-Xp- klm-b-I-am-Wv.

]m-h-Â- {Km-aw-, -shÅ-cn- {Km-aw-,a-ª-Ä- {Km-aw- F--s¶Ãmw- hn-hn-[- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä- kz--ta[-bm- \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶p-ïv. \n-§-Ä-¡pw- C-¯-c-¯n-Â- B--temNn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv!!!!

Ip-Spw-_-{io- - `-£y- kp-c-£m- `-h-\w-""`-£y-kp-c-£-bv¡v F-sâ Ir-jn'' F-¶- B-i-bw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Iq-«m-bva-bn-eq--sS F-Ãm- A -b-Â-¡q-«-§-fn--tebv¡pw- F-¯n-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- A-Xp-h-gn- F-Ãm-h--scbpw- X-§-Ä-¡v B-h-iy-ap-Å- ]-¨-¡-dn-I-Ä- kz-bw- D-ev]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v {]m- ]vX-cm-¡p-I-bp-am-Wv {]-[m-\-am-bpw- Cu- ]-²-Xn-bn-eq--sS e-£y-an-Sp-¶-Xv. 25 skâv h--sc Ir-jn- -sN¿p-¶- {Kq-¸p-I--tfm, -t{Km_m-Kp-I-fn-Â- -sNdn-b- A-f-hn-Â- Ir-jn- -sN¿p-¶-h-cp--sS {Kq-¸p-I-fm-bn--t«m B-bn-cn-¡pw- Cu- {]-h-À-¯-\w- kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-I-.

""`-£y-kp-c-£-bv¡v F-sâ Ir-jn-'' F-¶- hn-j-bw- N-À-¨- -sNbvXv {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- G--säSp-¡p-I-.

ar-K-kw-c-£-W- -taJ-e-

ar-K- kw-c-£-W- -taJ-e-bn-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- G--säSp-¯p- \-S-̧ m-¡p-¶- {]-[m-\- {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-Ä- Np-h--sS -tNÀ-¡p-¶p-.

tIc-f- Nn-¡-³-h-\n-Xm- I-À-j-I-À-¡v an-I-¨- h-cp-am-\w- -t\Sn--s¡mSp-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- ar-K-kw-c-£-W- -taJ-e-bn-Â- B-cw-`n-¨- ]-²-Xn-bm-Wv -tIc-f- Nn-¡-³-. 1000 -tImgn-I-fp-Å- ̂ m-am-Wv B-cw-`n--t¡ï-Xv. C-Xn-\m-h-iy-am-b- ]-cn-io-e-\w- Ip-Spw-_-{io- \-Â-Ip-¶-Xm-Wv. C-¯-cw- bq-Wn-äp-I-Ä-¡v 50,000 cq-]-h--sc aq-e-[-\- k_vkn-Un-bm-bn- \-Â-Ip-¶-Xm-Wv.

\-gvkdn-I-fp--sS H-cp- irw-J-e- B-cw-`n-¡m-³- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨n-«p-ïv. C-¯-cw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- ¹m-âv \-gvkdn-I-Ä- kw-kvYm-\--sam«m--sI ”-"ssPhn-I-'” F-¶- -t]cn-Â- A-dn-b--s¸Sp-I-bpw- \-So-Â- h-kvXp-¡-Ä- H--tc hn-e-bn-Â- e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xp-am-Wv.

-s{]mUyq-kÀ- I-¼-\n-Hm--tcm Pn-Ã-bn-epw- I-À-j-I- Iq-«m-bva-I-Ä- kvYm-]n-¨p--sImïv X--t±io-b-am-b- Im-À-jn-I- D-Xv]-¶-§-fp--sS kw-`-c-W- hn-X-c-W- -taJ-e- i-àn--s¸Sp--s¸Sp-¯m-\m-bn- -s{]mUyq-kÀ- I-¼-\n-I-Ä- kvYm-]n-¡pw-. kw-kvYm-\--s¯m«m--sI 14 -s{]mUyq-kÀ- I-¼-\n-I-Ä- kvYm-]n- ¡m-\m-Wp- Cu- ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- e-£y-an-Sp-¶-Xv.

aq-ey-h-À-²n-X- D-Â-¸-¶- bq-Wn-äp-I-Ä- Im-À-jn-I- D-Â-¸-¶-§--sf aq-ey-h-À-²n-X- D-Â-¸-¶-§-fm-bn- hn-]-Wn-bn-Â- F-¯n-¡p-I- h-gn- -sP.F-Â-.Pn-.I-Ä-¡v A-[n-I-h-cp-am-\w- e-̀ y-am-¡p-I- F-¶- e-£y--t¯m-sS Ip-Spw-_-{io- Cu- h-À-jw- \m-fn--tIcw-, hm-g-, N-¡-, am-§-, -ssIX-¨-¡-, ]m-j-³- {^q-«v Xp-S-§n-b- hn-hn-[- Im-À-jn-I- D-Â-]-¶-§-fn-Â- aq-ey-h-À-²n-X- bq-Wn-äp-I-fpw- -s]mXp-tkh-\- -tI{µ-§-fpw- (kn-. F-^v. kn-.) kvYm-]n-¡p-hm-³- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨n-«p-ïv.

Hu-j-[- kky-Ir-jn-Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-L-Ir-jn- {Kq-¸p-I-Ä-¡v A-[n-I-h-cp-am-\w- e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- Hu-j-[- Ir-jn- ]-²-Xn- \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶p-.

ap-I-fn-Â- ]-d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶- ]-²-Xn-I--sf -̧än- \n-§-Ä-¡v A-dn-hp--tïm? C-Xn-Â- G--sXÃmw- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\v G-ä-Sp-¡m-³- I-gn-bpw- F-¶-Xn--s\ kw-_-Ôn-¨v N-À-¨- -sN¿p-I-.

hn-j-c-ln-X- ]-¨-¡-dn- - \-½p--sS B--tcmKy-¯n-\vC-X-c- kw-kvYm-\-§-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- \-½p--sS \m-«n--te¡v -sImïp-h-cp-¶- ]-¨-¡-dn-I-Ä- hn-j-a-b-am--sW¶v ]-d-ªv ]-cn-X-]n-¨n-«p- Im-cy-an-Ã-.

31

]-cn-io-e-\w-D--tZymKm-À-°n-I-fp--sS A-`n-cp-Nn-¡pw- I-gn-hn-\pw- ]-cn-N-b-¯n-\pw-, -tPmen- -sN¿m-\p-Å- Xm-ev]-cy-¯n- \pw- A-\p-kcn-¨p-Å- -sXmgn-Â- -taJ-e-bn-Â- B-bn-cn-¡pw- Un-.Un-.bp-.- Pn-.-sI.-ssh. ]-cn-io-e-\w- \-Â-Ip-I-.

]-cn-io-e-\- Im-em-h-[n- ( 3 am-kw- - 576 a-Wn-¡q-À-- -{]Xo£nX Ipdª

i-¼-fw- 6,000 cq-]- ( 6 am-kw- -1152 a-Wn-¡q-À--{]Xo£nX Ipdª - i-¼-fw- 9,000 cq-]-

( 9 am-kw- -1728 a-Wn-¡q-À-- -{]Xo£nX Ipdª i-¼-fw- 12,000 cq-]-

( 12 am-kw- -2304 a-Wn-¡q-À--{]Xo£nX Ipdª- i-¼-fw- 15,000 cq-]-

a-äv tkh-h-\-§-Ä- ( 75 i-X-am-\w- -tPmen- D-d-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶p- ( ]-cn-io-e-\- Im-e-b-f-hn-Â- bm-{X-, ̀ -£-Ww-, Xm-a-kw-, bq-Wn--t^mw- F-¶n-h- ku-P-\y-am-bn-cn-¡pw-

( -tPmen- e-̀ n-̈ -Xn-\p--tij-hpw- ]n-́ p-W- \-Â-Ip-¶p-. ( I-u-¬-kenw-Kv {Sm-¡nw-Kv ( ssa-t{Kj-³- k-t¸mÀ-«v skâ-À- ( tImÄ- skâ-dp-I-Ä-

03.Ip-Spw-_-{io- km-aq-ly- im-ào-I-c-Ww-

B-{i-b- ]-²-Xn- - A-K-Xn- c-ln-X- -tIc-fw- A-Sn-kvYm-\-]-c-am-b- A-h-Im-i-§-Ä- \n--tj[n-¡--s¸«- \n-cm-ew-_-cpw- \n-cm-{i-b-cpw- ]m-À-i-z-h-Â-¡-cn-¡--s¸«-h-cp-am-b- H-cp- hn-`m-Kw- P-\-§--sf A-K-Xn-I-Ä- F-¶v hn--tijn-̧ n-¡mw-. C-h-À-¡v km-aq-ly-m-[n-jvTn-X- kw-hn-[m-\-̄ n-eq--sS tkh-\-§-Ä- F-̄ n-̈ v -sImSp-¡p-I-bpw- A-Xv h-gn- A-h--sc kaq-l-̄ n-sâ ap-Jy- [m-c-bn--te¡v -sImïv h-cn-I-bpw- -sN¿p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- kw-kvYm-\- kÀ-¡m-À- Ip-Spw-_-{io- ap--tJ\- B-hn-jvI-cn-¨v X--t±i-kz-bw-`-c-W-kvYm-]-\-¯n-eq--sS \-S-¸n-em-¡n- h-cp-¶- ]-²-Xn-bm-Wv A-K-Xn-c-ln-X--tIc-fw-.

H-cp- Ip-Spw-_--s¯ A-K-Xn- Ip-Spw-_-am-bn- ]-cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv -t¢i- L-S-I-§-fp--sSbpw- A-[n-I- -t¢i- L-S-I-§-fp--sSbpw- A-Sn-kvYm-\-¯n-em-Wv. H-³-]-Xv -t¢i- L-S-I-§-fn-Â- (table 1) G--sg®-hpw- H-cp- A-[n-I- -t¢i- L-S-I-hpw- (table 2) _m-[-I-am-Ip-¶- Ip-Spw-_--s¯bm-Wv A-K-Xn- Ip-Spw-_-am-bn- ]-cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv. C--tXm-sSm¸w- ap-³- B-{i-b- Kp-W--t`màm-¡-fn-Â- C-\n-bpw- tkh-\w- B-h-iy-ap-Å-h--sc, {]--tXyIn-¨v, `-£-Ww-, Nn-In-Õm-, hn-Zym-`ym-kw- F-¶n-h-bv¡v Xp-I- I--sï¯m-³- \n-À-Æm-l-an-Ãm-̄ -h--sc ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- D-Ä--s¸Sp-¯p-¶-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw-.]-²-Xn- Kp-W--t`màm-hm-Ip-¶- Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ

B-\n-a-Â- _-À-¯v I-¬--t{SmÄ- bq-Wn-äp-I-Ä--sXcp-hp- \m-b- \n-b-{´-W-¯n-\m-bn- B-cw-`n-¨- bq-Wn-äp-I-fm-Wn-h-. H-cp- \m-b--sb ]n-Sn-¨v h-Ôy-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- 2100 cq-]- e-`n-¡pw-. 3.84 -tImSn- cq-]-bm-Wv Cu- kw-cw-`-¯n-eq--sS 55 bq-Wn-äp-I-Ä- -t\Sn-b-Xv.

£o-c-km-K-cw-A-©v Kp-W--t`màm-¡-Ä-¡v 10 ]-ip-¡-fp-Å- an-\n- ^mw- B-cw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- ]-²-Xn-. H-cp- bq-Wn-än-\v B--sI ]-²-Xn- Xp-I- 6.25 e-£w- cq-]-. C-Xn-Â- 2.18 e-£w- cq-]- k_vkn-Un-bm-bn- \-Â-Ipw-. _m-¡n- Xp-I- hm-bv]-bm-bn- I--sï¯-Ww-.

B-Sp- {Km-aw- ]-²-Xn-A-©v Kp-W--t`màm-¡-Ä- ho-X-ap-Å- {Kq-¸p-I-fm-Wv C-Xn-Â- cq-]o-I-cn-¡p-I-. H-cp- {Kq-¸n-\p- 20 B-Sp-I-Ä- D-ïm-I-Ww-. B--sI ]-²-Xn- Xp-I- 1.50 e-£w- cq-]-. C-Xn-Â- 50000 cq-]- aq-e-[-\- k_vkn-Un-bm-bn- \-Â-Ipw-.-sXmgn-Â- -sshZ-Kv[y- ]-cn-io-e-\w-

Zo-³- Z-bm-Â- D-]m-²ym-b- -{Km-ao-¬- I-u-i-ey- -tbmP-\- (Un-.Un-.bp-.- Pn-.-sI.-ssh.)

$ Z-cn-{Z- Ip-Spw-_-§-fn--se bp-h-Xn- bp-hm-¡-Ä-¡v -thïn- -tZio-b- {Km-ao-W- D-]-Po-h-\- an-j-³- (F-³-.B-À-.F-Â-.Fw-) B-Po-hn-I-bp--sS Io-gn-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- ap--tJ\- \-S-̧ n-em-¡p-¶- ]-²-Xn-bm-Wv Un-.Un-.bp-.-Pn-.-sI.-ssh.

$ bp-h-Xo- bp-hm-¡-Ä-¡v -ss\]p-Wy- ]-cn-io-e-\w- \-Â-In- -sXmgn-Â- e-`y-am-¡p-¶- ]-²-Xn-bm-Wn-Xv.

$ Cu- ]-²-Xn- {]-Im-cw- {Km-ao-W- -taJ-e-bn--se Z-cn-{Z- Ip-Spw-_-§-fn--se 18 \pw- 35 \pw- C-S-bn-Â- {]m -b-ap-Å- bp-h-P-\-§-fm-Wv C-Xn-sâ Kp-W--t`màm-¡-Ä-. {]m-à-\- -tKm{X- h-À-¤-¡m-À-, `n-¶--tijn-bp-Å-h-À- F-¶n-h-À-¡v 45 h-b-Êp-h--sc C-f-hv A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv.

$ kw-kvYm-\--s¯ hn-Z-Kv[- ]-cn-io-e-\- kvYm-]-\-§-fp--sS klm-b--t¯m-sS hn-hn-[- -sXmgn-Â- D-S-a-I-fp-am-bn- kl-I-cn-̈ m-Wv Cu- ]-²-Xn- \-S-̧ m-¡p-¶-Xv.

Kp-W--t`màm-¡--sf I--sï¯-Â-Ip-Spw-_-{io- \-S-̄ p-¶- -sam_n--ssetkj-³- Iym-¼-bn-³-, kn-.Un-.F-kn--se -ss\]p-Wy- c-Pn-kvä-À-, Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\w-, a-äp- am-À-¤-§-Ä- F-¶n-h-bn-eq--sSbm-Wv Kp-W--t`màm-¡--sf I--sï¯p-¶-Xv. Xm-Â-]-cy-ap-Å- bp-h-Xo-bp-hm-¡-Ä- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kn-Un-F-Êp-I-fp-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸«v Cu- ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- -tNcm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

32

{I-a-\w-

{Km-a-{]--tZi-§-Ä- \-K-c-{]--tZi-§-Ä-

1. `q-c-ln-X-À- / 10 skân-Â- Xm--sg `q-an-bp-Å-h-À-

`q-c-ln-X-À- / 5 skân-Â- Xm--sg ̀ q-an-bp-Å-h-À-

2. `-h-\-c-ln-X-À- / Po-À-®n-¨- ho-«n-Â- Xm-a-Ên-¡p-¶-h-À-

`-h-\-c-ln-X-À- / Po-À-®n-¨- ho-«n-Â- Xm-a-Ên-¡p-¶-h-À-

3. 150 ao-ä-dn-\p-Ån-Â- Ip-Sn--shÅ- ku-I-cyw- C-Ã-

150 ao-ä-dn-\p-Ån-Â- Ip-Sn--shÅ- ku-I-cyw- C-Ã-

4. ip-Nn-X-z- I-¡q-kv C-Ã- ip-Nn-X-z- I-¡q-kv C-Ã-

5. -tPmen-bp-f-f- H-cm-Ä- -t]mepw- C-Ãm-¯- Ip-Spw-_w- (H-cp- am-kw- 10 Zn-h-k¯n-Â- Xm--sg am-{Xw- -tPmen-)

-tPmen-bp-f-f- H-cm-Ä- -t]mepw- C-Ãm-¯- Ip-Spw-_w- (H-cp- am-kw- 10 Zn-h-k¯n-Â- Xm--sg am-{Xw- -tPmen-)

6. h-\n-X- Ip-Spw-_-\m-Y-bm-bp-Å- Ip-Spw-_w- h-\n-X- Ip-Spw-_-\m-Y-bm-bp-Å- Ip-Spw-_w-

7. im-co-cn-I--am-\-kn-I- -shÃp-hn-fn-I-Ä- -t\cn-Sp-¶-h--tcm, Xo-cm-hym-[n-I-Ä- ]n-Sn--s]«-h--tcm D-Å- Ip-Spw-_w-

im-co-cn-I--am-\-kn-I- -shÃp-hn-fn-I-Ä- -t\cn-Sp-¶-h--tcm, Xo-cm-hym-[n-I-Ä- ]n-Sn--s]«-h--tcm D-Å- Ip-Spw-_w-

8. ]-«n-I-Pm-Xn-/]-«n-I-h-À-¤-/a-Õy-_-Ô-\w- -sXmgn-em-bn- kzo-I-cn-¨- Ip-Spw-_w-

]-«n-I-Pm-Xn-/]-«n-I-h-À-¤-/a-Õy-_-Ô-\w- - sXmgn-em-bn- kzo-I-cn-¨- Ip-Spw-_w-

9. {]m-b-]q-À-¯n-bm-b- \n-c-£-c-À- D-Å-Ip-Spw-_w-

{]m-b-]q-À-¯n-bm-b- \n-c-£-c-À- D-Å- Ip-Spw-_w-

Ip-Spw-_-¯n-\v _m-[-I-am-b- -t¢i-L-S-I-§-Ä-

Ip-Spw-_-¯n-\v _m-[-I-am-b- A-[n-I- -t¢i-L-S-I-§-Ä-

F-. {Km-a-{]--tZi-§-Ä- _n-. \-K-c-{]--tZi-§-Ä-

1. `-h-\- \n-À-½m-W-¯n-\v `q-an- C-Ãm-¯-h-À- (]p-d--t¼m¡v `q-an-, h-\-`q-an-, I-\m-ep-I-fp--sS bpw- ]m-S--tiJ-c-§-fp--sSbpw- ]p-dw-_-ïp-I-Ä- F-¶n-hn-S-§-fn-Â- Xm-a-kn-¡p-¶-h-À-).

2. cm-{Xn-Im-ew-, -s]mXp-kvY-e-§-fn-epw- -sXcp-hp-I-fn-epw- I-S-¯n-®-I-fn-epw- A-ń-bp-d-§p-¶-h-À-

3. A-hn-hm-ln-X-bm-b- A-½-/A-½-bpw- Ip-ªpw- am-{Xw-/`-À-¯m-hv D--t]£n-¨-Xpw- Zp-cn-X-a-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-h-cp-am-b- h-\n-X-I-Ä-

4. km-¼-¯n-I- ]-cm-[o-\-X-I-Ä- A-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶- A-Im-e-¯n-Â- hn-[-h-I-fm--tIïn-h-¶-h-À-, hn-hm-l-{]m-bw- I-gn-ªn-«pw- A-hn-hm-ln-X-cm-bn- I-gn-bp-¶- h-\n-X-I-Ä-

5. Xo-cm-hym-[n-I-Ä-/Nn-In-Õn-¨v -t`Z-am-¡m-³- I-gn-bm-¯- A-kp-J-§-Ä- ]n-Sn--s]«-h-cpw- im-co-cn-I--am-\-kn-I- -shÃp-hn-fn-I-Ä- -t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpw-

6. Ip-Spw-_-̄ n-Â- ̀ -£-W-̄ n-\p- h-I- I--sï¯m-³- I-gn-hp-Å- 60 h-b-Ên-Â- Xm--sg {]m-b-ap-Å- B-cpw-X--s¶bn-Ãm-¯- Ip-Spw-_w-

7. `n-£m-S-\w- \-S-¯n- \n-Xy-hr-¯n- I-gn-¡p-¶-h-À- 8. A-Xn-{I-a-§-Ä-¡v C-c-bm-bn-«p-Å- h-\n-X-I-Ä-


2. km-¼-¯n-I- ]-cm-[o-\-X-I-Ä- A-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶- A-Im-e-¯n-Â- hn-[-h-I-fm--tIïn- h-¶-h-À-, hn-hm-l-{]m-bw- I-gn-ªn-«pw- A-hn-hm-ln-X-cm-bn- I-gn-bp-¶- h-\n-X-I-Ä-

3. `n-£m-S-\w- \-S-¯n- \n-Xy-hr-¯n- I-gn-¡p-¶-h-À- 4. `-£-W-¯n-\p- h-I- I--sï¯m-³- I-gn-hp-Å- 60

h-b-Ên-Â- Xm--sg {]m-b-ap-Å- B-cpw-X--s¶bn-Ãm-¯- Ip-Spw-_w-

5. A-Xn-{I-a-§-Ä-¡v C-c-bm-bn-«p-Å- h-\n-X-I-Ä- 6. -sXcp-hp- Ip-«n-I-Ä-, Zp-ÀKpW- ]-cn-lm-c-]m-T-im-e-

(Juvenile Home), A-K-Xn- a-µn-cw- (Poor home) F-¶n-hn-S-§-fn-Â- I-gn-bp-¶- Ip-«n-I-Ä- D-Å- Ip-Spw-_w-

7. Ip-Spw-_w- -t]mäp-¶-Xn-\v -sXmgn-Â- -sN¿m-³- \n-À-_-Ôn-X-cm-b- 14 h-b-Ên-Â- Xm--sg {]m-b-ap-Å- Ip-«n-I-Ä- D-Å- Ip-Spw-_w-

8. -ssew-Kn-I- -sXmgn-em-fn-I-Ä- (Commercial sex workers) D-Å- Ip-Spw-_w-

9. A-_-e- a-µn-c-¯n-Â- Xm-a-Ên-¡p-¶- h-\n-X- Aw-K-am-bp-Å- Ip-Spw-_w-

10. -tNcn- {]--tZi-§-fn-Â- Xm-a-Ên-¡p-¶- Ip-Spw-_w-

33

F-. {Km-a-{]--tZi-§-Ä- _n-. \-K-c-{]--tZi-§-Ä-

1. `-h-\- \n-À-½m-W-¯n-\v `q-an- C-Ãm-¯-h-À- (]p-d--t¼m¡v `q-an-, h-\-`q-an-, I-\m-ep-I-fp--sS bpw- ]m-S--tiJ-c-§-fp--sSbpw- ]p-dw-_-ïp-I-Ä- F-¶n-hn-S-§-fn-Â- Xm-a-kn-¡p-¶-h-À-).


3. A-hn-hm-ln-X-bm-b- A-½-/A-½-bpw- Ip-ªpw- am-{Xw-/`-À-¯m-hv D--t]£n-¨-Xpw- Zp-cn-X-a-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-h-cp-am-b- h-\n-X-I-Ä-

4. km-¼-¯n-I- ]-cm-[o-\-X-I-Ä- A-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶- A-Im-e-¯n-Â- hn-[-h-I-fm--tIïn-h-¶-h-À-, hn-hm-l-{]m-bw- I-gn-ªn-«pw- A-hn-hm-ln-X-cm-bn- I-gn-bp-¶- h-\n-X-I-Ä-

5. Xo-cm-hym-[n-I-Ä-/Nn-In-Õn-¨v -t`Z-am-¡m-³- I-gn-bm-¯- A-kp-J-§-Ä- ]n-Sn--s]«-h-cpw- im-co-cn-I--am-\-kn-I- -shÃp-hn-fn-I-Ä- -t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpw-

6. Ip-Spw-_-̄ n-Â- ̀ -£-W-̄ n-\p- h-I- I--sï¯m-³- I-gn-hp-Å- 60 h-b-Ên-Â- Xm--sg {]m-b-ap-Å- B-cpw-X--s¶bn-Ãm-¯- Ip-Spw-_w-

7. `n-£m-S-\w- \-S-¯n- \n-Xy-hr-¯n- I-gn-¡p-¶-h-À- 8. A-Xn-{I-a-§-Ä-¡v C-c-bm-bn-«p-Å- h-\n-X-I-Ä-


2. km-¼-¯n-I- ]-cm-[o-\-X-I-Ä- A-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶- A-Im-e-¯n-Â- hn-[-h-I-fm--tIïn- h-¶-h-À-, hn-hm-l-{]m-bw- I-gn-ªn-«pw- A-hn-hm-ln-X-cm-bn- I-gn-bp-¶- h-\n-X-I-Ä-

3. `n-£m-S-\w- \-S-¯n- \n-Xy-hr-¯n- I-gn-¡p-¶-h-À- 4. `-£-W-¯n-\p- h-I- I--sï¯m-³- I-gn-hp-Å- 60

h-b-Ên-Â- Xm--sg {]m-b-ap-Å- B-cpw-X--s¶bn-Ãm-¯- Ip-Spw-_w-

5. A-Xn-{I-a-§-Ä-¡v C-c-bm-bn-«p-Å- h-\n-X-I-Ä- 6. -sXcp-hp- Ip-«n-I-Ä-, Zp-ÀKpW- ]-cn-lm-c-]m-T-im-e-

(Juvenile Home), A-K-Xn- a-µn-cw- (Poor home) F-¶n-hn-S-§-fn-Â- I-gn-bp-¶- Ip-«n-I-Ä- D-Å- Ip-Spw-_w-

7. Ip-Spw-_w- -t]mäp-¶-Xn-\v -sXmgn-Â- -sN¿m-³- \n-À-_-Ôn-X-cm-b- 14 h-b-Ên-Â- Xm--sg {]m-b-ap-Å- Ip-«n-I-Ä- D-Å- Ip-Spw-_w-

8. -ssew-Kn-I- -sXmgn-em-fn-I-Ä- (Commercial sex workers) D-Å- Ip-Spw-_w-

9. A-_-e- a-µn-c-¯n-Â- Xm-a-Ên-¡p-¶- h-\n-X- Aw-K-am-bp-Å- Ip-Spw-_w-

10. -tNcn- {]--tZi-§-fn-Â- Xm-a-Ên-¡p-¶- Ip-Spw-_w-

N-À-¨- -sN¿p-I-1. A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]--tZi-¯p-Å- A-À-l-cm-b- F-Ãm-

h-cpw- A-K-Xn-c-ln-X- -tIc-fw- ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- D-Ä--s¸«n-«p--tïm?

2. ]-²-Xn- {]-h-À-¯-\--s¯ kw-_-Ôn-¨v ]-cn--tim[-\- \-S-¯p-I-.

3. A-K-Xn-I-fp--sS A-K-Xn-X-zw- C-Ãm-Xm-¡m-\m-bn- F--s´Ãmw- -sN¿m-³- I-gn-bpw-.

_-Uvkv kvYm-]-\-§-Ä- am-\-kn-I-hpw- _p-²n-]-c-hp-am-bn- -shÃp-hn-fn-I-Ä- -t\cn-Sp-¶-h-À-¡v hn-Zym-`ym-khpw-, -sXmgn-Â- ]-cn-io-e-\-hpw-, ]p-\-c-[n-hm-khpw- e-`y-am-¡p-I- F-¶- e-£y--t¯m-sS Ip-Spw-_-{io- B-cw-`n-¨- kvYm-]-\-§-fm-Wv _-Uvkv. 5 ap-X-Â- 18 h-b-kp-h--sc {]m-b-ap-Å- am-\-kn-I- -shÃp-hn-fn- -t\cn-Sp-¶-h-À-¡v _-Uvkv kvIq-fp-I-Ä- h-gn- khn--tij- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- \-Â-In- h-cp-¶p-. 18 h-b-kp- I-gn-ª- am-\-kn-I- -shÃp-hn-fn- -t\cn-Sp-¶-h-À-¡v _-Uvkv do-lm-_n-en--täj-³- -tI{µ-§-fn-eq--sS (_n-.B-À-.kn-) {]m--tZin-I- ]p-\-c-[n-hm-khpw-, -sXm gn-Â- ]-cn-io-e-\-hpw- \-Â-Ip-¶p-. `n-¶- -tijn-¡m--sc ]-cm-{i-b-X-z-¯n-Â- \n-¶v kzm-{i-b-X-z-¯n--te¡v \-bn-¡p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv _-Uvkv kvYm-]-\-§-Ä- {]-[m-\-am-bpw- e-£y-an-Sp-¶-Xv.

A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ D-¯-c-hm-Zn-X-zw- $ Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«- Aw-K-§-Ä- X-§-fp--sS

{]--tZi--s¯ am-\-kn-I- -shÃp-hn-fn- -t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cp--sS kvYn-Xn- hn-h-c-§-Ä- -tiJ-cn-¡p-I-.

$ F-{X- -t]À- kvYm-]-\-¯n-Â- F-¯n- -tNcm-³- {]m-]vXn--bpÅhÀ- D--sï¶p- I--sï¯p-I-

$ Cu- hn-h-cw- kn-.Un-.F-kv -sNb-À--t]gvk-sW A-dn-bn-¡p-I-

$ X--t±i- kz-bw- `-c-W- kvYm-]-\-¯n-Â- _-Uvkv kvIqÄ D--sï¦n-Â- C-¯-cw- Ip-«n-I--sf kvYm-]-\-¯n-Â- F-¯n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v {i-an-¡-Ww-.

_m-e-k`-

Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«- ]-cn-[n-bn-Â- h-cp-¶- ap-gp-h-³- Ip-«n-I-fp--tSbpw- Iq-«-am-Wv _m-e-k -̀. _m-e-k -̀bp--sS {]-h-À-¯-\- e-£y-§-Ä- Np-h--sS -tNÀ-¡p-¶p-. $ Ip-«n-I-Ä-¡v \-ã--s¸Sp-¶- B-kzm-Zy-I-c-am-b- Ip-

«n-¡m-ew- ho--sïSp-¡p-I- $ h-cpw- X-e-ap-d-bn--tebv¡p-Å- Zm-cn-{Zy- hym-]-\w-

X-S-bp-I-, B--tcmKy- ]q-À-®-hpw-, aq-eym-[n-jvTn-X-hp-am-b- ]p-Xp- X-e-ap-d--sb kr-ãn-¡p-I-. ”

$ in-ip- -tI{µo-Ir-X- {]-h-À-¯-\- ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fn-eq--sS A-h-cp--sS I-gn-hp-I-Ä- (-tijn-I-Ä-) hn-]p -e--s¸Sp-̄ p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- A-h-kc-§-fpw-, km-l-N-cy-§-fpw- kr-ãn-¡p-I-

A-b-Â-¡q-«- sk{I-«-dn-bp--sS -taÂ--t\m«-¯n-Â- 5 ap-X-Â- 18 h-b-Êp-h--scbp-Å- Ip-«n-I--sf D-Ä--s¸Sp-

A-Xn-Po-h-\m-h-iy-§-Ä-, A-Sn-kvYm-\m-hm-iy-§-Ä-, hn-I-k\m-h-iy-§-Ä-, am-\-kn-Im-h-iy-§-Ä- F-¶n-h- \ndthäp¶- tkh-\-§-fm-Wv \-Â-Ip-I-. A-Xm-b-Xv, `-£-Ww-, Nn-In-Õm-, h-kv{Xw-, hn-Zym-`ym-kw-, -s]³-j-³- e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- klm-bw- (A-Xn-Po-h-\m-h-iy-§-Ä-), ̀ q-an-, ho-Sv/ ho-Sv ]p-\-cp-²m-c-Ww-, Ip-Sn--shÅw-, i-u-Nm-e-bw-, -sshZyp-Xn-h-Xv¡-c-Ww- (A-Sn-kvYm-\m-hm-iy-§-Ä-), -sXmgn-Â-/ -sXmgn-Â- ]-cn-io-e-\w- (hn-I-k\m-h-iy-§-Ä-), I-u-¬-kn-en-Mv, Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«- Aw-K-X-z-hpw- A-Xv h-gn- km-aq-ly-h-Xv¡-c-Ww- (am-\-kn-Im-h-iy-§-Ä-) F-¶o- tkh-\-§-fm-Wv A-K-Xn- c-ln-X--tIc-fw- ]-²-Xn- {]-Im-cw- H-cp- Kp-W--t`màm-hn-\v e-`y-am-Ip-I-.

A-K-Xn-c-ln-X--tIc-fw-: A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS {]-kàn-A-K-Xn-c-ln-X--tIc-fw- ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS {]-kàn- h-f--sc h-ep-Xm-Wv. $ A-À-l-cm-b- Kp-W--t`màm-¡--sf D-Ä--s¸Sp-¯p-

¶-Xn-\pw- A-\-À-l-cm-b-h--sc H-gn-hm-¡p-¶-Xn- \pw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡v C-S--s]Sm-³- I-gn-bpw-. C-¡m-cy-§-Ä- {Km-a- k`-bn-Â- N-À-¨- -sN¿p-¶-Xn-\v X-¿m-dm-h-Ww-.

$ ]m-N-Iw- -sNbvX- `-£-Ww- \-Â--tIïn- h-cp-¶-h-À-¡pw- `-£y-km-[-\-§-Ä- ho-Sp -I-fn-Â- F-¯n-¨p-- sImSp--t¡ï-h-À-¡pw- A-h- Ir-Xy-am-bpw- e-`y-am-Ip-¶p- -tïm F-¶v -sXm«-Sp-¯p-Å- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\p- ]-cn--tim[n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. A-Xv -t]m-se a-äm-\p-Iq-ey-§-fpw- {]-kvXp-X- Kp-W--t`màr -Ip-Spw-_-¯n-\v e-`y-am-¡p-¶p-ïv F-¶pw- A-b-Â-¡q-«w- D-d-¸p- h-cp--t¯ï-Xm-Wv.

$ A-K-Xn- Ip-Spw-_-§-fp--sS {]-[m-\- {]-iv\w- A-h-c-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶- km-aq-ln-I-am-b- H-ä--s¸S-em-Wv. C-̄ -cw- H-ä--s¸S-ep-I-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- A-h-À-¡p- -tamN-\w- \-Â-Im-³- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡p- I-gn-bpw-. A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-a-Ãm-¯- Kp-W--t`màr- Ip-Spw-_-§-fp--sï¦nÂ- B- Ip-Spw-_-§-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- H-cm--sf X-§-fp--sS A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-ep-Ä--s¸Sp-̄ m-³- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä- {i-²n--t¡ï-Xm-Wv.

$ Hm--tcm ]-²-Xn- Ip-Spw-_-hpw- D-Ä--s¸Sp-¶- A-b-Â-¡q-«w- {]-kvXp-X- Ip-Spw-_-̄ n-\m-bp-Å- -t{]mP-Îv L-S-I-§-fp--sS \n-À-Æ-l-Ww- hn-e-bn-cp--t¯ï-Xm-Wv. -t{]mP-Îv {]-Im-cw- D-Ä--s¸Sp-̄ n-bn-«p-Å- tkh-\-§-Ä- e-`y-am-Ip-¶p--tïm-sb¶v A-b-Â-¡q-«w- sk{I-«-dn-/ {]-kn-U-âv F¶nhÀ F-.Un-.F-kv., kn-.Un-.F-kv. I-½n-än-I-fn-Â- hn-h-cw- \-ev-tIï-Xm-Wv. C-Xn-\m-bn- _-Ô--s¸«- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä- H-cp- A-K-Xn- Ip-Spw-_- -tamWn-ä-dnw-Kv c-Pn-kvä-À-” \n-À-_-Ô-am-bpw- kq-£n--t¡ï-Xm-Wv.

34

\-S-¸m-¡n- h-cp-¶p-. B--tcmKyw-, -t]mj-Im-lm-cw-, hn-Zym-̀ ym-kw- F-¶o- -taJ-e-I-fn-Â- {]--tXyI- tkh-\-§-Ä- e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- Cu- -t{]mP-Îv e-£y-an-Sp-¶p-. ]-²-Xn-bp--sS ̀ m-K-am-bn- e-̀ y-am-Ip-¶- {]--tXyI- ]n- ´p-W-I-Ä- Np-h--sS -tNÀ-¡p-¶p-.

1. F-kv än- kv-s]jy-Â- A-b-Â-Iq-«w: - A-b-Â-Iq-«-¯n--se 70% Aw-K-§-fpw- ]-«n-I-h-À-¤--taJ-e-bn-Â--s]«-Xm--sW¦n-Â- B- A-b-Â-Iq-«--s¯ kv-s]jy-Â- A-b-Â-Iq-«-am-bn- I-W-¡m-¡pw-.

2. A-^n-en--tbj-³- ̂ o-kv: - ]-«n-I-h-À-¤--taJ-e-bn--se A-b-Â-Iq-«-¯n-\v kn-.Un-.F-kn-Â- c-Pn-kvä-À- -sN¿p-¶-Xn-\v ô-kv C-Ã-.

3. c-Pn-kvä-À- _p-¡v:- ]-«n-I-h-À-¤--taJ-e-bn--se A-b-Â-Iq-«-§-Ä-¡v c-Pn-kvä-À- _p-¡p-I-Ä- H-ä-̄ -h-W- ku-P-\y-am-bn- \-Â-Ip-¶p-.

4. Hm-Un-äv ̂ o-kv: - A-b-Â-Iq-«-̄ n-sâ h-À-jm-h-À-jw- \-S-̄ --s¸Sp-¶- Hm-Un-d-dn-§n-Â- km-[m-c-W- A-b-Â-Iq-«-§-Ä-¡v 200/-cq-]-bm-Wv. F-¶m-Â- ]-«n-I-h-À-¤--taJ-e-bn--se A-b-Â-Iq-«-§-Ä-¡v 100/-cq-]-bm-Wv Hm-Un-äv ô-kv

5. -tImÀ-¸-kv ^-ïv :- ]p-Xp-Xm-bn- cq-]o-I-cn-¡p-¶- A-b-Â-Iq-«-§-Ä-¡v H-ä-X-h-W- 10,000/-cq-]- -tImÀ-¸-kv ^-ïv \-Â-Ip-¶p-

6. am-¨nw-§v {Km-âv: - -t{KUnw-Kv I-gn-ªm-Â- en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- F-Sp-¡m--sX X--s¶ am-¨nw-§v {Km-âv \-Â-Ip-¶p-.

7. kw-cw-`-§-Ä-: - ]-«n-I-h-À-¤- h-Ip-¸v 100% ^-ïv ku-P-\y-am-bn- kw-cw-`-I-À-¡v \-Â-Ip-¶p-. (-t{]m P-Îp-I-Ä- F-kv än- h-Ip-¸n-\v \-Â-I-Ww-)

8. D-]-Po-h-\- -sXmgn-ep-I-Ä-: - {]--tZi-¯n-sâ {]m[m-\yw- A-\p-kcn-¨v D-]-Po-h-\- -sXmgn-ep-I-Ä-¡v ]-cn-io-e-\-hpw-, ]-²-Xn- cq-]o-I-c-W-hpw-, A-Xm-Xv {]--tZi-§-fn-Â- -sImSp-¡p-¶p-

9. kw-c-`-I-X-z- hn-I-k\- ]-cn-io-e-\w-: - Pn-.H-.än-, C-.Un-.]n- kvIn-Â- ]-cn-io-e-\-§-fn-Â- ]--s¦Sp-¡p-¶-h-À-¡v kv-ssä]--âv (än-F-)\-Â-Ip-¶p-

10. Ir-jn-: - ]p-Xp-Xm-bn- cq-]o-I-cn-¡p-¶- ]-«n-I-h-À-¤- -sP.F-Â-.Pn-.I-Ä-¡v 4,000/-cq-]- -tImÀ-̧ -kv ̂ -ïm-bn- \-Â-Ip-¶p-.

kv{Xo-im-ào-I-c-W- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-

kv{Xo-I-fn-eq- -sS Ip-Spw-_-¯n--te¡pw- Ip-Spw-_-¯n-eq--sS kaq-l-¯n--tebv¡pw- F-¶-Xm-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS {]-h-À-¯-\- X-{´w-. kv{Xo-I-fp--sS km-aq-lym-h-kvY- D-b-À-¯p-¶-Xn-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- \-Â-In-b- kw-`m-h-\- \n-kvXp-e-am-Wv. Zm-cn-{Zy- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\- an-j-³- F-¶- \n-e-bn-Â- \n-¶pw- kv{Xo- im-ào-I-c-W- {]-kvYm-\-am-bn- Ip-Spw-_-{io- ]-cn-h-À-̄ -\w- -sN-t¿ï-Xp-ïv. kv{Xo-I-Ä- -t\cn-Sp-¶- hn--thN-\-§--sf C-Ãm-bva- -sN¿p-I-, A-h-kc-

¯n- cq-]o-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv _m-e-k`-. 5 ap-X-Â- 9 h-b-Êp-h--scbp-Å-h--sc Pq-\n-b-À- hn-`m-K-¯n-epw- 10 ap-X-Â- 18 h-b-Êp-Å-h--sc ko-\n-b-À- hn-`m-K-¯n-epw- D-Ä--s¸Sp-¯p-¶p-. H-cp- _m-e-k`-bn-Â- 15 ap-X-Â- 30 h--sc Ip-«n-I-Ä-¡v Aw-K-X-zw- \-Â-Imw-. _m-e-k`-I-Ä- kn-.Un-.F-Ên-Â- c-Pn-kvä-À- -sN¿-Ww-. B-gvvN-bn-Â- H-cn-¡--se¦n-epw- H-¯p--tNc-Ww-.

]n-´p-Wm- kw-hn-[m-\w- (_m-e-k`m- X-ew-)dn-tkmgvkv-t]gvk¬- : Ip-«n-I-fp-am-bn- kPo-h-am-bn- C-S--s]Sm-\pw- Ip-«n-I-fp--sS hn-hn-[- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- -t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡m-\pw- Ip-«n-I-fn-Â- -t{]c-W- P-\n-¸n-¡m-\pw- I-gn-hp-Å- H-cm-Ä- A-b-Â-¡q-«w-: _m-e-`-I-fp--sS cq-]o-I-c-Ww-, A-Xn-sâ {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-¡v A-Sn-kvYm-\- `-u-Xn-I- ku-I-cy-§-Ä- H-cp-¡p-I- Xp-S-§n-b-h- H-cp- A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-sâ Np-a-X-e-I-fn-Â--s¸Sp-¶p-.

A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]--tZi--s¯ _m-e-k`m- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- kPo-h-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- F--s´Ãmw- -sN¿m-³- I-gn-bp--sa¶v N-À-¨- -sN¿p-I-.

_m-e-kan-Xn- $ _m-e-k -̀I-fp--sS hm-À-UvX-e- I-½n-än-bm-Wv _m-e-

kan-Xn-. $ H-cp- hm-À-Un-Â- Ip-d-ª-Xv 3 _m-e-k`-I--sf¦n-

epw- km-[m-c-W- D-ïm-bn-cn-¡pw- $ Hm--tcm _m-e-k`-I-fp--tSbpw- `m-c-hm-ln-I-fn-Â-

\n-¶pw- -sX-sc-sªSp-¡--s¸Sp-¶- 2 -t]À- ho-Xw- A-S-§n-b-Xm-Wv _m-e-kan-Xn-

$ _m-e-kan-Xn- -tbmK-§-Ä- 2 am-k¯n--semcn-¡--se¦n-epw- kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

$ _m-e-]-©m-b-¯v, _m-e-]m-À-e--saâv_m-e-k`-bp--sS ]-©m-b-¯v X-e- -t^md-am-Wv _m-e- ]-©m-b-¯v. P-\m-[n-]-Xyw-, a--tXX-c-X-zw-, tkm jy-en-kw-, km-aq-ln-I- \o-Xn-, km-aq-ly- kp-c-£-, enw-K-\o-Xn- Ip-«n-I-fp--sS A-h-Im-i-§-Ä- F-¶o- Im-cy-§--sf¡p-dn-̈ v A-dn-hv \-evIp-¶p-. A-\p-I-c-Wo-b-hpw-, A-`n-e-j-Wo-b-hp-am-b- Po-hn-X- aq-ey-§-Ä- D-b-À-¯n-¸n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw-, kzmw-io-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw-, A-h--sc {]m-]vX-cm-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- -thZn-bm-bn- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-I--sb¶-Xm-Wv _m-e-]-©m-b-¯n-sâ e-£y-§-Ä-

]-«n-I- h-À-¤- -taJ-e-bn-ep-Å- {]--tXyI- -t{]mP-Îp-I-Ä-

]-«n-I- h-À-¤- hn-I-k\- h-Ip-¸n-tâvv-bpw- X--t±i- kz-bw-`-c-W- kvYm-]-\-§-fp--tSbpw- klm-b--t¯m-sS kw-kvYm-\--s¯ ]-«n-I- h-À-¤- P-\-kw-Jy- Iq-Sp-X-ep-Å- ]-©m-b-¯p-I-fn-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\-¯n-Â- ]-«n-I- h-À-¤- P-\-hn-`m-K-§-fp--sS ]-¦m-fn-¯w- D-b-À-¯p-¶-Xn-\pw-, -sXmgn-Â- km-[y-X-I-Ä- I--sï¯p-¶-Xn-\p-am-bn- {]--tXyI- -t{]mP-Îv

35

\pw- h-\n-Xm- hn-I-k\- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-¡v B-h-iy-am-b- am-À-K- \n-À--t±i-hpw- -sshZ-Kv[y-hpw- ]n-´p-W-bpw- ]-cn-io-e-\-hpw- \-Â-Ip-¶-Xn-\p-Å- kw-hn-[m-\-am-Wv -sP³-U-À- dn-tkmgvkv skâ-À-. A-h-bp--sS e£y§Ä/ {]hÀ¯\§Ä Np-h--sS -tNÀ-¡p-¶p-.

$ kv{Xo-I-Ä-¡v hm-b-\-bv¡pw- hn-Úm-\-¯n-\p-ap-Å- A-h-kcw- kr-ãn-¡p-I- C-¯-cw- hn-j-b-§-fp-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸«v kw-hm-Z-§-Ä- skan-\m-dp-I-Ä- F-¶n-h- kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-I-.

$ kv{Xo-I-fp--sS kÀ-¤m-ß-I-Xm- {]-I-S-\-¯n-\p-Å- -thZn-bm-bn- am-dp-I-

$ kv{Xo-I-Ä-¡pw- Ip-«n-I-Ä-¡p--saXn--scbp-f-f- A-Xn-{I-a-§-Ä--s¡Xn--sc {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶- hn-hn-[- kvYm-]-\-§-fp-am-bn- -tNÀ-¶p-Å- kw--tbmPn-X-{]-h-À-¯-\w- kwLSn¸n¡pI.

$ kv{Xo-I-Ä-¡v A-h-cp--sS {]-iv\-§-Ä- Xp-d-¶v ]-d-bm-\pw- ]-¦n-Sm-\p-ap-Å- H-cp- -thZn- F-¶o- \n-e-I-fn-em-Wv -sPâ-À- dn-tkmgvkv skâ-À- \n-e-hn-Â- {]-h-À-¯n-¨p- h-cp-¶-Xv.

$ kv{Xo-I-fp--sS {]-iv\-§-Ä-¡v Pm-{K-Xm- kan-Xn-I-fp-am-bn- kw--tbmPn-̈ p--sImïv {]m--tZin-I-am-bn- ]-cn-lm-cw- Im-Wp-I-

$ B-h-iy-am-b- km-l-N-cy-§-fn-Â- kv-t\ln-X- -slÂ-¸v -sUkvIv {]-h-À-¯-\-hp-am-bn- kw--tbmPn-¸n-¨v -sImïv I-u-¬-kn-enw-Kv, \n-b-a-tkh-\- kw-hn-[m-\-§-Ä- F-¶n-h-bpw- D-d-¸p- h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- \-S-]-Sn-I-Ä-¡m-bn- ap-³--ssI-sbSp-¡p-I-.

$ Pn-Ãm-X-e-¯n-Â- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶- -slÂ-¸v -sU kvIv {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-fp--sS {]m--tZin-I- X-e-̄ n--se {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- G--tIm]n-¸n-¡p-I-.

-sPâ-À- dn-tkmgvkv skâ-dn-sâ (Pn- B-À- kn- )tkh-\w- {]--tbmP-\--s¸Sp-̄ m-³- I-gn-ªn-«p--tïm? Pn- B-À- kn- bn-Â- \n-¶pw- \n-§-Ä- G--sXÃmw- klm-b-§-Ä- e-`y-am-I-W--sa¶m-Wv B-{K-ln-¡p-¶-Xv.

kv-t\ln-X-kv{Xo-I-Ä-¡pw- Ip-«n-I-Ä-¡pw- kp-c-£n-X-am-b- km-aq-ly-bn-Sw- kr-ãn-¡m-\pw-, D-]-Po-h-\-¯n-\pw- A-Xn-Po-h-\-¯n-\pw- D-X-Ip-¶- ]n-´p-W-I-Ä- \-Â-Im -\pw-, G--sX¦n-epw- X-c-¯n-ep-Å- A-Xn-{I-a-§-Ä-¡v C-c-bm-Ip-¶- kv{Xo-I-Ä-¡v A-Sn-b-ń-c- klm-b-hpw-, ]n-́ p-W-bpw- F-¶- e-£y--t¯m-sS Ip-Spw-_-{io- Pn-Ãm- an-j-\p-I-fp--sS -t\Xr-X-z-¯n-Â- ]-Xn-\m-ep-- Pn-Ã-I-fn-epw- 24 a-Wn-¡q-dpw- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶- klm-b-I- -tI{µ-§-fm-Wv kv-t\ln-X- -slÂ]vv -sUkvIv.

kv-t\ln-X- \-Â-Ip-¶- {]-[m-\- tkh-\-§-Ä- ( A-Xn-{I-a-̄ n-\v C-c-bm-Ip-¶- kv{Xo-I-Ä-¡pw- Ip-«n-

I-Ä-¡pw- {l-kz-Im-e- Xm-a-k ku-I-cyw- H-cp-¡p-I- ( cm-{Xn-Im-e-§-fn-Â- H-ä-bv¡v bm-{X- -sN-t¿ïn-

ka-X-z-hpw- Xp-ey- \o-Xn-bpw- D-d-¸m-¡p-I- Xp-S-§n-b-h bv¡m-bn- \n-c-h-[n- {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-Ä- Ip-Spw-_-{io- \-S-¯n- h-cp-¶p-. A-h-bp--sS hn-i-Zmw-i-§-Ä- Np-h--sS -tNÀ-¡p-¶p-.

kv{Xo-]-Z-hn- kz-bw-]-T-\- {]-{In-b-kw-kvYm-\- hym-]-I-am-bn- Ip-Spw-_-{io- an-j-³- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fp--sS Xp-S-À-¨-bm-bn- A-b-Â-¡q-«- cq-]o-I-c-W-hpw- kv{Xo-I-fp--sS Iq-«m-bva-bpw- kr-ãn-¡m-³- km-[n-̈ p-. F-¦n-epw- kv{Xo-I-Ä-¡v X-§-fp--tSXm-b- A-h-Im-i-§-Ä- Xn-cn-̈ -dn-ªv A-h- -t\Sn--sbSp-¡m-\pw- kaq-l-̄ n-sâ hn-hn-[- -taJ-e-I-fn-Â- X-§-fp--sS A-h-kc-§-Ä- D-d-¸p- h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn-\pw- km-[n-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã-. Cu- A-h-kc-¯n-Â- hy-Xy-kvX-am--sbmcp- ]-T-\- co-Xn-bn-eq--sS kz-´w- A-h-kvY- kz-bw- Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp-¶-Xn-\pw- A-Xv h-gn- ]-Tn-Xm-hv X--s¶ A-dn-hn-sâ D-Â-]m-Z-I-cpw-, Kp-W--t`màm-¡-fpw- B-bn- am-dp-¶- H-cp- ]-²-Xn- kv{Xo-im-ào-I-c-W- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fp--sS `m-K-am-bn- Ip-Spw-_-{io- 2007 Â- B-cw-`n-¨p-.

\n-e-\n-Â-¡p-¶- km-aq-ly- A-h-kvY--tb bpw- A-[n-Im-c- L-S-\--tbbpw- X-§-fp--sS hy-àn-]-c-hpw- km-aq-ly-hp-am-b- A-\p-`-h-§-fp-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸Sp-¯n- a-\-Ên-em-¡p-I-bpw- A-Xn-sâ A-Sn-kvYm-\-¯n-Â- kv{Xo- ]-Z-hn- kz-bw- hn-i-I-e-\w- -sN¿p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- -tijn- Ip-Spw-_-{io- {]-h-À-¯-I-À- B-À-Ön-¡p-I-bpw- -sN¿p-¶-Xn-\v klm-bn-¡p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv Cu- ]-T-\- {]-{In-b-bp--sS e-£yw-.

{]--tXyIw- X-¿m-dm-¡n-b- ]-T-\- klm-bn-bp--sS A-Sn-kvY-\-¯n-Â- Hm--tcm A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-epw- kv{Xo-I-Ä- -t\cn-Sp-¶- {]--tXyI- {]-iv\-§--sf N-À-¨bv¡pw- kz-bw- hn-e-bn-cp-¯-en-\pw- hn--t[b-am-¡p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv Cu- ]-cn-]m-Sn-bn--se {]-[m-\- {]-h-À-¯-\w-. 2019 P-\p-h-cn- ap-X-Â- \m-em-a-Xv kv{Xo- ]-Z-hn- kz-bw- ]-T-\- {]-{In-b-bv¡v Xp-S-¡w- Ip-dn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. F-Ãm- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fn-epw- Cu- {]-h-À-¯-\w- \-S-¡p-¶p--sh¶v D-d-¸m-¡-Ww-.

C--sXmcp- Xp-S-À- ]-T-\- {]-{In-b-bm-Wv. C-Xp-h--sc aq-¶v ]-T-\- klm-bn-I-Ä- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fn-Â- N-À-¨- -sNbvXp- I-gn-ªp-. kv{Xo-bpw- -sXmgn-epw-, kv{Xo-bpw- B--tcmKy-hpw-, kv{Xo-bpw- k©m-c- kzm-X-{ý-hpw- F-¶n-h-bm-Wv C-Xp-h--sc \-½-Ä- N-À-¨- -sNbvX-Xv. C-¯-h-W- N-À-¨- -sN¿p-¶-Xv enw-K-ka-X-z-hpw- \o-Xn-bpw- F-¶- hn-j-b-am-Wv.

kv{Xo- ]-Z-hn- kz-bw- ]-T-\- {]-{In-b-bp--sS `m-K-am-bn- ap-³-]v \-S-¶- {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-Ä- Hm-À-¡p-¶p--tïm? Cu- N-À-¨-I-Ä- \n-§-fp--sS Po-hn-X--s¯ F-{]-Im-c-am-Wv kzm-[o-\n-¨-Xv. N-À-¨- -sN¿p-I-. -sPâ-À- dn-tkmgvkv skâ-À-X--t±i- kz-bw- `-c-W- kvYm-]-\-§-fp--sS -t\Xr-X-z-¯n-Â- kv{Xo-I-fp--sS ]-Z-hn- D-b-À-¯p-¶-Xn-

36

( kv{Xo- in-ip-ku-lr-Z- {]m--tZin-I- C-S-§-Ä- kr-ãn-¡p-I-

( A-Sn-b-́ -c- km-l-N-cy-§-fn-Â- B-h-iy-am-b- tkh-\-§-fpw- ]n-́ p-W-bpw- \-Â-Ip-¶-Xn-\p-Å- H-cp- kz-bw- kÖ- h-f-ïn-b-À- {Kq-̧ m-bn- {]-h-À-̄ n-¡p-I-. (D-Zm--: {]-Ir-Xn- Zp-c-´-§-Ä- -t]mep-Å-h- kw-`-hn-¡p--t¼mÄ-)

( Pn-Ãm- an-j-sâ -t\Xr-X-z-¯n-Â- \-S-¸n-Â- h-cp-¯p-¶- -sP³-U-À- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fp--sS `m-K-am-bp-Å- \q-X-\- ]-²-Xn-I-fn-epw- {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-fn-epw- ]-¦m-fn-I-fm-hp-I-. (D-Zm--: skIyq-cn-än- tkh-\w-)

( {]m--tZin-I- hn-I-k\- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fn-Â- kv{Xo- ]-¦m-fn-¯w- D-d-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn-\pw- kv{Xo-im-ào-I-c-W- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- G--säSp-¡p-¶-Xn- \pw- -t\Xr-X-zw- \-Â-Ip-I-.

( kv-t\ln-X- -slÂ-¸v -sUkvIv hm-À-UvX-e- h-f-ïn-b-À- {]-h-À-¯-\w-

04. F-³-.bp-.F-Â-.Fw- (\-K-c-{]--tZi-§-fn-Â- am-{Xw- _m-[-Iw-)

Po-h--t\m]m-[n- hn-I-k\-̄ n-eq--sS \-K-c- Z-cn-{Z-cp--sS Po-hn-X- \n-e-hm-cw- -sa -̈-s¸Sp-̄ p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- \-K-c- {]--tZi-§-fn-Â- \-S-¸m-¡p-¶- -tI{µm-hn-jvIr-X- ]-²-Xn-bm-Wv -tZio-b- \-K-c- D-]-Po-h-\- an-j-³- (F-³-.bp-.F-Â-.Fw-) ]-²-Xn-bp--sS e-£y-§-Ä- -t\Sp-¶-Xn-\m-bn- Xm--sg]-d-bp-¶- L-S-I-§-Ä- -tZio-b- \-K-c- D-]-Po-h-\- an-j-sâ `m-K-am-bn- \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶p-.1. km-aq-ly- kw-L-S-\-bpw- kvYm-]-\- hn-I-k\-hpw- $ \-K-c- Z-cn-{Z--sc Ip-Spw-_-{io- {Xn-X-e- kw-L-S-\m-

kw-hn-[m-\-¯n-eq--sS kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-I-. $ \-K-c- {]--tZi-§-fn-Â- Xm-a-kn-¡p-¶- Hm--tcm Z-cn-

{Z- Ip-Spw-_-¯n-Â- \n-¶pw- kv{Xo-I-fm-b- Hm--tcm Aw-K--s¯-sb¦n-epw- ka-b-_-Ôn-X-am-bn- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fn--tebv¡v -sImïp-h-cn-I-.

$ km-[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn-Â- kv{Xo-I-fp--sS Iq-«m-bva-I-fm-Wv cq-]o-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. F-¶m-Â- Aw-K--sshI-ey-ap-Å-Xpw-, {]--tXyI- ]-cn-K-W-\- B-h-iy-ap-Å-h-cp-am-b- ]p-cp-j-³-am-cp- -sS {Kq-¸p-I-fpw- {]--tXyI-km-l-N-cy-§-fn-Â- cq-]o-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.

$ \-K-c-¯n--se Z-cn-{Z-À-¡pw- A-h-cp--sS Iq-«m-bva-I-Ä-¡pw- tkhnw-Kv _m-¦v A-¡-u-ï-âp-I-Ä- Xp-d-¡p-I-.

$ km-¼-¯n-I- km-£-c-X- km-[y-am-¡p-I-, hm-bv]- \-Â-Ip-I-, Xm-§m-³- I-gn-bp-¶- C-³-jp-d-³-kv ]-²-Xn-I-Ä-, ]-Ww- e-fn-X-am-bn- A-S-¡m-\p-Å- ku-I-cy-§-Ä- H-cp-¡Â- F-¶n-h-bn-eq--sS km-À-h-{Xn-I-am-b- km-¼-¯n-I- D-Ä--tNÀ-¡-Â- -ssIh-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- Cu- L-S-Iw- e-£y-an-Sp-¶p-.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«- Aw-K-§-fn-Â- 70% \-K-c- Z-cn-{Z-cm-bn-cn-¡p-¶- kw-L-§-Ä-¡v 10,000 cq-]- dn--thmÄ-hnw-Kv

h-cp-¶- kv{Xo-I-Ä-¡v Xm-a-kn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- C-S--samcp-¡p-I-.

( I-u-¬-kn-enw-Kv tkh-\w- e-`y-am-¡p-I- ( hn-hm-l- ]q-À-Æm-\-´-c- I-u-¬-kn-enw-Kv ¢m-kp-I-Ä- kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-I-

( C-cp-]-¯n-\m-ep- a-Wn-¡q-dpw- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶- -sSen- I-u-¬-kn-enw-Kv ku-I-cyw- e-`y-am-¡p-I-

( -t_m[-h-Xv¡-c-W- Iym-¼-bn-\p-I-Ä- kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-I-

I-½yq-Wn-än- I-u-¬-kn-enw-KvA-b-Â-¡q-«- Aw-K-§-fm-b- kv{Xo-I-Ä-¡v am-\-kn-I-am-b- ]n-´p-W- B-h-iy-L-«-§-fn-Â- e-`y-am-¡p-I-, kv{Xo-I-Ä-¡pw- Ip-«n-I-Ä-¡pw- F-Xn--tcbp-Å- A-Xn-{I-a-§--sf {]-Xn--tcm[n-¡p-I-, {]m--tZin-I-am-b- Iq-«m-bva-I-fpw- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fpw- C-Xn-\m-bn- cq-]--s¸Sp-¯p-I- F-¶n-h- A-\n-hm-cy-am--sW¶- I--sï -̄en-sâ A-Sn-kvYm-\-¯n-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§--sf D-Ä--s¸Sp-¯n- cq-]o-I-cn-¨- I-½yq-Wn-än- I-u-¬-kn-enw-Kv ]-²-Xn- F-Ãm- Pn-Ã-I-fn-epw- \-S-¸n-em-¡n- h-cp-¶p-. {]-[m-\- e-£y-§-Ä- Np-h--sS -tNÀ-¡p-¶p-.

$ {]-iv\-§-Ä- I-u-¬-kn-en-§n-eq--sS ]-cn-l-cn-¡p-I- $ {]-iv\-§--sf e-Lq-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-f-f- am-À-K-\n-À--

t±§-Ä- \-evIp-I- $ I-u-am-c-¡m-cp--sS C-S-bn-ep-f-f- hn-j-b-§-Ä- Xp-d-

¶p-]-d-bm-\p-f-f- -thZn- H-cp-¡p-I-. $ kv{Xo-I-fn-Â- B-i-b-hn-\n-a-bw- \-S-¯m-\p-f-f-

I-gn-hv h-f-À-¯n--sbSp-¡p-I-. $ hn-hm-ln-X-cm-Im-³- -t]mIp-¶- bp-h-Xo-bp-hm-¡-Ä-

¡v {]o--am-cn-ä-Â- I-u-¬-kn-enw-Kv \-evIp-I-.

I-½yq-Wn-än- I-u-¬-kn--tegvkn-sâ tkh-\w- A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]--tZi-¯v F-{]-Im-cw- {]--tbmP-\--s¸Sp-¯m--sa¶v N-À-¨- -sN¿p-I-.

hn-Pn-e-âv {Kq-¸p-I-Ä-kv{Xo-I-Ä-¡pw- Ip-«n-I-Ä-¡p--saXn--tcbp-Å- A-Xn-{I-a-§-Ä- X-S-bp-¶-Xn-\pw- kv{Xo- ku-lr-Z- {]m-- tZin-I- C-Sw- kr-ãn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-am-bn- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kn- Un- F-Êp-I-fp--sS -t\Xr-X-z-̄ n-Â- {]-h-À-̄ n-¡p-¶- kz-bw- k¶-²- {]-h-À-¯-I-cp--sS Iq-«m-bva-bm-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io- hn-Pn-e-âv {Kq-̧ v. hm-À-Uv A-Sn-kvYm-\-̄ n-em-Wv hn-Pn-e-âv {Kq-¸p-I-Ä- cq-]o-I-cn-¨n-«p-Å-Xv. hn-Pn-e-âv {Kq-¸v e-£y-§-Ä-

( kv{Xo-I-Ä-¡pw- Ip-«n-I-Ä-¡p--saXn--tcbp-Å- A-Xn-{I-a-§--sf {]m--tZin-I-am-bn- {]-Xn--tcm[n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- kw-hn-[m-\w- cq-]--s¸Sp-¯p-I-.

( A-Xn-{I-a-§-Ä- Nq-j-W-§-Ä- F-¶n-h- -t\cn-Sp-¶-h-À-¡v Ip-Spw-_-{io- tkh-\-kw-hn-[m-\-§-fp-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸Sp-¯n- B-h-iy-am-b- ]n-´p-W-bpw- klm-b-hpw- \-Â-Ip-I-.

37

3. \-K-c-¯n--se `-h-\-c-ln-X-À-¡p-Å- ]m-À-¸n-S- ]-²-Xn- $ \-K-c-¯n--se `-h-\- c-ln-X-cm-b- ]m-h--s¸«-h-À-¡v

ip-²-P-ew-, ip-Nn-X-zw-, ̀ -{Z-X-, kp-c-£n-X-X-zw- F-¶n-§--s\bp-Å- A-Sn-kvYm-\- ku-I-cy-§--tfmSp- Iq-Sn-b- ]m-À-¸n-S-§-fp--sS e-`y-X- D-d-¸p-h-cp-¯p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv Cu- L-S-I-¯n-sâ e-£yw-.

$ F-Ãm- Im-em-h-kvY-bn-epw- D-]--tbmKn¡m-hp-¶- kvYn-c- \n-À-an-Xn-bn-ep-Å- ]m-À-̧ n-S-§-fm-Wv ̀ -h-\- c-ln-X-À-¡m-bn- H-cp-¡p-¶-Xv. 50 ap-X-Â- 100 -t]À-¡v Xm-a-kn-¡m-hp-¶- kaq-l- In-S-¸m-Sw- F-¶- co-Xn-bn-Â- ]m-À-¸n-S-§-Ä- H-cp-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.

$ \-K-c-̄ n--se -sXcp-hn-Â- I-gn-bp-¶-h-cp--sS kÀ--tÆ bn-eq--sS I--sï¯n-b-h--sc ]q-À-®-am-bpw- ]p- \-c-[n-h-kn-̧ n-¡p-I-bpw- kp-c-£n-X- Xm-a-k-samcp-¡p-I-bpw- -sN¿p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv {]-[m-\- e-£yw-.

$ \-K-c-¯n--se `-h-\- c-ln-X-cn-Â- X--s¶ G-ä-hpw- A-i-c-W-cm-b- Ip-«n-I-Ä-, hr-²-À-, -sshI-ey-ap-Å-h-À-, am-\-kn-I- -shÃp-hn-fn-I-Ä- -t\cn-Sp-¶-h-À- F-¶n-§--s\bp-Å- hn-`m-K-§-fp--sS B-h-iy-§-Ä-¡-\p-kcn-̈ v ̀ -h-\-c-ln-X-À-¡p-Å- ]m- À-¸n-S-§-Ä-¡p-Ån-Â- X--s¶ {]--tXyI- hn-`m-K-§-Ä- kr-ãn-¡pw-.

$ ]m-À-¸n-S-§--sf kÀ-¡m-cp-I-fp--sS A-h-iym-[n-jvTn-X- km-aq-ly- kp-c-£n-X-X-z- ]-²-Xn-I-fp-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸Sp-¯pw-. 24 a-Wn-¡q-dpw- {]-h-À-¯-\- kÖ-am-b-Xpw- A--t´hm-kn-I-Ä-¡v D-]-Po-h-\w- -t\Sp-¶-Xn--tebv¡v G-Xv ka-b-¯pw- ]p-d-¯v -t]mIp-¶-Xn-\pw- Xn-cn--sI hcp-¶-Xn-\p- apÅ- ku-I-cyw- Cu- -tI{µ-§-fn-Â- D-ïm-bn-cn-¡pw-.

$ ]p-Xn-b- -sjÂ-«-dp-I-fp- -sS \n-À-½m-W-¯n- \pw- -sjUyq-Ä- -tdäv {]-Im-c-ap-Å- F-kvän--taäv Xp-I-bpw- \n-e-hn-ep-Å-h-bp--sS ]p-\-c-p²m-c-W-§-Ä- 50 e-£w- cq-]-bpw- A-`-b--tI{µw- H-¶n-\p- e-̀ y-am-Ip-¶-Xm-Wv. Iq-Sm--sX A-̀ -b--tI{µw- H-¶n-\v 6 e-£w- cq-]- ho-Xw- B-Zy- 5 h-À-j--t¯bv¡v B--sI 30 e-£w- cq-]- \-S-̄ n-̧ v ]-cn-]m-e-\- -sNe-hv C-\-̄ n-Â- A-̀ -b--tI{µ-̄ n-\v e-̀ y-am-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.

4. \-K-c-§-fn--se -sXcp-hp- I-¨-h-S-¡m-À-¡p-Å- klm-b- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä-Cu- ]-²-Xn- L-S-I-¯n-sâ e-£yw- \-K-c-¯n--se -sXcp-hp- I-̈ -h-S-¡m-cp--sS -s]-s«¶v Io-gv-s]«p--t]mIm-hp-¶- Po-hn-Xm-h-kvY-I--sf H-cp- _-lp-ap-J- kao-]-\-¯n-eq--sS ]-cn-l-cn-¡p-hm-³- {i-an-¡p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv. Cu- _-lp-ap-J- kao-]-\-¯n-Â- Xm--sg]-d-bp-¶- Im-cy-§-fm-Wv D-Ä--s¸Sp-¶-Xv. $ -sXcp-hp- I-¨-h-S-¡m-cp--sS kÀ--tÆbpw- Xn-cn-¨-dn-

b-Â- Im-À-Up-I-fp--sS hn-X-c-W-hpw- $ \-K-c-¯n--se -sXcp--thmc- I-¨-h-S- -taJ-e-I-fp--sS

A-Sn-kvYm-\- ku-I-cy- hn-I-k\w-

^-ïv B-bn- \-Â-Ip-¶-Xm-Wv. Ip-d-ª-Xv aq-¶v am-k-sa¦n-epw- k¼m-Zy-hpw-/hm-bv]- \-Â-I-epw- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- \-S-¯n-bn-«p-Å- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡v am-{X-am-bn-cn-¡pw- Cu- dn--thmÄ-hnw-Kv ̂ -ïv e-`n-¡m-\p-Å- A-À-l-X-.

$ A-Xp--t]m-se F-Un-F-Êp-I-Ä-¡pw- A-h-cp--sS {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-¡m-bn- 50,000 cq-]-h--sc dn--thmÄ-hnw-Kv ^-ïv e-`y-am-¡pw-.

$ \-K-c-̄ n--se ]m-h--s¸«-h-À-¡v A-h-cp--sS tkh-\-§-fpw- D-Â]-¶-§-fpw- hn-]-W-\w- -sN¿p-¶-Xn-\pw- {]--tbm P-\-I-c-am-b- hn-h-c-§-fpw- a-äp- tkh-\-§-fpw- {]m-]y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- ku-I-cy-{]-Z-am-b- H-cp- -thZn- F-¶- \n-e-bn-Â- \-K-c -D-]-Po-h-\- -tI{µ-§-Ä- F-Ãm- \-K-c-§-fn-epw- {]-h-À-¯-\-£-a-am-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. H--tcm \-K-c- D-]-Po-h-\- -tI{µ-§-Ä-¡pw- 10 e-£w- cq-]- ho-X-ap-Å- {Km-âv ”A-¬--ssäUv ̂ -ïv” F-¶- \n-e-bn-Â- 3 K-Up-¡-fm-bn- \-Â-Ip-¶p-.

F-³- bp- F-Â- Fw- ]-²-Xn- {]-Im-c-ap-Å- L-S-I-§-Ä- F-{]-Im-c--saÃmw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS im-ào-I-c-W-¯n-\p- {]--tbmP-\--s¸Sp-¯mw-? N-À-¨- -sN¿p-I-.

2. -ss\]p-Wy- ]-cn-io-e-\-hpw- \n-b-a-\-hpw- $ -sXmgn-Â- c-ln-X-cm-b- \-K-c- Z-cn-{Z-À-¡v i-¼-

fm-Sn-kvYm-\-¯n-Â- -tPmen- e-`n-¡p-¶-Xn- \pw- kz-bw--sXmgn-Â- -sN¿p-¶-Xn-\pw- D-Å- km-[y-X-I-Ä- -sa¨--s¸Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\pw- -sXmgn-Â- -sshZ-Kv²yw- D-b-À-¯p-¶-Xn-\p-am-Wv Cu- ]-²-Xn- L-S-Iw- {i-²- -tI{µo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

$ -sXmgn-Â- c-ln-X--tcm, -sXmgn-Â- kvYn-c-X-bn-Ãm-¯-h--tcm B-b- \-K-c- Z-cn-{Z--scbm-Wv Cu- L-S-Iw- e-£y-an-Sp-¶-Xv.

$ ss\]p-Wy- ]-cn-io-e-\-̄ n-\p-Å- Kp-W--t`màm-¡-fm-bn- -sXc--sªSp-¡p-¶-Xn-\v Ip-d-ª--tXm Iq-Sn-b--tXm B-b- hn-Zym-`ym-k -tbmKy-Xm- ]-cn-[n-I-Ä- H-¶pw- X--s¶ \n-Ý-bn-¨n-«n-Ã-. F-¶m-Â- Hm--tcm -ss\]p-Wy- ]-cn-io-e-\- -tImgvkn-\pw- A-Sn-kvYm-\- -tbmKy-X- A-X-Xv -tImgvkp-I-fp- -sS ]m-Ty- ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- \n-jvI-À-jn-¨n-«p-ïv.

$ sXmgn-Â- km-[y-Xm- ]-T-\-¯n-sâ A-Sn-kvYm-\-¯n-Â- cq-]- -s¸Sp-¯n-b- kÀ-«n- -ssÛv -tImgvkp-I-fn-eq--sS -sXmgn-Â- -sN¿m-³- k¶-²-cm-b- F-Ãm-h-À-¡pw- ku-P-\y- -ss\]p-Wy- ]-cn-io-e-\-hpw- -sXmgn-epw- D-d-¸m-¡m-\m-Wv ]-²-Xn- e-£y-an-Sp-¶-Xv.

A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]--tZi-¯p-Å- A-À-l-cm-b-h--sc -ss\]p- Wy- ]-cn-io-e-\-̄ n-Â- D-Ä--s¸Sp-̄ p-¶-Xn-\p- I-gn-ªn-«p--tïm? A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- -ss\]p-Wy- ]-cn-io-e-\w- B-h-iy-ap-Å-h-cp--sS c-Pn-kvä-À- X-¿m-dm-¡m-³- F--s´Ãmw- -sN¿m-³- I-gn-bpw-?

38

3. \-K-c-§-fn--se h-gn--tbmc- I-¨-h-S-¡m-À- (X-§-fp--sS {]-h-À-̄ -\- -taJ-e- hn-]p-e--s¸Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\v)

4. ]-c-¼-cm-K-X- -sXmgn-ep-I-fn-Â- G-À--s¸«n-cn- ¡p-¶-h-À-.

2. {]m-b-]-cn-[n-kw-cw-`w- B-cw-`n-¡p-¶- ka-b-¯v 18 h-b-Êv ]q- À-¯o-I-cn-¡-Ww-.

3. hn-Zym-`ym-k -tbmKy-X-/ -sshZ-Kv²yw-Kp-W--t`màm-¡-Ä-¡v Ip-d-ª- hn-Zym-`ym-k -tbm-Ky-X- \n-jvI-À-jn-¡p-¶n-Ã-. F-¶m-Â- B-cw-`n-¡m-³- D--t±in-¡p-¶- kw-cw-`-¯n-\-\p-kcn-¨v B-h-iy-am-b- kw-cw-`-I-X-z- hn-I-k\- ]-cn-io-e-\-hpw- (C-.Un-.]n-), -ss\]p-Wy- ]-cn-io-e-\-hpw- (kvIn-Â- -s{Sbn-\nw-Kv) -t\Sn-bn-cn-¡-Ww-.

G--sX¦n-epw- hy-àn-/hy-àn-I-Ä- X-§-fp--sS Ip-e--s¯mgn-Â- -sa -̈-s¸Sp-̄ p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- kz-bw--sXm gn-Â- hm-bv]- e-`y-am-¡p-¶ -]-£w- -ss\]p-Wy- ]-cn-io-e-\-¯n-sâ B-h-iy-an-Ã-, B-b-Xv \-K-c-k`- km-£y--s¸Sp-¯n-bm-Â- a-Xn-bm-Ipw-.

4. Kp-W--t`màm-¡--sf I--sï¯p-¶--sX§--s\/Kp-W--t`màr- -sXc--sªSp-¸v $ Ip-Spw-_-{io- {Xn-X-e- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\-̄ n-

eq--sS (A-b-Â-¡q-«- -tbmK-§-Ä-, kn-.Un-.F-kv B-£-³- ¹m-³-)

$ Kp-W--t`màm-¡-Ä- Xm-ev]-cy-̄ n-\-\p-kcn-̈ v -t\cn-«v A--t]£- ka-À-¸n-¡-Â-

$ F-³-.bp-.F-Â-.Fw- I-½yq-Wn-än- Hm-À-K--ss\kÀ-am-À-/kn-än-an-j-³- am--t\Pv-saâv bq-Wn-äv - kn-.Un-.F-kv/ hm-À-UvX-e-¯n-Â- F-kv.kn-.]n- Iym--s¼bn-³- (-s]mXp- A-h--t_m[- in-ev]-im-e-) \-S-¯n- Xm-ev]-cy-ap-Å-h--sc I--sï¯-Â-

$ _m-¦p-I-Ä- X-§-fp--sS _n-kn-\-Êv I-d-kv-t]m ï-âv, _m-¦nw-Kv an-{X- h-gn-

-t{]mP-Îv - ]-²-Xn- Xp-I- hy-àn-K-X-/{Kq-¸v kw-cw-`-§-Ä-hy-àn-K-X- kw-cw-`-§-Ä-¡p-Å- ]-c-am-h-[n- ]-²-Xn- Xp-I- 2.5 e-£w- cq-]-bpw-, {Kq-¸v kw-cw-`-§-fp--tSXv ]-c-am-h-[n- 10 e-£w- cq-]-bp-am-Wv. {Kq-¸v kw-cw-`-§-fn-Â- Ip-d-ª-Xv 3 Aw-K-§-Ä- D-ïm-bn-cn-¡-Ww-.Kp-W--t`màr- hn-ln-Xw- 5% B-Wv. A--t]£- ka-À-¸n--t¡ï-/hn-e-bn-cp-¯p-¶- co-Xn-1. Ip-Spw-_-{io- an-j-³- hn-I-kn-¸n-¨n-«p-Å- \n-À-±n-ã-

A--t]£m- -t^md-¯n-em-Wv A--t]£- ka-À-¸n--t¡ï-Xv.

2. A--t]£m- -t^md--t¯m-sSm¸w- B-cw-`n-¡m-³- D--t±in-¡p-¶- ]-²-Xn-bp--sS -s{]m-t¸mkÂ-, Xn-cn-̈ -dn-b-Â- Im-À-Un-sâ ]-I-À-̧ v, -sshZ-Kv[y- ]-cn-io-e-\w-, C-.Un-.]n- ]-cn-io-e-\w- F-¶n-h-bp--sS kÀ-«n-̂ n-¡-

$ ]-cn-io-e-\-hpw- -ss\]p-Wy- hn-I-k\-hpw- $ [-\-Im-cy- kw-hn-[m-\-§-fp-am-bn- D-Ä--tNÀ-¡-Â- $ hm-bv]m- ku-I-cy- e-`y-am-¡-Â- $ km-aq-ly- kp-c-£m- ]-²-Xn-I-fp-am-bn- I-®n--tNÀ-

¡-Â-

5. Im-cy--tijn- hn-I-k\-hpw- ]-cn-io-e-\-hpw-Zm-cn-{Zy- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\- ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-Ä- \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- \-K-c- k`-I-fp--sS Im-cy--tijn- hn-I-kn-¸n-¡p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv Cu- L-S-I-¯n-sâ e-£yw-. C-Xn-sâ `m-K-am-bn- \-K-c- k`-I-fn-Â- ]-²-Xn- Im-e-b-f-hn-Â- km--t¦Xn-I- hn-Z-Kv²-cp-Ä--s¸Sp-¶- kn-än- an-j-³- am--t\Pv-saâv bq-Wn-äv kvYm-]n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- [-\-klm-bw- \-Â-Ipw-. A-Xp--t]m-se Zm-cn-{Zy- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\- ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fp--sS \n-À-Æ-l-W- D--tZymK-kvY-À-¡v hn-hn-[- ]-cn-io-e-\-hpw- \-Â-Ipw-.

6. \q-X-\-\m-i-b--khn--tij- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä-.Zm-cn-{Zy- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\-̄ n-\p-Å- ]p-̄ -³- B-i-b-§-Ä- D-Ä--s¡mÅp-¶-Xn-\pw- ]p--tcmK-a-\-]-c-am-b- Im-Â-h-bv̧ p-I--sf ]n-́ p-W-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw-, A-̄ -cw- ]-²-Xn-I--sf a-än-S-§-fn--tebv¡v hym-]n-̧ n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-am-Wv -tZio-b- \-K-c- D-]-Po-h-\- an-j-³- Cu- L-S-I-¯n-sâ \-S-¯n-¸n-eq--sS e-£yw- h-bv¡p-¶-Xv. Cu- L-S-I-̄ n-\p- Io-gn-Â- \-K-c- Zm-cn-{Zy- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\- {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-Ä-¡v Du-À-Öw- ]-I-cp-¶-Xpw- kp-kvYn-c-am-bn- \n-e-\n-Â-¡p-¶-Xp-am-b- \-ho-\- co-Xn-im-kv{X-§-Ä- Nn-«--s¸Sp-¯m- \pw- \-S-¸n-em-¡n- Im-Wn-¡p-hm-\pw- B-Wv ]-cn-{i-an-¡p-¶-Xv.

\-K-c- k`-I-Ä-¡pw-, Zm-cn-{Zy- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\- cw-K-¯v Xm-ev]-cy-ap-Å- a-äp- kvYm-]-\-§-Ä-¡pw- Cu- L-S-I-¯n-\p- Io-gn-Â- kw-kvYm-\- an-j-³- ap-Jm-ń-cw- ]-²-Xn- \n-À--t±i-§-Ä- ka-À-¸n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

kz-bw- -sXmgn-Â- ]-²-Xn-\-K-c-Z-cn-{Z-À-¡v X-§-fp--sS A-̀ n-cp-Nn-¡pw-, -ss\]p-Wy-§-Ä-¡pw- {]m--tZin-I- ]-cn-kvYn-Xn-¡pw- A-\p--tbmPy-am-b- kz-bw- -sXmgn-Â- I--sï¯p-¶-Xn-\p- B-h-iy-am-b- ]-cn-io-e-\w-, km--t¦Xn-I-- hn-]-W-\- klm-bw-, kw-cw-`w- B-cw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v e-`y-am-¡p-¶- _m-¦v hm-bv]-bp--sS ]-en-i-bv¡v k_vkn-Un- e-`y-am-¡-Â- F-¶-Xm-Wv Cu- ]-²-Xn-bn-eq--sS e-£y-an-Sp-¶-Xv.1. B--scm-s¡bm-Wv Cu- ]-²-Xn-bp--sS Kp-W--t`màm-¡-Ä- ?\-K-c- Z-cn-{Z-À- : hm-À-jn-I- h-cp-am-\w- 1,00,000/- cq-]-bn-Â- Xm--sgbp-Å- Ip-Spw-_-§-fn--se Aw-K-§-Ä-. Cu- hn-̀ m-K-̄ n-Â--s¸«- Xm--sg¸-d-bp-¶- hn-`m-K-¯n-ep-Å-h--sc Kp-W--t`màm-¡-fm-bn- ]-cn-K-Wn-¡mw-. 1. A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-Ä-/Ip-Spw-_mw-K-§-Ä-2. \-K-c-§-fn--se ]m-h--s¸«-h-cn--se -sXmgn-Â- c-ln-

X-cpw-, ]-cn-an-X-am-b- -sXmgn-Â- km-[y-X-I-Ä- am-{X-ap-Å- hy-àn-I-Ä-

39

ho-Sv \n-À-½n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v -tI{µ--kw-kvYm-\--\-K-c-k`- hn-ln-X-am-bn- 4 e-£w- cq-]- \-Â-Ip-¶- L-S-I-am-Wv hy-àn-K-X- \n-À-½m-Ww-. Iq-Sm--sX am-kh-cp-am-\w- 1.50 e-£w- cq-]-h--scbp-Å- Ip-Spw-_-§-Ä-¡v ho-Sv \n-À-½n-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- / ho-Sv hm-§p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- _m-¦n-Â- \n-¶pw- I--t¼mf- \n-c-¡n-Â- \n-¶pw- Ip-d-ª- \n-c-¡n-ep-Å- ]-en-i-bv¡v hm-bv]-bm-bn- e-`y-am-¡p-¶- ]-²-Xn- L-S-I-am-Wv -s{IUn-äv en-¦vUv k_vkn-Un-.

kw-kvYm-\- kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ -sse^v ]-²-Xn-bp-am-bn- kw--tbmPn-¸n-¨p--sImïv ap-gp-h-³- `-h-\-c-ln-X-À-¡pw- ]m-À-¸n-S-§-Ä- e-`y-am-¡p-hm-\m-Wv e-£y-an-Sp-¶-Xv. `q-c-ln-X- `-h-\-c-ln-X-À-¡v `-h-\-kap-¨-b-§-Ä- ka-b-_-Ôn-X-am-bn- \n-À-½n-¨v \-Â-Ip-¶-Xn-\p-Å- \-S-]-Sn-I-Ä- X-z-cn-X-K-Xn-bn-Â- \-S-¸m-¡n-h-cp-¶p-.

hn-e-bn-cp-¯-Â- -tNmZy-§-Ä-1. en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- F-{]-Im-c--saÃmw- h-cp-am-\- h-À-

²-\-hn-\m-bn- D-]--tbmK--s¸Sp-¯mw-?2. A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]--tZi--s¯ kv{Xo- kp-c-£n-X

C-S-am-¡m-³- F--s´Ãmw- -sN¿m-³- I-gn-bpw-?3. -sP F-Â- Pn- {]-h-À-̄ -\w- i-àn--s¸Sp-̄ p-¶-Xn-Â-

A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡p-Å- ]-¦v N-À-¨- -sN¿p-I-.4. \-K-c- {]--tZi-§-fn-Â- \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶- F-³- bp-

F-Â- Fw- ]-²-Xn-bp--sS khn--tij-X-I-Ä- hn-e-bn-cp-¯p-I-.

5. _m-e-k`m- {]-h-À-¯-\w- -sImïp-Å- -t\«-§-Ä- ]-«n-I- -s]Sp-¯p-I-.

6. Un- Un- bp- Pn- -sI -ssh ]-²-Xn-bp--sS ({Km-a- {]--tZi-̄ p- am-{Xw-) e-£y-§-Ä- F--s´Ãm-am-Wv?

Xp-S-À- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]--tZi-¯v Im-À-jn-I- kar-²n-¡m-bn- H-cp- {]-h-À-¯-\- ]-²-Xn- X-¿m-dm-¡p-I-.

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]--tZi-¯v -sXmgn-Â- ]-cn-io-e-\-¯n-\p- Xm-ev]-cy-ap-Å- A-À-l-cm-b- ap-gp-h-\m-fp-I--sfbpw- D-Ä--s¸Sp-¯n- H-cp- -ss\]p-Wy- c-Pn-kvä-À- X-¿m-dm-¡p-I-.

$ kw-cw-`-I-, Im-À-jn-I-, ar-K- kw-cw-£-W- -taJ-e-I-fn-Â- {Km-a-k`-bn-Â- D-¶-bn-¡m-\p-Å- \n-À--t±i-§-Ä- ]-«n-I--s]Sp-¯p-I-.

$ Ip-Spw-_-{io- D-]-Po-h-\- ]-²-Xn- {]-Im-cw- A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-fp--sS Po-hn-X-¯n-Â- h-¶n-«p-Å- am-ä-§-Ä- N-À-¨- -sNbvXv H-cp- Ip-dn-¸v X-¿m-dm-¡p-I-.

$ kz-Im-cy- ]-W-an-S-]m-Sv kvYm-]-\-§-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- D-b-À-¶- ]-en-i-bv¡v Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§-Ä- hm-bv]- F-Sp-¡p-¶p--sï¦n-Â- A-¯-cw- {]-h-W-X-I-Ä- \n-cp-Õm-l--s¸Sp-¯m-³- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\v F--s´Ãmw- -sN¿m-³- I-gn-bpw-. H-cp- {]-h-À-¯-\- ]-²-Xn- X-¿m-dm-¡p-I-.

än-sâ ]-I-À-¸v F-¶n-h- D-ïm-bn-cn-¡-Ww-.3. A--t]£- \-K-c-k`-bn-em-Wv ka-À-¸n--t¡ï-Xv.4. \-K-c-k`- A--t]£- kzo-I-cn-¡p--t¼mÄ-, bp-.sF-.

Un- \-¼-À- \-Â-Ip-¶-Xm-Wv.5. \-K-c-k`m-X-e-¯n-Â- cq-]o-I-cn-¨n-«p-Å- Sm-kvIv-

t^mgvkv I-½n-än- e-`y-am-b- F-Ãm- A--t]£-I-fpw- ]-cn--tim[n-¨v _m-¦p-I-fn--te¡v hm-bv]- e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\v ip-]m-À-i- -sN¿p-¶-Xm-Wv. \yq- \-X-I-fp-Å- A--t]£-I-Ä- \yq-\-X- ]-cn-l-cn-¨v ]p-\-ka-À-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v B-h-iy--s¸Sp-¶-Xm-Wv.

6. A--t]£- e-̀ y-am-bn- 14 Zn-h-k¯n-\p-Ån-Â- _m-¦p-I-Ä- A--t]£-bn--t·Â- Xo-À-¸p- I-ev]n-¡p-¶-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw-.

]-en-i-k_vkn-Un- e-`y-am-¡p-¶--sX§--s\?_m-¦p-I-Ä- A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶- \n-e-hn--se ]-en-i-\n-c-¡pw- 7% Dw- X-½n-ep-Å- hy-Xym-kam-Wv k_vkn-Un-bm-bn- \-Â-Ip-I-.

D-Zm-:- _m-¦v Cu-Sm-¡p-¶- ]-en-i-\n-c-¡v 12% B--sW¦n-Â- 7% A-[n-I-cn-¡p-¶- (_m-¡n- 5%) ]-en-i-bv¡p-Å- Xp-I-bm-Wv k_vkn-Un-bm-bn- \-Â-Ip-¶-Xv.Ir-Xy-am-bn- hm-bv]- Xn-cn-¨-S-¡p-¶- kw-cw-`-I-À-¡v A-[n-I-am-bn- 3% ]-en-i-bn-f-hv e-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v A-À-l-X-bp-ïm-bn-cn-¡pw-. A-[n-I- ]-en-i-bn-f-hv Ip-Spw-_-{io- an-j-sâ ̂ -ïn-Â- \n-¶p-am-bn-cn-¡pw- e-̀ y-am-¡p-I-.1. kw-cw-`-¯n-\v hm-bv]- A-\p-h-Zn-¨p- I-gn-ªm-Â-

A--t]£-I-³- C-Xn-sâ hn-i-Zmw-i-§-Ä- \-K-c-k -̀bv¡v- e-`y-am--t¡ï-Xm-Wv.

2. -ss{Xam-km-Sn-kvYm-\-¯n-em-Wv ]-en-i- k_vkn-Un- I-W-¡m-¡p-I-. Xn-cn-¨-S-hv hn-h-c-§-Ä-, -s¢ bnw- kv-tääv-saâv _m-¦n-Â- \n-¶pw- -tiJ-cn-̈ v A-Xn-\-\p-kcn-̈ m-Wv ]-en-i- k_vkn-Un- e-̀ y-am-¡p-I-.

05. {]-[m-\-a-{ń- B-hm-kv -tbmP-\- sse^v - F-Ãm-h-À-¡pw- `-h-\w- ]-²-Xn-

(\-K-c-{]--tZi-§-fn-Â- am-{Xw- _m-[-Iw-)

F-Ãm-h-À-¡pw- `-h-\w-” F-¶- e-£y--t¯m-sS -tI{µ--kw-kvYm-\- kÀ-¡m-cp-I-fp--sSbpw- \-K-c-k`-I-fp--sS bpw- kw-bp-àm-̀ n-ap-Jy-̄ n-Â- \-K-c-k -̀I-fn-Â- \-S-̧ m-¡n-h-cp-¶- ]-²-Xn-bm-Wv {]-[m-\-a-{ń- B-hm-kv -tbmP-\ -(]n-.Fw-.F-.-ssh). $ \-K-c-{]--tZi--s¯ F-Ãm-h-À-¡pw- ]m-À-¸n-S-§-Ä-

e-`y-am-¡p-I-, hm-k-tbmKy-a-Ãm-¯- `-h-\-§--sf hm-k-tbmKy-am-¡p-I- F-¶n-h-bm-Wv ]-²-Xn-bp--sS {]-[m-\- e-£y-§-Ä-.

$ -tNcn-hn-I-k\w-, -s{IUn-äv en-¦vUv k_vkn-Un-, A--t^mÀ-U-_n-Ä- l-u-knw-Kv kvIow-, hy-àn-K-X- \n-À-½m-Ww- F-¶o- \m-ep- hy-Xy-kvX- L-S-I-§-Ä- kw--tbmPn-¸n-¨p- -sImïm-Wv {]-kvXp-X- ]-²-Xn- hn-`m-h-\w- -sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

$ kz-´-am-bn- kvY-e-ap-Å- Kp-W--t`màm-¡-Ä-¡v

40

C-\w-]q-À-®-am-bn- I-gn-bp-¶p-



Hm--tcm A-b-Â-¡q-«-hpw- \n-e-hn-ep-Å- \n-e-hm-cw- -sa -̈-s¸Sp-̄ m-\p-Å- ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-Ä- -taJ-e-Xn-cn-̈ v B-kq-{X-Ww- -sN¿m-³- {]m- ]vXn- -t\Sn-.

hn-hn-[- ^-ïp-I-Ä-, hm-bv]-I-Ä- Xp-S-§n-b-h--sb¡p-dn-¨v [m-c-W--t\Sn-.

Im-À-jn-I- hn-I-k\-¯n-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io-¡p-Å- {]m-[m-\yw- Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªp-.

hn-hn-[- -ssa-t{Im kw-cw-`- ]-²-Xn-I-fp--sS khn--tij-X-I-Ä- hn-i-I-e-\w- -sN¿p-¶-Xn-\p- {]m-]vXn- -t\Sn-.

km-aq-ln-I- im-ào-I-c-W-¯n-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io-¡p-Å- ]-¦v Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªp-

hn-hn-[- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä- -t\Sn--sbSp-¡m-\p-Å- -tijn- -ssIh-cn-¨p-.

kz-bw- hn-e-bn-cp-¯-Â- -sN¡v en-kväv

41

A-b-Â-¡q-«- I-W--s¡gp-¯n-sâ {]m-[m-\y--sa´v?

N-À-¨m- kq-N-I-§-Ä- $ km-¼-̄ n-I- {I-b-hn-{I-b-§-Ä- kp-Xm-cy-am-Ip-¶p-. $ A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]-h-À-¯-\w- i-àn--s¸Sp-¶p-. $ ............................................................................................. $ ............................................................................................. $ .............................................................................................

C-¶v \n-§-Ä- I-W--s¡gp-¯n-Â- A-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶- {]-iv\-§-Ä- F--s´m-s¡bm-Wv ? $ I-W--s¡gp-¯n-sâ {]m-[m-\y--s¯¡p-dn-¨p-f-f-

A-dn-hn-Ãm-bva-. $ I-W--s¡gp-¯v km-¼-¯n-I- c-Pn-kvä-dn-Â- am-{X-

am-bn- H-Xp-§n--t¸mIp-¶p-. $ kam-lr-X- c-Pn-kvä-À- Ir-Xy-am-bpw- {I-a-am-bpw-

F-gp-Xm-\p-f-f- A-dn-hn-Ãm-bva- $ ]-en-i- I-W-¡p- Iq-«m-³- A-dn-hn-Ãm-¯-Xn-\m-Â-

B-i-b-¡p-g-¸w- \n-e-\n-Â-¡p-¶p- $ .............................................................................................

$ .............................................................................................

3A[ymbw

B-ap-Jw-

Ip-Spw-_-{io- {Xn-X-e- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\-¯n-sâ A-Sn-kvYm-\- L-S-I-am-W--tÃm A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-. A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ {]-[m-\- Z-u-Xy-am-Wv e-Lp- k¼m-Zy- hm-bv]m- {]-h-À-¯-\w-. A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- ]-W-an-S- ]m-Sv \-S-¡p-¶-Xp- -sImïpw- A-Xv kXy-kÔ-hpw- kp-Xm-cy-am-bpw- \-S--t¯ï-Xp- -sImïpw- -tcJ-I-fpw- c-Pn-kvä-dp-I-fpw- Ir-Xy-am-bn- F-gp-Xn- kq-£n--t¡ï-Xv A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS kp-K-a-am-b- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-¡v A-h-iyw- -thï- c-Pn-kvä-dp-I-Ä- G--sXm-s¡-sb¶pw- A-h- F-§--s\bm-Wv Ir-Xy-am-bpw- kp-Xm-cy-am-bpw- F-gp-Xn- kq-£n--t¡ï--sX¶p-am-Wv Cu- ]m-T-`m-K-¯n-eq--sS hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

]-T-\--t\«-§-Ä- 1. A-b-Â-¡q-«- c-Pn-kvä-dp-I-Ä- F-gp-Xn- kq-£n--

t¡ï-Xn-sâ {]m-[m-\yw- -t_m[y--s¸Sp-¶p- 2. H-cp- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-ep-ïm-bn-cn--t¡ï- c-Pn-kvä-

dp-I-Ä- G--sXm-s¡-sb¶pw- A-h- Ir-Xy-am-bpw- kp-Xm-cy-am-bpw- F-gp-Xn- kq-£n--t¡ï--sX§--s\-sb¶pw- a-\-kn-em-¡p-¶p-.

3. an-\n-Svkv F-gp--tXï-hn-[w- hn-i-Z-am-bn- a-\-kn-em-¡m-³- I-gn-bp-¶p-

4. A-b-Â-¡q-«- {Xn-^vän-sâ {]m-[m-\y-hpw- {Xn-^väv h-À-²n-¸n--t¡ï-Xn-sâ B-h-iy-I-X-bpw- Aw-K-§-fn-ep-f-hm-¡m-³- I-gn-bp-¶p-.

5. hm-bv]m- Xn-cn-̈ -S-hn-sâ {]m-[m-\yw- -t_m[y--s¸Sp-¶p-.

6. ]-en-i- I-W-¡m-¡p-¶- hn-[w-, Ip-Spw-_-{io- hm-bv]-bp--sS ]-en-i-bpw- kz-Im-cy- hm-bv]-bp--sS ]-en-i-bpw- X-½n-ep-f-f- hy-Xym-kw- F-¶n-h- a-\-kn-em-¡p-¶p-

7. Fw-.sF-. F-kv \m-f-Xo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-epw- -t{KUnw-Kn-epw- A-b-Â-¡q-«- I-W--s¡gp-¯n-sâ ]-¦v -t_m[y--s¸Sp-¶p-.

8. Hm-Un-änw-Kn-Â- A-b-Â-¡q-«- I-W-¡p-I-Ä- Ip-ä-a-ä-Xm-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-fn-Â- kp-Xm-cy-X-bpw- hn-i-zm-ky-X-bpw- D-d-¸p- h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn- \pw- I-gn-bp-¶p-.

I-W--s¡gp-¯v A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â-

H-cp- A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-Â- D-ïm-bn-cn--t¡ï- {]-[m-\- c-Pn-kvä-dp-I--sf¡p-dn-¨v \-½p--sS -ss_-tembn-Â- {]-Xn-]m- Zn-¨n-«p-ïv. A-h- G--sXÃm-am-Wv?

$ an-\n-Svkv $ Aw-K-X-z- c-Pn-kvä-À- $ ............................................................................................. $ .............................................................................................

42

i-cn-/ -sXäv

A-b-Â-¡q-«- -tbmK-§-fn-Â- ap-gp-h-³- Aw-K-§-fp--sSbpw- ]-¦m-fn-¯w- D-d-¸m-¡-Ww-

-sImgn-ªp- -t]mIp-¶- Aw-K-¯n-sâ Aw-K-X-z- \-¼-À- ]p-Xp-Xm-bn- h-cp-¶- Aw-K-¯n-\v \-Â-Im-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-sâ _m-¦v ]m-kv_p-¡v -tbmK-̄ n-Â- -sImïp-h--tcï-Xn-Ã-

A-b-Â-¡q-«- an-\n-Svkv -tbmK-¯n-Â- -sh¨p- X--s¶ ]q-À-¯o-I-cn--t¡ï-Xp-ïv

Aw-K-X-z- ]-{Xn-I- F-gp-Xn- kq-£n-¡-W--sa¶v \n-À-_-Ô-an-Ã-

A-b-Â-¡q-«- k¼m-Zy-Xp-I- -sXm«-Sp-¯- {]-hr-¯n- Zn-h-kw- _m-¦n-Â- A-S-¡-Ww-

kam-lr-X- c-Pn-kvä-À- Ir-Xy-am-bn- F-gp-Xn- kq-£n--t¡ï-Xn-Ã-

B-́ -cn-I- hm-bv]m- hn-h-c-§-Ä- Aw-K-§-fp--sS ]m-kv_p-¡n-Â- -tcJ--s¸Sp--t¯ï-Xn-Ã-

A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-fp--sS B-h-iy-§-Ä- Xn-cn-̈ -dn-ªv -ssa-t{Im ¹m-³- X-¿m-dm-¡-Ww-

-t{KUnw-Kv- ]m-km-I-W--sa¦n-Â- Ir-Xy-am-b- I-W--s¡gp-¯v A-Xym-h-iy-am-Wv

{]-h-À-¯-\- dn--t¸mÀ-«n-Â- h-c-hv -sNe-hv I-W-¡p-I-Ä- D-ïm-bn-cn-¡-Ww-

A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-sâ ]-en-i-bpw- Im-em-h-[n-bpw- Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-¶-Xv {]-kn-U-âpw- sk{I-«-dn-bp-am-Wv

A-b-Â-¡q-«- Hm-Un-äv Hm--tcm h-À-j-hpw- ]q-À-¯o-I-cn--t¡ï-Xp-ïv

{Xn-^väv- Xp-I- Im-em-\p-kr-X-am-bn- h-À-²n-¸n-¡-Ww-

Fw-.sF-.F-kv Hm--tcm am-khpw- Ir-Xy-am-bn- \-Â--tIï-Xn-Ã-

A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]--tZi--s¯ C-\n-bpw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- Aw-K-am-Im-¯- ]m-h--s¸«-h--sc I--sï¯p-I-bpw- A-h--sc Aw-K-am-¡p-I-bpw- -sN¿-Ww-

\-½-Ä- \n-e-hn-Â- -sNbvXp- -t]mcp-¶- A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- H-¶p- ]-cn--tim[n-¨v Xm--sg ]-d-bp-¶- {]-kvXm-h-\-I-Ä- i-cn--tbm -sX-täm F-¶v

I-ïp-]n-Sn-¡mw-

1. Aw-K-X-z- c-Pn-kvä-À-F-ń-\m-Wv Aw-K-X-z- c-Pn-kvä-À- F-gp-Xn- kq-£n-¡p-¶-Xv ? $ Hm--tcm Aw-K-§-Ä-¡pw- Aw-K-X-zw- \-Â-In-b-

Xo-b-Xn- A-dn-bm-³- I-gn-bp-¶p- $ ............................................................................................... $ .............................................................................................

-sImgn-ªp- -t]mb- Aw-K-¯n-sâ Aw-K-X-z- \-¼-À- A-Sp-¯- Aw-K-¯n-\p- \-Â-Im--tam? C-Ã-. H-cn-¡-Â- \-Â-In-b- Aw-K-X-z- \-¼-À- ]n-¶o-Sm-À-¡pw- \-Â-Im-³- ]m-SnÃ

c-Pn-kvä-dp-I-Ä -G--sXm-s¡-sb¶v a-\-Ên-em-¡n-b--tÃm . C-\n- \-ap-¡v Hm--tcm c-Pn-kvä-dpw- F-gp--tXï- hn-[w- a-\-Ên-em-¡mw-.

43

3. km-¼-¯n-I- c-Pn-kvä-À- A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-fp--sS km-¼-¯n-I- {I-b- hn-{I-b-§-Ä- B-gvN- -tXmdpw- b-Ym- -tImf-¯n--segp-Xp-¶p-. km-¼-¯n-I- c-Pn-kvä-dn-sâ am-Xr-I- 20 Aw-K-§-fp-f-f- H-cp- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n--se c-ïw-K-§-fp--sSh-c-hp- -sNe-hp- I-W-¡p-I-Ä- km-¼-¯n-I- c-Pn-kvä-dn-eq--sS.

km-¼-¯n-I- c-Pn-kvä-À- - C-S-Xp-h-i--s¯ -t]Pv-tImfw- \w-: 1 - {I-a-\-¼-À- F-gp-Xp-I--tImfw- \w-: 2 - Hm--tcm Aw-K-¯n-sâbpw- -t]cv -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯p-I- -tImfw- \w-: 3 - Hm--tcm Aw-K-¯n-sâbpw- am-km-cw-`-

{I-a-\ -¼-À-

Aw-K-¯n-sâ -t]cv

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Aw-K-X-zw- \-Â-In-b- Xo-b-Xn-

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2 A-]-À-W- 3 15/10/2011 P P

1 Aw-K-X-z- \-¼-À- 1

2 Aw-K-¯n-sâ -t]cv A-ar-X-

3 -taÂ-hn-em-kw- : ]p-¯-cn-¡-ï-¯n-Â- _-Ô--s¸Sm-hp-¶- -t^m¬- \-¼-À-

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B-[m-À- Im-À-Uv \-¼-À-

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F -Â - . sF - .k n - \-¼-À-(KSSBY)

12345

4 A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- Aw-K-am-b-Xo-b-Xn- 11/04/2011

5 hm-À-Uv \-¼-À- 16 ho-«v \-¼-À- 123

6 -tdj-³-Im-À-Uv \-¼-À- 1234567891 -sXmgn-Â- Im-À-Uv \-¼-À-

12345

7 Ip-Spw-_mw-K-§-fp--sS F-®w- 4 {]m-b- ]q-À-¯n-bm-b-h-À-

2 Ip-«n-I-Ä- 2

8 hn-`m-Kw- BPL APL SC ST General OBC9 Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ {]-Xn-am-k h-cp-am-\w- 15000

10 A-Sn-kvYm-\- ku-I-cy- e-`y-X-

hm-k-tbmKy-am-b- `-h-\w-

Ip-Sn - -shf-f- - t{kmX-Êv

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11 Ip-Spw-_mw-K-§-fp--sS hn-h-cw-

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Aw-K-¯n-sâ H-¸v

2. A-b-Â-¡q-«- Aw-K-X-z- ]-{Xn-I- Cu- c-Pn-kvä-dn-eq--sS A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-¯n-sâbpw- A-b-Â-¡q-«- Ip-Spw-_mw-K-§-fp--sSbpw-

hn-h-c-§-Ä- e-`y-am-Ip-¶p-. A-b-Â-¡q-«- Aw-K-X-z- ]-{Xn-I- - am-Xr-I-

¯n--se \o-¡n-bn-cp-¸v -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯p-I--tImfw- \w-: 4ap-X-Â- 8 h--sc - Aw-K-¯n-sâ Hm--tcm B-gvN--s¯bpw- k¼m-Zyw- -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯p-I- -tImfw- \w-:9 - Aw-K-¯n-sâ B- am-k-s¯ B--sI k¼m-Zyw- F-gp-Xp-I--tImfw- \w-:10 - Aw-K-¯n-sâ B--sI k¼m-Zyw- -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯-Ww--tImfw- \w-:11 - ]n-³-h-en-¨- k¼m-Zy- Xp-I- -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯p-I--tImfw- \w-: 12 - k¼m-Zyw- ]n-³-h-en-¨- Xo-b-Xn- -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯p-I- -tImfw- \w-: 13 - Hm--tcm Aw-K-¯n-sâbpw- am-km-ý- \o-¡n-bn-cp-¸v -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯p-I-

Aw-K-X-z- c-Pn-kvä-dn-sâ am-Xr-I-

44

¡m-\p-f-f- Xp-I-bpw- Cu- am-kw- \-Â-In-b- Xp-I-bpw- -tNÀ--s¯gp-Xp-I-)-tImfw- \w-: 20ap-X-Â- 24h--sc - Aw-K-¯n-sâ Hm--tcm B-gvN--s¯bpw- hm-bv]m- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯p-I--tImfw- \w-:25 -Aw-Kw- B- am-kw- A-S-¨- ]-en-i- F-gp-Xp-I--tImfw- \w-:26 - Aw-Kw- B- am-kw- A-S-¨- B--sI Xn-cn-¨-S-hv F-gp-Xp-I--tImfw- \w-:27 - Aw-Kw- _m-¡n- Xn-cn-¨-S-¡m-\p-f-f- Xp-I- -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯p-I--tImfw- \w-: 28 - Aw-Kw- A-Sp-̄ - am-kw- A-S-bv-t¡ï- ]-en-i- -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯p-I- -tImfw- \w-: 29 - Hm--tcm Aw-K-hpw- am-km-h-km-\w- Xn-cn-¨-S-¡m-\p-f-f- Xp-I- ( ap-X-Â- + ]-en-i-)

km-¼-¯n-I- c-Pn-kvä-À- - h-e-Xp-h-i--s¯ -t]Pv-tImfw- \w-: 14 - Hm--tcm Aw-K-hpw- X-·m-kw- \-Â-Ip-¶- am-kh-cn- F-gp-Xp-I--tImfw- \w-: 15 - Hm--tcm Aw-K-hpw- X-·m-kw- \-Â-Ip-¶- -ss^³- F-gp-Xp-I--tImfw- \w-: 16 - Hm--tcm Aw-K-¯n-sâbpw- ap-³-am-km-h-km-\w- Xn-cn-¨-S-¡m-\p-f-f- hm-bv]m- Xp-I- -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯p-I--tImfw- \w-: 17 - B- am-kw- Aw-K-¯n-\v hm-bv]- -sImSp-¯- Xo-b-Xn- F-gp-Xp-I--tImfw- \w-: 18 - B- am-kw- Aw-K-¯n-\v -sImSp-¯- hm-bv]-Xp-I- F-gp-Xp-I--tImfw- \w-: 19 - Aw-K-¯n-\v -sImSp-¯- B--sI hm-bv]-Xp-I- F-gp-Xp-I- ( ap-³-am-km-h-km-\w- Xn-cn-¨-S-

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5. kam-lr-X- c-Pn-kvä-À-

1/6/2018 Â- -tNÀ-¶- H-cp- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ h-c-hp- -sNe-hp-I-Ä- Xm--sg \-Â-Ip-¶p-B-gvN-k¼m-Zyw- 50*20 -1000am-kh-cn- 10 *20 - 200]-en-i- - 1500hm-bv]m- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv e-`n-¨-Xv - 10000_m-¦n-Â- \n--t£]n-¨-Xv - 10500_m-¦n-Â- \n-¶pw- ]n-³-h-en-¨-Xv - 50000Aw-K-¯n-\v hm-bv]- \-Â-In-b-Xv - 50000bm-{Xm-¡q-en- - 40kv-täj-\-dn- - 80

en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv - 10000en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- _m-¦n-e-S-¨-Xv - 10000kv-t\l-\n-[n- h-c-hv - 100kv-t\l-\n-[n- kn-.Un-.F-kn--te¡v A-S-¨-Xv- 100 Cu- I-W-¡p-I-Ä-kam-lr-X- c-Pn-kvä-dn-eq--sS””kam-lr-X- c-Pn-kvä-À- F-gp-Xp-¶-Xn-eq--sS \-ap-¡p-f-f- -t\«-§-Ä-? $ A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n--se Hm--tcm km-¼-¯n-I- {I-b-hn-

{I-b-§-fpw- C-\w- Xn-cn-¨v A-dn-bm-³- I-gn-bp-¶p- $ ................................................................................

$ ............................................................................................

Xo-b-Xn- C-\-hn-h-c-Ww- h-c-hv -sNe-hv \o-¡n-bn-cp-¸v H-¸v

1/6/18 Xp-S-¡-¯n--se \o-¡n-bn-cp-¸v 0

1/6/18 k¼m-Zyw- 1000 1000

1/6/18 am-kh-cn- 200 1200

1/6/18 ]-en-i- 1500 2700

1/6/18 hm-bv]m- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv 10000 12700

2/6/18 _m-¦n-Â- \n--t£]n-¨-Xv 12500 200

2/6/18 _m-¦n-Â- \n-¶pw- ]n-³-h-en-¨-Xv 50000 50200

2/6/18 A-]-À-W-¡v hm-bv]- \-Â-In-b-Xv 50000 200

2/6/18 bm-{Xm-¡q-en- 40 160

2/6/18 kv-täj-\-dn- 80 80

5/6/18 en--t¦Pv hm-bv]m- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv 10000 10080

5/6/18 en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- _m-¦n-e-S-¨-Xv 10000 80

5/6/18 kv-t\l-\n-[n- h-c-hv 100 180

5/6/18 kv-t\l-\n-[n- kn-.Un-.F-kn-Â- \-Â-In-b-Xv 100 80

5/6/18 B-gvNm-h-km-\-ap-f-f- \o-¡n-bn-cp-¸v 80 H-¸v

46

F-gp-Xp-I- ( B--sI k¼m-Zyw- - X-·m-kw- ]n-³-h-en-¨- k¼m-Zyw-)-tImfw- 7 : A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâam-km-cw-`-¯n--se hm-bv]m- Xp-I- F-gp-X-Ww--tImfw- 8 : A-b-Â-¡q-«w-X-·m-kw- \-Â-In-b- hm-bv]-F-gp-X-Ww--tImfw-9 : A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-Â- X-·m-kw- e-̀ n-̈ - hm-bv]- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv F-gp-Xp-I--tImfw- 10 : X-·m-km-h-km-\w- Aw-K-§-Ä- Xn-cn-¨-S-¡m-\p-f-f- B--sI hm-bv]- Xp-I--tImfw- 11:am-km-́ yw- Aw-K-§-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- e-̀ n--t¡ï- B--sI ]-en-i- Xp-I--tImfw-12:am-km-ýw- ]-en-i- D-Ä--s¸-sS A-S-bv-t¡ï- B--sI hm-bv]- Xp-I- -tImfw- 13:A-b-Â-¡q-«w- X-·m-kw- _m-¦n-e-S-¨- Xp-I--tImfw- 14:A-b-Â-¡q-«w- X-·m-kw- _m-¦n-Â- \n-¶pw- ]n- ³-h-en-¨- Xp-I--tImfw- 15:sk{I-«-dn-bp--sS H-¸v -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯p-I-

6. {]-Xn-am-k e-Lp- k¼m-Zy- hm-bv]m- kw-£n- ]vX- I-W-¡p- hn-h-cw-Cu- c-Pn-kvä-dn-eq--sS \-½p--sS A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ Hm--tcm am-k-t¯bp-ap-f-f- km-¼-¯n-I- C-S-]m-Sp-I-fp--sS B--sI hn-h-c-§-Ä- e-`n-¡p-¶p-.

Cu- c-Pn-kvä-À- F-gp--tXï- hn-[w-

-tImfw- 1 : X-\-Xv h-À-jw- F-gp-Xp-I--tImfw- 2 : X-\-Xv am-kw- F-gp-Xp-I--tImfw- 3 : A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ am-km-cw-`-¯n--se B--sI k¼m-Zyw- F-gp-Xp-I--tImfw- 4 :A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ X-·m-k k¼m-Zyw- F-gp-Xp-I--tImfw- 5 :A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- \n-¶pw- X-·m-kw- ]n-³- h-en-¨- k¼m-Zyw- F-gp-Xp-I--tImfw-6 :A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ am-km-ý- k¼m-Zyw-

h-À-j

w-

am-k

w-

am-k

m-cw-`

- k

¼m-Z

yw-

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m-kk

¼m-Z

yw-

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¼m-Z

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-

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e

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2018 -sabv 300000 4000 - 304000 250000 50000 20000

hm-bv]-\o-¡n-bn-cp-¸v

X-·m-k ]-en-i-

am-km-ýw- ]-en-i- D-Ä--s¸-sS

hm-bv]- Xp-I-

X-·m-kw- _m-¦n-e-S-¨- Xp-I-

X-·m-kw- _m-¦n-Â- \n-¶pw-

]n-³-h-en-¨- Xp-I-

sk{I-«-dn- bp--sS H-¸v

10 11 12 13 14 15

280000 1500 281500 24000 50000

{]-Xn-am-k e-Lp- k¼m-Zy- hm-bv]m- kw-£n-]vX- I-W-¡p- hn-h-cw- am-Xr-I-

Xncn-¨-Shv hni-Zmw-i-§Ä

hmbv]m XpI

A\p-h-Zn¨ XobXn

A\p-h-Zn¨ _m¦v, {_m©v

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Xncn-¨-Shv Imem-h[n

{]Xn-amkw _m¦nÂ AS-bvt¡ï XpI

XobXn Xncn-¨-S¨ XpI (ap-XÂ)

Xncn-¨-S¨ ]eni

_m¡n AS-bv¡m-\p-

ff XpI

_m¦vckoXv \¼À

sk{I-«-dn-bpsS H¸v

7. {]Xn-amk ent¦Pv hmbv] Xncn-¨-Shv hnh-cWw\½psS AbÂ¡q-«-¯n\v e`n-¨n-«p-ff ent¦Pv hmbv]-bpsS hni-Zmw-i-§fpw

Xncn-¨-Shv hnh-c-§fpw tcJ-s¸-Sp¯mw.

47


X-·m-k ]-en-i-


hm-bv]- Xp-I-



]n-³-h-en-¨- Xp-I-


10 11 12 13 14 15

280000 1500 281500 24000 50000

8. _m-¦v en--t¦Pv hm-bv]m- e-UvP-À-Hm--tcm A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-Ä-¡pw- e-`n-¨- en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-bpw- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv hn-h-c-§-fpw- -

tcJ--s¸Sp-¯p-¶p-. Hm--tcm Aw-K-¯n-sâbpw- hn-h-c-§-Ä- Hm--tcm -t]Pn-em-bn- F-gp--tXï-Xm-Wv.

t]cv hm-bv]m- Xp-I-

Xo-b-Xn- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv Im-em-h-[n-

{]-Xn-am-kw- A-S-bv-t¡ï- Xp-I-

]-en-i- \n-c-¡v

{I-a- \-¼-À- Xo-b-Xn- {]-Xn-am-kw- A-S-¨- Xp-I-

A-S-¨- ]-en-i- _m-¡n- Xn-cn-¨-S-¡m-\p-f-f- Xp-I-

e-`n-¨- ]-en-i-k_vkn-Un-

sk{I-«-dn-bp--sS H-¸v

Xncn-¨-Shv hnh-c-§Ä

4. dn--t¸mÀ-«v $ {]-h-À-¯-\- dn--t¸mÀ-«pw- h-c-hv--sNe-hv I-W-¡p- I-fpw-( km-¼-¯n-I- dn--t¸mÀ-«v) $ h-cp-am-\-Zm-b-I- h-f-ân-b-À- dn--t¸mÀ-«v (-ssa-t{Im kw-cw-`- D-]-kan-Xn- dn--t¸mÀ-«v ) $ B--tcmKy- hn-Zym-̀ ym-k h-f-ân-b-À- dn--t¸mÀ-«v (kaq-ln-I- hn-I-k\- D-]-kan-Xn- dn--t¸mÀ-«v) $ A-Sn-kvYm-\- ku-I-cy- h-f-ân-b-À- dn--t¸mÀ-«v (A-Sn-kvYm-\- ku-I-cy- hn-I-k\- D-]-kan-Xn- dn--t¸mÀ-«v)

5. dn--t¸mÀ-«n--t·ep-Å- N-À-̈ -bpw- hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-§-fpw-6. C-X-c- hn-j-b-§-Ä-(1) ........................................................................................... (2) .......................................................................................... (3) .......................................................................................... 7. {]-iv\-§-fpw- {]--tab-§-fpw- 8. hm-bv]m- K-Up-, Ip-Sn-Èn-I- F-¶n-h-bp--sS kzo-I-c-

W-hpw- , hm-bv]m- A--t]£-I-fpw- A-\p-hm-Z-hpw-9. an-X-hy-b--e-Lp- k¼m-Zyw- ({Xn-̂ väv) -tiJ-cn-¡-Â-10. D-]-kw-lm-cw- - A-²y-£-11. Ir-X-Ú-X-km-[m-c-W- \n-e-bn-Â- -taÂ-]-d-ª- ]-Xn--s\m¶n-\- Im-cy-]-cn-]m-Sn-bm-Wv A-̀ n-Im-ayw-. B-dm-a--s¯ C-\-am-b- "C-X-c- hn-j-b-§-Ä-' F-¶-Xn-em-Wv am-äw- h-cm-hp-¶-Xv. C-hn--sS -tNÀ--t¡ï- hn-j-b-§-Ä- F--s´m-s¡bm-h-W--sa¶v sk{I-«-dn-, {]-kn-U-âv, a-äp- -thmf-ân-b-À-am-À- F-¶n-h--tcmSv Iq-Sn-bm--temNn-̈ v -tNÀ-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv D-Nn-Xw-. -tbmKm-cw-`-¯n-\p- -tijw-, A-P-ï- hm-bn-¨-Xn-\p- -tijw- {]-knU-âv A-P-ï-bn-Â- F--s´¦n-epw- Iq-«n- -tNÀ-¡p-hm-³- D--tïm? F-¶v- -tbmK--t¯mSv B-cm-bp-I-bpw-, F--s´¦n-epw- D--sï¦n-Â- B-dm-a--s¯ A-P-ï-bn-Â- A-Sp--s¯mcp- D-]-\-¼-À- Iq-Sn- \-Â-In- B- hn-j-bw- Iq-Sn--t¨À-¡p-I-bpw- -sN¿-Ww-.

C-̄ -c-̄ n-Â- an-\n-Svkv B-cm-Wv F-gp--tX-ïsX ¶pw- F-§--s\bm-Wv F-gp--tXï--sX¶pw- -s^kn-en--tää-À- B-cm-bp-I-bpw- Xm--sg]-d-bp-¶- X-c-¯n-ep-Å- an-\n-Svkv -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯-Â- co-Xn- hn-i-Z-am-¡n-bn-«n--sÃ¦n-Â- A-Xn-\p-Å- bp-àn-bpw- {]m-[m- \y-hpw- Xm--sg]-d-bp-¶- co-Xn-bn-Â- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¡p-I-

9. km-¼-¯n-I- klm-b-§-Ä-A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-\v e-̀ n-̈ - {Km-âv, dn--thmÄ-hnw-Kv ̂ -ïv, F-bvUp-I-Ä- Xp-S-§n-b-h- A-dn-bp-¶p-.

10. -ssa-t{Im kw-cw-`-§-fp--sS c-Pn-kvä-À-A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-Ä- hy-àn-K-X-am--tbm {Kq-¸m--tbm Xp-S-§n-bn-«p-f-f- kw-cw-`-§-fp--sS hn-h-c-§-Ä- A-dn-bm-³- I-gn-bp-¶p-.

11. kw-L-Ir-jn- c-Pn-kvä-À-A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-Ä- hy-àn-K-X-am--tbm {Kq-¸m--tbm Xp-S-§n-bn-«p-f-f- Ir-jn-bp--sS hn-h-c-§-Ä- A-dn-bm-³- I-gn-bp-¶p-.

12. _m-e-k`- c-Pn-kvä-À-A-b-Â-¡q-«- ]-cn-[n-bn--se _m-e-k`mw-K-§-fp--sS hn-h-c-§-Ä- e-`y-am-Ip-¶p-.

13. -sXmgn-ep-d-¸p- ]-²-Xn- Kp-W--t`màm-¡-fp--sS c-Pn-kvä-À-A-b-Â-¡q-«- ]-cn-[n-bn--se -sXmgn-ep-d-̧ p- ]-²-Xn- Kp-W--t`màm-¡-fp--sS hn-h-c-§-Ä- e-`y-am-Ip-¶p-.

14. B-{i-b- Kp-W--t`màm-¡-fp--sS c-Pn-kvä-À-A-b-Â-¡q-«- ]-cn-[n-bn--se B-{i-b- Kp-W--t`màm-¡-fp--sS hn-h-c-§-Ä- e-`y-am-Ip-¶p-.

15. an-\n-Svkvan-\n-Svkn-sâ A-P-ï- F-gp-Xp-¶- hn-[w- H-¶mw- L-«- kv¡q-fn-Â- \-½-Ä- ]-Tn-¨n-cp-¶--tÃm ?

Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ A-P-ï-1. Cu-i-z-c- {]m-À-°-\-/B-ap-J-Km-\w-/kzm-K-X- Km-

\w- (F-Ãm- Aw-K-§-fpw- H-cp-an-̈ v F-gp--t¶äp- \n-¶v Iq«-am-bn- B-e-]n-¡-Ww-)

2. kzm-K-Xw-:- A-b-Â-¡q-«- -tbmKw- -tNcp-¶- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-Kw-/A-Xn--tYb- Aw-Kw-/ ap-³-Iq-«n- \n-Ý-bn-¡--s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶- Aw-Kw-

3. B-ap-J- {]-kw-Kw-/D-]-{I-aw- - A-²y-£-

48

( c-ïm-a-Xm-bn- e-Lp- kw-cw-`- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fp--sS Np-a-X-e-bp-Å- -thmf-ân-b-À- dn--t¸mÀ-«v A-h-X-cn-̧ n-¡-Ww-. (-ssa-t{Im kw-cw-̀ - D-]-kan-Xn- dn--t¸mÀ-«v )

( aq-¶m-a-Xm-bn- dn--t¸mÀ-«v A-h-X-cn-̧ n--t¡ï-Xv B--tcm Ky- hn-Zym-̀ ym-k -thmf-ân-b-À- B-Wv. (kmaq-ln-I- hn-I-k\- D-]-kan-Xn- dn--t¸mÀ-«v)

( \m-em-a-Xm-bn- A-Sn-kvYm-\- ku-I-cy- hn-I-k\--thmf-ân-b-dm-Wv dn--t¸mÀ-«v A-h-X-cn-¸n--t¡ïXv.(A-Sn-kvYm-\- ku-I-cy- hn-I-k\- D-]-kan-Xn- dn--t¸mÀ-«v)

I-gn-bp-¶n-S--t¯mfw- dn--t¸mÀ-«p-I-Ä-, A-Xn-sâ A-h-Xm-c-I-À- hy-à-am-bn- F-gp-Xn- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡-Ww-. Im-c-Ww- dn--t¸mÀ-«p-I--sfÃmw- an-\n-Svkn-sâ `m-K -am-bn- {]--tXyI-am-bn- ^-b-Â- -sNbvXv kq-£n-¡-Ww-. F-¶m-Â- F-gp-Xn- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- ]-I-cw- hm-Nym-bp-Å- A-h-X-c-W-am--sW¦n-Â- A-¯-cw- dn--t¸mÀ-«p-I-fp--sS c-Xv\-Np-cp-¡w- an-\n-Svkn-Â- -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯p-I- X--s¶ -thWw-.

dn--t¸mÀ-«n--t·Â- \-S-¡p-¶- N-À-̈ -bp--tSbpw-, B-h-iy--sa¦n-Â- A-Xn--t·Â- \-S-¡p-¶- hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-§-fp--sS bpw- A-Sn-kvYm-\-̄ n-em-Wv Xo-cp-am-\-§-Ä- F-Sp--t¡Xv. {]-kn-U-âm-Wv -s]mXp- k½-X-{]-Im-c-ap-Å- Xo-cp-am-\w- -tbmK-¯n-Â- {]-Jym-]n--t¡Xv. {]-kn-U-ân-sâ Cu- {]-Jym-]-\-am-Wv an-\n-Svkn-Â- {]--tXyI-am-bn- A-¡-an-«v -tcJ--s¸Sp--t¯ïXv. (-tbmKm-cw-`w- ap-X-Â- A-h-km-\n-¡pw- h--sc F-Sp-¡p-¶- Xo-cp-am--\-§-Ä--s¡Ãmw- {I-a-¯n-Â- \-¼-À- \-Â-I-Ww-)

H-cp- A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-sâ H-cm-gvN--s¯ an-\n-Svkn-sâ am-Xr-I- -t\m¡mw- -tbmK- \-¼-À- : 517-tbmK-kvY-ew- : A-]-À-W-bp--sS h-kXn--tbmK- Xo-b-Xn-: 11/8/2018-tbmK- ka-bw-: 2 ]n-.Fw-

A-P-ï-1. Cu-i-z-c- {]m-À-°-\-/B-ap-J-Km-\w-2. kzm-K-Xw-:- 3. B-ap-J- {]-kw-Kw-/D-]-{I-aw- - A-²y-£-4. dn--t¸mÀ-«v

$ {]-h-À-¯-\- dn--t¸mÀ-«pw- h-c-hv--sNe-hv I-W-¡p-I-fpw- A-h-X-c-Ww- - sk{I-«-dn-

$ h-cp-am-\- Zm-b-I- hm-f-ân-b-À- dn--t¸mÀ-«v $ B--tcmKy- hn-Zym-̀ ym-k thm-f-ân-b-À- dn--t¸mÀ-«v $ A-Sn-kvYm-\- ku-I-cy- thm-f-ân-b-À- dn--t¸mÀ-«v

5. dn--t¸mÀ-«n--t·ep-Å- N-À-̈ -bpw- hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-§-fpw-6. C-X-c- hn-j-b-§-Ä-: N-À-¨-

$ Un-.Un-.bp-.Pn-.-sI-ssh ]-²-Xn- {]-Im-cw- - sXmgn-Â- e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xp- kw-_-Ôn-¨v

$ kn-.Un-.F-kn-Â- {]-Xn-am-k dn--t¸mÀ-«v \-Â-Ip- ¶-Xp- kw-_-Ôn-¨v

$ F-.Un-.F-kv -s]mXp--tbmK- A-dn-bn-¸v kw-_-Ôn-¨v

bpw- -sN¿-Ww-. A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n--se Hm--tcm Aw-K-hpw- an-\n-Svkv F-gp-Xp-¶- co-Xn- h-i-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡-Ww-.

an-\n-Svkv F-gp-Xp-¶- co-Xn-.-tbmKw- B-cw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- ap-¼v an-\n-Svkv _p-¡n-Â- I-gn-ª- -tbmK-¯n-sâ an-\n-Svkv F-gp-Xn- ]q-À-¯n-bm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-sâ Xp-S-À-¨-bm-bn- B-h-iy-am-b- C-Sw- D--sï¦n-Â- B- -t]Pn-Â- X--s¶ an-\n-Svkv F-gp-Xn-̄ p-S-§mw-. C-S-Xp- h-i-̄ v am-À-Pn--t\mSv -tNÀ-¶v B-Zy-am-bn- -tbmK- \-¼-À- F--s¶gp-Xn- \-¼-dn-S-Ww-.- sXm«p- Xm--sgbm-bn- -tbmK- kvY-ew-, A-Xn-\p- Xm--sg -tbmK- Xo-b-Xn- ka-bw- F-¶n-h-bpw- -tcJ--s¸Sp-̄ -Ww-. A-Xn-\p- Xm--sgbm-bn- A-P-ï- A-¡-an-«v F-gp-X-Ww-. A-Xn-\p- Xm--sg lm-P-À- F-¶- io-À-j-I-¯n-\p- Xm--sg -tbmK- kvY-e--t¯bv¡v lm-P-cm-Ip-¶- Hm--tcm Aw-K--s¯ -sImïpw- A-h-c-h-cp--sS -t]-scgp-Xn-̈ v H-̧ p-h-bv]n- ¡-Ww-. \m-en-Â- aq-¶v I-zm-dw- Xn-I-bp-¶- A-h-kc-¯n-Â- -tbmK-am-cw-̀ n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. C-\n-bpw- F-{X-Aw-K-§-fm--tWm ]--s¦Sp--t¡ï-Xv A-h-À-¡m-h-iy-am-b- F-gp-¯v h-cn-I-Ä- hn-«-Xn-\v -tijw- am-À-Pn--t\m Sv -tNÀ-¶v C-S-Xp-h-i-¯m-bn- A-²y-£- F-¶- Ip-dn-¨v A-²y-£-bp--sS -t]cpw- kvYm-\-hpw- -tcJ--s¸Sp-̄ p-I-.Xp-S-À-¶v A-P-ï- A-\p-kcn-̈ p-Å- -tbmK- \-S-]-Sn-I-Ä- B-cw-̀ n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.-tbmK- \-S-]-Sn-I-Ä- B-cw-̀ n-̈ p- I-gn-ªm-Â- an-\n-«vkv F-gp-Xm-\p-Å- Np-a-X-e- A-²y-£- \n-À--t±in-¡p-¶- B-Ä- \n-À-Æ-ln-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. A-Xn-\p- ap-¼p-Å- -tcJ--s¸Sp-̄ -ep-I--sfÃmw- sk{I-«-dn-bp--sS ap-¼v D-̄ -c-hm-Zn-X-z-̄ n-Â- \n-À-h-ln-̈ n-cn--t¡ ïXm-Wv.

km-[m-c-W-bm-bn- A-P-ï-bn-Â- Xo-cp-am-\-§-Ä- F--s¶mcn-\w- \-Â--tIï-Xn-Ã-. ]--s£ an-\n-Svkn-Â-, -ssI-sImÅp-¶- Xo-cp-am-\w- F-´m-bm-epw- A-Xv \-¼-cn-«v F-gp-X-Ww-. Xo-cp-am-\w- F-¶v am-À-Pn--t\mSv -tNÀ-¶v -tcJ--s¸Sp-̄ p-¶-Xn--t\m-sSm¸w- H-cp- {]--tXyI- ]m-c-{Km-̂ m-bn-, -thÀ-Xn-cn-̈ -dn-b-̄ -¡-h-®w- -tcJ--s¸Sp-

-̄Ww-. N-À-̈ -bn-epw- {]-kn-U-ân-sâ A-h-km-\- Xo-À-¸n-epw- D-Å- hm-N-Iw- F-́ p-X--s¶bm-bm-epw- an-\n-Svkv F-gp-Xp-¶- Aw-Kw-, Xo-cp-am-\-̄ n-sâ k -̄ -tNmÀ-¶p--t]mIm-̄ - \n-e-bn-Â-, hy-à-am-bn- -tcJ--s¸Sp-̄ -Ww-. dn--t¸mÀ-«nw-Kn-Â- am-äw- -sImïp- h--t¶m \-½-Ä- ? \n-e-hn--se co-Xn- F-§--s\ N-À-¨- -sN¿p-¶p-

dn--t¸mÀ-«v:- Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«- -tbmK-¯n-Â- (Cu- A-P-ï-bn--t·Â-) 4 X-cw- dn--t¸mÀ-«p-I-Ä- A-h-X-cn-¸n--t¡Xp-ïv.

( H-¶m-a-Xm-bn- sk{I-«-dn-bp--sS -s]mXp- {]-h -À-¯-\- dn- -t¸mÀ-«pw- I-W-¡p-am-Wv A-h-X- cn-¸n-¡p-I-. A--tXm-sSm¸w- X--s¶ sk{I-«-dn- {]--tXyI- Np-a-X-e- h-ln--t¡ï- (e-Lp- k¼m-Zy- hm-bv]m- ]-²-Xn-) {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fp--sS dn--t¸mÀ-«pw- \-Â-I-Ww-.

49

ª-bm-gvN- A--t]£- ka-À-̧ n-̈ n-cp-¶p-. C-¶v F-\n-¡v hm-bv]- In-«p--tam ?

Pq-en- : I-gn-ª-bm-gvN- Rm-³- hoSpw ]-cn-kc-{]--tZi-hpw- ip-Nn-bm-¡n-. c-ïv B-¬-Ip-«n-I-Ä- ¹-kvSp- I-gn-ªv -sXmgn-en-\m-bn- Im-¯p-\n-Â-¡p-¶p-ïv. A-h--sc Un-.Un-.bp-.Pn-.-sI.-ssh ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- D-Ä--s¸Sp-¯m-³- I-gn-bp--tam?

ap-gp-h-³- Aw-K-§-fp--sSbpw- N-À-̈ -I-Ä-¡p- -tijw- A-²y-£- Aw-K-§-fp--sS N-À-̈ -I-Ä-¡p- hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww- \-Â-In-. hn-«p- -t]mb- Im-cy-§-Ä- Iq-«n--t¨À-̄ p--sImïv dn--t¸mÀ-«p-I-Ä- Aw-K-§-Ä- I-¿-Sn-¨v Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨p-. A-b-Â-¡q-«- ]-cn-[n-bn--se H-cp- B-{i-b- Ip-Spw-_-¯n-\v `-£-Ww- kz-bw- ]m-N-Iw- -sNbvXp- I-gn-¡m-\p-f-f- -tijn-bn--sÃ-¶pw- B-b-Xn-\m-Â- B- Ip-Spw-_--s¯ klm-bn-¡-W--sa¶pw- A-]-À-W- {]--tab-am-bn- A-h-X-cn-̧ n-̈ p-. Xp-S-À-¶v Aw-K-§-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- k¼m-Zyw-,hm-bv]m- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv, ]-en-i- F-¶n-h- kzo-I-cn-¨v A-X-Xv c-Pn-kvä-dp-I-fn-epw- ]m-kv _p-¡n-epw- -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯n-. B-́ -cn-I- hm-bv]-¡p-f-f- A--t]£- kzo-I-cn-̈ p-. A-²y-£- C-¶--s¯ -tbmK- Xo-cp-am-\-§-Ä- A-dn-bn-¨p-.

Xo-cp-am-\-§-Ä- 1. A-b-Â-¡q-«- ]-cn-[n-bn-Â- -sXmgn-Â- B-h-iy-ap-

f-f- bp-h-Xo-bp-hm-¡-Ä-¡v Un-.Un-.bp-.Pn-.-sI-ssh ]-²-Xn- {]-Im-cw- -sXmgn-Â- e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-f-f- \-S-]-Sn-I-Ä- -ssI-s¡mf-fm-³- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p-.

2. B-{i-b- Ip-Spw-_-¯n-\v H--tcm Zn-h-kw- Hm--tcm Ip-Spw-_-¯n-Â- \n-¶m-bn- ̀ -£-Ww- F-¯n-¡m-³- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p-.

3. I-gn-ª-bm-gvN- hm-bv]-¡v A--t]£- ka-À-¸n-¨n-cp-¶- A-\p-hn-\v C-¶v -sN¡v \-Â-Im-³- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p-.

4. 50000 cq-]- hm-bv]- \-Â-Ip-¶-Xn-\m-bn- A-¼n-fn- ka-À-¸n-¨- A--t]£- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨p-.

5. C-¶v A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- e-`n-¨- Xp-I- _m-¦n-Â- \n--t£]n-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- A-\p-hn--s\ G-Â]n-̈ p-.

6. A-Sp-¯- -tbmKw- Pq-en-bp--sS h-kXn-bn-Â- -tNcm-³- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p-

C-¶--s¯ k¼m-Zyw- : 1000 A-\p-hn-\v hm-bv]m- -sN¡v \-Â-In-b-Xv : 50000hm-bv]- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv e-`n-¨-Xv : 8500 ]-en-i- e-`n-¨-Xv : 1000am-kh-cn- e-`n-¨-Xv : 100 _m-¦n-Â- \n--t£]n-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn-A-\p-hn--s\ G-Â]n-¨- Xp-I- : 10500 Xp-S-À-¶v -tbmK-¯n-\v Pq-en- Ir-X-Ú-X- A-À-¸n-¨-Xn- -t\m-sSm¸w- A-Sp-¯- -tbmK-¯n-\m-bn- F-Ãm- Aw-K-§--tfbpw- X-sâ h-kXn-bn--te¡v £-Wn-¡p-I-bpw- -sNbvXp-. -tZio-b- Km-\--t¯m-sS -tbmK- \-S-]-Sn-I-Ä- A-h-km-\n-¨p-.

(H-¸v ) ( H-¸v)

an-\n-Svkv F-gp-Xn-b- hy-àn- A-²y-£-

7. {]-iv\-§-fpw- {]--tab-§-fpw- 8. e-Lp- k¼m-Zyw- ({Xn-^väv) -tiJ-cn-¡-Â-9. hm-bv]m- K-Up-, Ip-Sn-Èn-I- F-¶n-h-bp- -sS

kzo-I-c-W-hpw- , hm-bv]m- A--t]£-I-fpw- A-\p-hm-Z-hpw-

10. D-]-kw-lm-cw- - A-²y-£-11. Ir-X-Ú-X-

H-cp- am-Xr-Im- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n--se -tbmK- \-S-]-Sn-I-Ä- \-ap--s¡m¶v {i-²n-¡mw-...Cu-i-z-c- {]m-À-°-\--tbm-sS -tbmK- \-S-]-Sn-I-Ä- B-cw-̀ n-¨p-. {]-kn-U-âv A-]-À-W-bp--sS A-²y-£-X-bn-Â- B-cw-`n-¨- -tbmK-¯n-\v A-¼n-fn- kzm-K-Xw- B-iw-kn-¨p-. B-ap-J- {]-kw-K-¯n-Â- A-²y-£- C-¶--s¯ -tbmK -̄ n-Â- \mw- N-À-̈ - -sN-t¿ï- {]-[m-\- Im-cy-§-Ä- hn-h-cn-̈ p-. Un-.Un-.bp-.Pn-.-sI.-ssh ]-²-Xn- {]-Im-cw- \-½p--sS Ip-«n-I-Ä-¡v -sshZ-Kv²y-]-cn-io-e-\w- \-Â-In- -tPmen-bn--te¡v \n-b-an-¡p-¶p-ïv.A-Xn-\p- Xm-Â¸-cy-ap-f-f- Ip-«n-I-Ä- \-½p--sS A-b-Â-¡q-«- ]-cn-[n-bn-Â- D--tïm F-¶p- N-À-¨- -sN¿-Ww-. I-gn-ª-bm-gvN- Hm--tcm Aw-K-§-fp--sSbpw- h-kXn-bn-Â- ip-Nn-X-z- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- \-S-̄ p-hm-³- Xo-cp-am-\n-̈ n-cp-¶p-h--tÃm. A-Xn-sâ hn-e-bn-cp-̄ -Â- C-¶v \-S-̄ -Ww-. kn-.Un-.F-kn-Â- {]-Xn-am-k dn--t¸mÀ-«v \-Â-Ip-¶-Xv Ir-Xy-am-¡m-³- I-gn-b-Ww-. Cu- h-cp-¶- 15 \v D-¨-¡v 3 a-Wn-¡v F-.Un-.F-kv -s]m Xp--tbmKw- -tNcp-¶-Xm-bn- A-dn-bn-¸v e-`n-¨n-«p-ïv. H-¸w- \-½p--sS A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- i-àn--s¸Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-Ä- B-hn-jv¡-cn-¡m-³- I-gn-b-Ww- F-¶p- Iq-Sn- Hm-À-½n-¸n-¨p- -sImïv A-²y-£- X-sâ B-ap-J- {]-kw-Kw- A-h-km-\n-¸n-¨p-.

sk{I-«-dn- _o-\- I-gn-ª-bm-gvN--s¯ dn--t¸mÀ-«pw- I-W-¡pw- A-h-X-cn-̧ n-̈ p-.A-Xn-\p- -tijw- h-cp-am-\- Zm-b-I- hm-f-ân-b-À- dn--t¸mÀ-«pw- B--tcmKy- hn-Zym-̀ ym-k hm-f-ân-b-À- dn--t¸mÀ-«pw- A-Sn-kvYm-\- ku-I-cy- hm-f-ân-b-À- dn--t¸mÀ-«pw- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨p-. dn--t¸mÀ-«p-I-Ä- an-\n-Svkn-Â- D-f-f-S-¡w- -sNbvXp- -shbv¡-Ww- ( dn--t¸mÀ-«v _p-¡v {]--tXyIw- kq-£n-¡p-I-bp-am-hmw-). A-Xn-\p-. -tijw- ko-a- C-¡-gn-ª-bm-gvN--s¯ ]-{X-§-fn--se {]-[m-\- hm-À-¯-I-Ä- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨p-. Xp-S-À-¶v A-²y-£- Aw-K-§--tfm-tcmcp-̄ --scbm-bn- N-À-̈ -¡v £-Wn-̈ p-.en-Ên- :\-½p--sS -tIc-fw- I-ï- F-ä-hpw- h-en-b- {]-f-b-am-Wv \-ap-¡v A-\p-`-hn--t¡ïn- h-¶-Xv. Zp-cn-Xm- i-zm-k {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fn-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Im-gvN- -sh¨- {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-Ä- A-̀ n-am-\n-¡m-hp-¶-Xp- X--s¶bm-Wv. I-gn-ª-bm-gvN- Rm-³- hoSpw- ]-cn-kc-{]--tZi-hpw- ip-Nn-bm-¡n-. F-sâ ho-Sn-\-Sp-¯p-f-f- c-ïv -s]¬-Ip-«n-I-Ä- Un-{Kn- I-gn-ªv \n-e-hn-Â- -sXmgn-e--t\z jn-¡p-¶p-ïv. A-h--sc Un-.Un-.bp-.Pn-.-sI-ssh ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- D-Ä--s¸Sp-¯-Ww-.

A-¼n-fn-: I-gn-ª-bm-gvN- \-½-Ä- ]-©m-b-¯v Zn-\m--tLmj-¯n-\p- -t]mbn-cp-¶p-. F-¶m-Â- A-Xp- dn--t¸mÀ-«n-Â- hn-«p- -t]mbn-«p-ïv. I-gn-ª-bm-gvN- Rm-³- hoSpw ]-cn-kc-{]--tZi-hpw- ip-Nn-bm-¡n-.

ko-X-: F-.Un-.F-kv -s]mXp--tbmKw- cm-hn--se B-¡n-bn-cp--s¶¦n-Â- \-¶m-bn-cp-¶p-.

A-\p- : B-´-cn-I- hm-bv]-bv¡m-bn- Rm-³- I-gn-

50

\n-Ýn-X- ]-en-i- \n-c-¡m-Wv. A-b-Â-¡q-«- ]-en-i- Aw-K-§-Ä-¡p- X--s¶bm-Wv

e-`n-bv¡p-¶-Xv. kz-Im-cy- ]-en-i- hm-bv]- \-Â-Ip-¶- hy-àn-¡p-f-f-Xm-Wv.

A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\v hm-bv]- -sImSp-¡m-³- I-gn-bp-¶- G-ä-hpw- D-b-À-¶- ]-en-i- \n-c-¡n-em-Wv Cu- A-b-Â-¡q-«w- hm-bv]- -sImSp-¯n-«p-f-f-Xv. Iq-Sm--sX Aw-K-¯n-sâ -tijn- A-\p-kcn-¨m-Wv hm-bv]m- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv \-S-¯n-bn-«p-f-f-Xv. A-Xn-eq--sS D-ïm-b- hy-Xym-kw- C-{X-bp-am--sW¦n-Â- Ip-d-ª- ]-en-i- \n-c-¡pw- Ir-Xy-am-b- K-Up-¡-fp-am--sW¦n-Â- ]-en-i-bp--sS hy-Xym-kw- F-{X--t¯mf-ap-ïm-Ip--sa¶v B--temNn-¨p- -t\m¡q-”.

an-\n-Svkv F-gp-Xp-¶-Xn-sâ {]m-[m-\yw- F-´m-Wv ? ]-c-kv]-cw- N-À-¨- -sNbvXv \n-e-hn-ep-f-f- -t]mcm-bva-I-Ä- F-{]-Im-cw- ]-cn-l-cn-¡m--sa¶v N-À-¨- -sN¿pI-

\-ap-¡p-f-f- Nn-e- kw-i-b-§-fpw- A-Xn-\p-f-f- hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-§-fpw-

1. B-´-cn-I- hm-bv]-bp--sS ]-en-i-bpw- kz-Im-cy-]-W-an-S-]m-Sp-Im-cn-Â- \n-¶p-f-f- hm-bv]-bp--sS ]-en-i-bpw- X-½n-Â- hy-Xym-k-sa-s´¦n-ep-ap--tïm? D-ïv. A-b-Â-¡q-«- ]-en-i- Un-an-\n-jnw-Kv \n-c-¡n-em-Wv. A-Xm-b-Xv ap-X-Â- A-S-¡p-¶-X-\p-kcn-̈ v ]-en-i-bpw- Ip-d-ªp- h-cpw- . F-¶m-Â- kz-Im-cy- ]-en-i-

A-b-Â-¡q-«- hm-bv]-@12% kz-Im-cy- hm-bv]- @12%

Xo-b-Xn- hm-bv]- Xp-I- hm-bv]- Xn-

cn-¨-S-hv - (ap-

X-Â-)

X n - c n -¨ - S -¨ -

]-en-i-

_m-¡n-

Xp-I-

Xo-b-Xn- hm-bv]-

Xp-I-

]-en-i- D-Ä--s¸-

sS Xn-cn-¨-S-¨-

Xp-I-- EMI

] - e n - i -

D-Ä- -s¸-sS

Xn - c n -¨ - S - -

t¡ï- _m-

¡n- Xp-I-

31/1/2016 50000 50000 31/1/2016 50000 62000

31/2/2016 2000 500 48000 31/2/2016 2590 59410

31/3/2016 3000 480 45000 31/3/2016 2590 56820

31/4/2016 2000 450 43000 31/4/2016 2590 54230

31/5/2016 2000 430 41000 31/5/2016 2590 51640

31/6/2016 3000 410 38000 31/6/2016 2590 49050

31/7/2016 2500 380 35500 31/7/2016 2590 46460

31/8/2016 2500 355 33000 31/8/2016 2590 43870

31/9/2016 2000 330 31000 31/9/2016 2590 41280

31/10/2016 2000 310 29000 31/10/2016 2590 38690

31/11/2016 2500 290 27500 31/11/2016 2590 36100

31/12/2016 2000 275 25500 31/12/2016 2590 33510

31/1/2017 1000 255 24500 31/1/2017 2590 30920

31/2/2017 2500 245 22000 31/2/2017 2590 28330

31/3/2017 2000 220 20000 31/3/2017 2590 25740

31/4/2017 2500 200 17500 31/4/2017 2590 23150

31/5/2017 1500 175 16000 31/5/2017 2590 20560

31/6/2017 1000 160 15000 31/6/2017 2590 17970

31/7/2017 2000 150 13000 31/7/2017 2590 15380

31/8/2017 1500 130 11500 31/8/2017 2590 12790

31/9/2017 1500 115 10000 31/9/2017 2590 10200

31/10/2017 2500 100 7500 31/10/2017 2590 7610

31/11/2017 2500 75 5000 31/11/2017 2590 5020

31/12/2017 2500 50 2500 31/12/2017 2590 2430

31/1/2018 2500 25 0 31/1/2018 2430 0

B--sI Xn-cn-¨-S-hv 50000 6110 56110 62000

51

4. B-´-cn-I- hm-bv]-bv¡v ]-en-i- I-W-¡m-¡p-¶--sX§--s\?B-́ -cn-I- hm-bv]-bp--sS ]-en-i- \n-c-¡v Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-¶-Xv A-Xm-Xv A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fm-Wv. F-¶m-Â- C-{]-Im-cw- Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-¶- hm-À-jn-I- ]-en-i- \n-c-¡v 12 i-X-am-\-¯n-Â- A-[n-I-cn-¡m-³- ]m-Sp-f-f-X-Ã-.

5. F-´m-Wv -t{KUnw-Kv?F-´m-Wv -t{KUnw-Kv F-¶v \mw- H-¶mw- L-«- kv¡q-fn-Â- a-\-kn-em-¡n-bn-cp-¶p-. -t{KUnw-Kv ]m-km-I-W--sa¦n-Â- Ir-Xy-am-b- I-W--s¡gp-¯v D-ïm--tb Xo-cq-. F-Ãm- c-Pn-kvä-dp-I-fpw- F-gp-Xn- kq-£n-¨m-Â- am-{X--ta -t{KUnw-Kn-Â- am-À-¡v e-̀ n-¡p-I-bp-f-fq-. A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n--se Ir-Xy-am-b-Xpw- {I-a-am-b-Xp-am-b- I-W--s¡gp-¯v -t{KUnw-Kn-\pw- _m-¦v en--t¦Pn-\pw- A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

6. Hm-Un-änw-Kpw- I-W--s¡gp-̄ pw- X-½n-ep-f-f- _-Ôw-?F-Ãm- c-Pn-kvä-dp-I-fpw- F-gp-Xn- kq-£n-¡p-¶- A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n--t\ Ip-Spw-_-{io- Hm-Un-äv Sow- B-b- Im-Ên-sâ Hm-Un-änw-Kn-\v hn--t[b-am-Im-³- I-gn-bp-I-bp-f-fq-.Im-Êv F-Ãm- h-À-j-hpw- A-b-Â-¡q-«- c-Pn-kvä-dp-I-Ä- ]-cn--tim[n-̈ v I-W-¡p-I-Ä- Ir-Xy-am--sW¶p-d-̧ p- h-cp-̄ n- Hm-Un-äv \-S-¯n- h-cp-¶p-.

Im-Êv - Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-¡-u-ïnw-Kv B-âv Hm-Un-änw-Kv kÀ-ho-kkv skmsskän- (KAASS).

7. Ir-Xy-am-bn- Fw-.sF-.F-kv \-Â-Ip-¶-Xp- -sImïv A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\p-f-f- -t\«-§-Ä-

2. A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- \n-¶pw- {Xn-^väv ]n-³-h-en-¡m--sX A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-Â- X--s¶ \n--t£]n-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶-Xp- -sImïp-f-f- -t\«--sa´m-Wv?A-b-Â-¡q -« - -s¯ an -I -¨ - Nm -e -I -i -àn - bm-bn- am-äp-¶- H-cp- L-S-I-am-Wv {Xn-^väv A-Y-hm- an-X-hy-b- k¼m-Zyw-. b-Ym-ka-b-¯v {Xn-^väv Xp-I- h-À-²n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-eq--sS an-¨w- -shbv¡p-¶-Xn- \pw- k¼m-Zyw- h-À-²n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw-,h-cp-am-\-h-À-²-\-hn-\p-ap-f-f- A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-fp--sS -tijn- hn-I-kn-¸n-¡m-³- I-gn-bp-¶-Xn--t\m-sSm¸w- ho-«p-ap-ä--s¯ _m-¦v F-¶- B-i-bw- km-À-°-I-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- I-gn-bp-¶p- F-¶-Xm-Wv. Iq-Sm--sX {Xn-^väv A-Sn-kvYm-\-am-¡n-bm-Wv Aw-K-¯n-\v B-´-cn-I- hm-bv]- Xp-I-bpw- _m-¦v en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- Xp-I-bpw- \n-Ý-bn-¡p-¶-Xv.

3. B-´-cn-I- hm-bv]m- Im-em-h-[n- \n-Ý-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-f-f- A-[n-Im-cw- B-À-¡v ?B-´-cn-I- hm-bv]m- Im-em-h-[n- \n-Ý-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-f-f- A-[n-Im-cw- A-X-Xv A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\m-Wv. Im-em-h-[n-¡p-f-fn-Â- hm-bv]- A-S-¡p-I- F-¶-Xn-sâ -s]mcp-Ä- Im-em-h-[n- F-¯p--t¼mÄ- Xp-I- H-¶n-¨-S-¡p-I- F-¶-X-Ã-,a-dn-̈ v Im-em-h-[n-¡p-f-fn-Â- Aw-K-̄ n-sâ I-¿n-Â- an-¨w- h-cp-¶- Xp-I- K-Up-¡-fm-bn- A-S-¨v _m-²y-X- Xo-À-¡p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv. C-§--s\ K-Up-¡-fm-bn- A-S-¡p-¶-Xn-eq--sS Iq-Sp-X-Â- Aw-K-§-Ä-¡v hm-bv]- -sImSp-¡m-³- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\p- I-gn-bp-¶p-.

IpSpw-_{io

Fw.sF.Fkv

{Sm³km-£³ t_kvUv Fkv.-F-̈ v.Pn UnPn-ä-Â A¡u-nwKv knÌw

Fw.sF.Fkv \mf-Xo-I-cWw( amt\-Pvsaâv C³^Àta-j³ knÌw)

AbÂ¡q« Xew apXÂ hnhn[ ]²-Xn-IÄ¡mbpÅ {]hÀ¯-\-§-fpsS hym]-\w-, A-h-tem-I-\w, \nco-£Ww F¶nh sN¿p¶Xn\mbn IpSp-_{io D]-bp-à-am-¡n-bn-«p-ff Hm¬sse³ amt\-Pvsaâv knÌ-amWv Fw.-sF.Fkv (amt\-Pvsaâv C³^Àta-j³ knÌw)

{KmaoW kn.-Un.-F-kp-I-fn-se AbÂ¡q« {]hÀ¯\§Ä ( k¼m-Zyw,-hmbv]m hnh-c-§Ä, km¼-̄ nI klm-b-§Ä, ssat{Im s{IUnäv ¹m\p-IÄ) IrXy-ambn FÃm amkhpw tiJ-cn¨v tcJ-s -̧Sp-̄ n-\mbn F³.-BÀ.-FÂ.Fw cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvXn«p-ff Hm¬sse³ knÌ-amWv än.-_n.-Fkv.Un.-F.-Fkv({Sm³km-£³ t_kvUv Fkv.-F-̈ v.Pn UnPn-ä-Â A¡u-nwKv knÌw)

52

5. A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n--se F-Ãm- km-¼-¯n-I- {I-b- hn-{I-b-§-fpw- b-Ym-ka-bw- A-X-Xv c-Pn-kvä-dp-I-fn-Â- -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯n- kq-£n-¡p-I-bpw- h-c-hp- -sNe-hp- I-W-¡p-I-Ä- Aw-K-§--sf -t_m[y--s¸Sp-¯p-I-bpw- -sN¿-Ww-.

6. A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fp--sS {]-Xn-am-k dn--t¸mÀ-«v F-Ãm- am-khpw- Ir-Xy-am-bn- kn-.Un-.F-kn-Â- \-Â-Ip-I-

hn-e-bn-cp-¯-Â- -tNmZy-§-Ä-1. A-b-Â-¡q-«- I-W--s¡gp-¯n-sâbpw- kq-£n-¸n-

sâbpw- {]m-[m-\yw- F-´m-Wv ?2. F-{X-X-cw- c-Pn-kvä-dp-I-fm-Wv A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â-

F-gp-Xn- kq-£n--t¡ï-Xv? A-h- G--sXm-s¡ ?3. c-Pn-kvä-dp-I-Ä- F-gp-Xn- kq-£n-¡-Â- A-b-Â-¡q-

«-¯n-sâ kp-Xm-cy-X-bv¡pw- hn-i-zm-ky-X-bv¡pw- i-àn- ]-I-cp-¶- Po-h- c-à-am-bn- am-dp-¶--sX§--s\?

4. Fw-.sF-.F-kv \m-f-Xo-I-c-W-¯n-sâ {]m-[m- \yw- F-´v?

5. A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-Ä- B-´-cn-I-hm-bv]-bv¡p- \-evIp-¶- ]-en-i-bpw- kz-Im-cy- hm-bv]-bv¡p- \-Â-Ip-¶- ]-en-i-bpw- X-½n-ep-f-f- hy-Xym-kw- hn-e-bn-cp-¯p-I-

Xp-S-À-{]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-1. \-½p--sS A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n--se F-Ãm- c-Pn-kvä-dp-I-

fpw- Ir-Xy-am-bn- F-gp-Xn- kq-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-f-f- \-S-]-Sn-I-Ä- kzo-I-cn-¡p-I-

2. ]-en-i- I-W-¡m-¡p-¶-Xn--se A-]m-I-X- ]-cn-l-cn-¡p-I-

3. Xm--sg -tNÀ-¡p-¶- h-À-¡vjo-äp-]-tbmKn-̈ v \-½p--sS A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ H-cp- am-k-s¯ I-W-¡p-I-Ä- Nn-«--s¸Sp-¯p-I-.

Hm--tcm A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-epw- Hm--tcm am-khpw- \-S-¡p-¶- e-Lp-k¼m-Zy- hm-bv]m- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-, B-´-cn-I- hm-bv]-bp--sSbpw- en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-bp--sSbpw- Xn-cn-̈ -S-hv, am-¨nw-Kv {Km-âv, a-äv ]n-´p-W-I-Ä- F-¶n-h-bp--sS Ir-Xy-am-b- hn-h-c-§-Ä- kn-.Un-.F-kv F-Ãm-am-khpw- 5-mw- Xo-b-Xn-¡p- ap-¼v \m-fn-Xo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v kn-.Un-.F-kn-\p- kw-kvYm-\- an-j-³- \n-À--t±iw- \-Â-In-bn-«p-ïv. C-Xn-\m-bn- F-Ãm- kn-.Un-.F-kp-I-fn-epw- I-¼yq-«-À-, C-â-À--s\äv ku-I-cyw-, \m-fn-Xo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v A-¡-u-ï-ân--s\bpw- B-À-.]--ntb-bpw- Np-a-X-e--s¸Sp-̄ n-bn-«p-ïv.Hm--tcm am-k-t¯bpw- Ir-Xy-am-b- I-W-¡p-I-Ä- {]-kvXp-X- -t^man-Â- -tcJ--s¸Sp-¯n- 5-mw- Xo-b-Xn-¡p-ap-¼v A-b-Â-¡q-«w- kn-.Un-.F-kn-\p- \-Â--tIï-Xm-Wv.A-b-Â-¡q-«w- Ir-Xy-am-bn- Fw-.sF-.F-kv \-Â-Ip-¶-Xn-\v {]--tXyIw- {i-²n--t¡ï-Xm-Wv.Ip-Spw-_-{io- Pn-Ã-, kw-kvYm-\- an-j-\p-I-Ä-¡v A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS {]-h-À-¯-\- an-I-hv ]-cn--tim[n-¡p-¶-Xn- \pw- -tI{µ- kw-kvYm-\- kÀ-¡m-cp-I-Ä- h-gn- e-`y-am-Ip-¶- {Km-âp-I-Ä- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä-¡v e-`y-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\pw- Cu- {]-h-À-¯-\w- D-]-bp-à-am-Ip-¶p- . kw-kvYm-\- -tI{µ- kÀ-¡m-cp-I-Ä- hm-À-jn-I- ]-²-Xn- X-¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- _m-¦v hm-bv]-bp--sS Xn-cn-¨-S-hv -tamWn-ä-À- -sN¿p-¶-Xn-\pw- Fw-.sF-.F-kv A-Sn-kvYm-\-am-¡p-¶p-. B-b-Xn-\m-Â- Cu- {]-h-À-¯-\w- Ir-Xy-am-bn- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fn-Â- \-S-¸n-em--t¡ï-Xp-ïv. H-cp- am-Xr-Im- A-b-Â-¡q-«-am-bn- \-½p--sS A-b-Â-¡q-«w- am-d-W--sa¦n-Â- 1. {]-Xn-hm-c- -tbmK-§-fn-Â- k¼q-À-®- ]-¦m-fn-¯w-

D-d-¸p- h-cp-¯p-I-, -tbmK-§-Ä- kPo-h-am-¡p-I- 2. k¼m-Zy- -tiJ-c-Ww- Ir-Xy-am-¡p-I-3. B-´-cn-I- hm-bv]-bpw- en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-bpw- Im-

cy-£-a-am-¡p-I- 4. hm-bv]- Xn-cn-¨-S-hn-Â- Ir-Xy-X- D-d-¸p- h-cp-¯p-I-

01. Aw-K-X-z- c-Pn-kvä-dn-sâ am-Xr-I-

{I-a-\ -¼-À-

Aw-K-¯n-sâ -t]cv

Aw-K-X-z- \-¼-À-

Aw-K-X-zw- \-Â-In-b- Xo-b-Xn-

hn-`m-Kw- H-¸v

F-.]

n-.F-Â

-

_n-.]

n-.F-Â

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v.kn-

F-k

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1 A-ar-X- 1 11/4/2011 P P

2 A-]-À-W- 3 15/10/2011 P P

53

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-¼-À-

Aw-K

-¯n-s

â -t

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am-k

m-cw-`-¯

n--se

\o-¡

n-bn-c

p-¸v

{]-Xn-hm-c-

k¼m-Zyw-

X-·

m-k-s¯

k¼

m-Zyw

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B--sI

k¼

m-Zyw

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k¼m-Zyw-

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am-k

m-ý-

\o-¡

n-bn-c

p-¸v

1 2 3 4 5

]n-³

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n-¨-

Xp-I

-

Xo-b

-Xn-

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1 Aw-K-X-z- \-¼-À-

2 Aw-K-¯n-sâ -t]cv

3 -taÂ-hn-em-kw- : _-Ô--s¸Sm-hp-¶- -t^m¬- \-¼-À-

B-[m-À- Im-À-Uv \-¼-À-

F -Â - . sF - .k n - \-¼-À-(KSSBY)

4 A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- Aw-K-am-b-Xo-b-Xn-

5 hm-À-Uv \-¼-À- ho-«v \-¼-À-

6 -tdj-³-Im-À-Uv \-¼-À- -sXmgn-Â- Im-À-Uv \-¼-À-

7 Ip-Spw-_mw-K-§-fp--sS F-®w- 4 {]m-b- ]q-À-¯n-bm-b-h-À-

2 Ip-«n-I-Ä- 2

8 hn-`m-Kw- BPL APL SC ST General OBC9 Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ {]-Xn-am-k h-cp-am-\w-

10 A-Sn-kvYm-\- ku-I-cy- e-`y-X-

hm-k-tbmKy-am-b- `-h-\w-

Ip-Sn - -shf-f- - t{kmX-Êv

I-¡q-kv -sshZyp-Xn-

11 Ip-Spw-_mw-K-§-fp--sS hn-h-cw-

{I-a- \-¼-À- -t]cv kv{Xo-/]p- h-b-kv Aw-K-hp

-am-bp-f-f

-_-Ôw-

hn-Zym-̀ ym-

kw-

sXm-gn-Â- h-cp-am-\w- dn-am-À-Ivkv

A-h-Im-in-bp--sS -t]cpw- _-Ô-hpw- hn-em-khpw-

Aw-K-¯n-sâ H-¸v

02. A-b-Â-¡q-«- Aw-K-X-z- ]-{Xn-I- - am-Xr-I-

03 A. km¼¯nI cPnÌÀ - am-Xr-I-

03 B. km¼¯nI cPnÌÀ - am-Xr-I-

am-k

h-cn-

-ss^

³-

ap-³

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m-h-k

m-\w-

Xn-c

n-¨-S-¡

m-\p-f

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Xp-I

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B--sI

hm-b

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hm-bv]m- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv

Xn-cn-¨-S-¡m-\p-

f-f-Xv

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am-k

m-h-k

m-\w- X

n-cn-

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m-\p-f

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p-I

Xo-b

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1 2 3 4 5

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14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

54

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â

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B-h

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m\w-/

D-]

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w-

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Im-e

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n- (a

m-k¯

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p- X

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Aw-K

-¯n-s

â

H-¸

v

Xn-c

n-¨-S-¨

p- X

o-À-

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n-

sk

{I-«-dn-b

p--sS

H-¸

v

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h

m-bv]

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Xo-b-Xn- C-\-hn-h-c-Ww- h-c-hv -sNe-hv \o-¡n-bn-cp-¸v H-¸v

04. hmbv]m cPnÌÀ - am-Xr-I-

05. kamlrX cPnÌÀ - am-Xr-I-

h-À-j

w-

am-k

w-

am-k

m-cw-`

- k

¼m-Z

yw-

X-·

m-kk

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n-¨-k

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e

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v]-

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n-cn-̈

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9


X-·m-k ]-en-i-


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]n-³-h-en-¨- Xp-I-


10 11 12 13 14 15

06 A. {]-Xn-am-k e-Lp- k¼m-Zy- hm-bv]m- kw-£n-]vX- I-W-¡p- hn-h-cw- am-Xr-I-

06 B. {]-Xn-am-k e-Lp- k¼m-Zy- hm-bv]m- kw-£n-]vX- I-W-¡p- hn-h-cw- am-Xr-I-

55

hmbv]m XpI

A\p-h-Zn¨ XobXn

A\p-h-Zn¨ _m¦v, {_m©v

]eni \nc¡v

Xncn-¨-Shv Imem-h[n

{]Xn-amkw _m¦nÂ AS-bvt¡ï XpI

C-\w-]q-À-®-am-bn- I-gn-bp-¶p-



AbÂ¡q-«-̄ nÂ kq£n-t¡ï cPn-Ì-dp-IÄ GsXms¡ F¶p a\-Ên-em¡n

IrXyambn cPn-Ì-dp-IÄ FgpXn kq£n-t¡- -ïXnsâ Bh-iy-IX t_m[y-s¸«p

Hmtcm cPn-Ì-dp-Ifpw Fgp-tXï sX§s\sb¶p a\-Ên-embn

amXrIm AbÂ¡q-«-ambn amdm³ Fs´Ãmw {]hÀ¯\§Ä sN¿W sa¶p a\-kn-em¡n

kz-bw- hn-e-bn-cp-¯-Â- -sN¡v en-kväv

{I-a-\

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X-·m-k ]-en-i-


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10 11 12 13 14 15

XobXn Xncn-¨-S¨ XpI (ap-XÂ)

Xncn-¨-S¨ ]eni

_m¡n AS-bv¡m-\p-

ff XpI

_m¦vckoXv \¼À

sk{I-«-dn-bpsS H¸v

t]cv hm-bv]m- Xp-I-

Xo-b-Xn- Xn-cn-¨-S-hv Im-em-h-[n-

{]-Xn-am-kw- A-S-bv-t¡ï- Xp-I-

]-en-i- \n-c-¡v

{I-a- \-¼-À- Xo-b-Xn- {]-Xn-am-kw- A-S-¨- Xp-I-

A-S-¨- ]-en-i- _m-¡n- Xn-cn-¨-S-¡m-\p-f-f- Xp-I-

e-`n-¨- ]-en-i-k_vkn-Un-

sk{I-«-dn-bp--sS H-¸v

07 B. Xncn-¨-Shv hni-Zmw-i-§Ä

07 A. {]Xn-amk ent¦Pv hmbv] Xncn-¨-Shv hnh-cWw

08 A. _m-¦v en--t¦Pv hm-bv]m- e-UvP-À-

08 B. Xncn-¨-Shv hnh-c-§Ä

56

$ kÀ-¡m-À- kw-hn-[m-\-§--sf -thï- co-Xn-bn-Â- {]--tbmP-\--s¸Sp-¯m-\p-Å- -t_m[yw- Aw-K-§-fn-Â- D-f-hm-¡p-¶p-.

]-Ým-¯-ew- (A-b-Â-¡q-«- -tbmKw-)(-t{]a- I-c-ªp-I-e-§n-b- I-®p-I-Ä- km-cn-¯p-¼p- -sImïv Xp-S-̈ v A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n--te¡v I-b-dn- h-cp-¶p-. A-h-fp--sS -ssI¿n-Â- H-cp- -sNdn-b- -s]mXn- am-{Xw-. -s]mXn- km-cn-¯p-¼n-Â- H-fn-¸n-¨p- -sh¨p--sImïv ]p- ©n-cn-¡m-³- {i-an-¨p-)A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]-kn-U-âv kp-io-e-:- F-´m- -t{]-ta \n-sâ ap-Jw- h-Ãm--sX hm-Sn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv (a-äp-Å- Aw-K-§-Ä- {i-²n-¡p-¶p-)-t{]a-:- H-¶p-an-Ã- -tN¨n-. (C-S-dn-b- i-Ð-¯n-Â-)kp-io-e-:-Ip-d-̈ p- \m-fm-bn- \n-sâ ]-g-b- {]-kcn--s¸m¶p-an-Ã--tÃm? B--tcmSpw- an-ïm--sX h-¶n-cn-¡p-¶p--t]mIp-¶p-. a-äv ]-cn-]m-Sn-bn--sem¶pw- \n--s¶ Im-Wp-¶n-Ã-.(-t{]a- Zq--sc F-hn--sS-tbm I-®pw-\-«v H-ä-bn-cn-̧ v. a-\-Êv A-hn--sS A-Ã- F-¶p- -t_m[y--s¸«- sk{I-«-dn- B-an-\- A-Sp-¯p-Iq-Sn-)B-an-\-:- F-´m- -t{]-ta {]-iv\w-? ]-cn-l-cn-¡m-³- I-gn-bm-¯- {]-iv\w- H-¶pw- C-Ã-. \o- ]-d-bq-…. \n-\--s¡´m-Wv {]-iv\w-, R-§--sfÃm-h-cpw- \n--t¶m-sSm¸w- D-ïv.(\n-À-_-Ôw- Iq-Sn-b--t¸mÄ- -t{]a- hn-d-¡p-¶- Np-ïp-I--tfm-sS hn-Xp-¼n--s¡mïv ]-d-ªp-)-t{]a-:- Rm-\n-¶p- \n-§--sf F-Ãm-h--scbpw- Im-Wm-³- h-¶-Xm-. \m--sf F-\n-¡v H-cn-Sw- h--sc -t]mI-Ww-\n-§--sfÃm-h-cpw- £-an-¡-Ww-(-t{]a-bv¡v k¦-Sw- \n-b-{ń-¡m-³- I-gn-ªn-Ã-)im-c-Z-:- F-´m- h-ïn-¡q-en-¡v Im-in--tÃ? F-hn--sSbm-Wv -t]mIp-¶-Xv, kvY-e-¯n-\p- -t]cn--tÃ? (A-h-Ä- H-¶pw- an-ïm--sXbn-cp-¶p-)(X--s¶ C-h-À- -shdp--sX hn-Sn-Ã- F-¶p- a-\-Ên-em-¡n-b- -t{]a- B-cpw- A-dn-bm--sX H-fn-¸n-¨p- -sh¨n-cp-¶- X-sâ kz-Im-cy- Po-hn-X- hn-j-a-§-Ä- ]-d-bm-³- Xp-S-§n-)-t{]a-:- F-sâ a-\-Ên-\pw-, i-co-c-¯n-\pw- kp-J-an-Ã-. \n-§-Ä-¡-dn-bm-a--tÃm F-sâ `-À-¯m-hv H-cp- a-Zy-]m-\n-bm--sW¶v . C--t¸mÄ- H-cp- \n-Xy--tcmKn-bm-bn- am-dn-. A-kp-Jw- A-Â-¸w- Iq-Sp-X-em-Wv.F-sâ a-I-Ä-¡m--sW¦n-Â- hn-f-À-¨- -tcmK-hpw-.

4A[ymbw

B-ap-Jw-

G--sXmcp- hy-àn-bp--sSbpw- Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâbpw- kvYm-]-\-¯n-sâbpw- ]p--tcmK-Xn-¡v A-Sn-kvYm-\w- Ir-Xy-X-bm-À-¶- km-¼-¯n-Im-kq-{X-W-am-Wv. G-Xv Ip-d-ª- h-cp-am-\-¡m-À-¡pw- Nn-«-bm-b- B-kq-{X-W-¯n-eq--sS Po-hn-X-¯n-Â- A-Ûp-X-§-Ä- kr-ãn-¡m-³- I-gn-bp--sa¶v A-\p-`-h-§-Ä- -sXfn-bn-¨n-«p-ïv. ]-cn-an-X-am-b- h-cp-am-\-¯n-Â- H-Xp-§n- \n-¶p- -sImïv Ir-Xy-am-b- C-S--thf-I-fn-Â- D-ïm-Im-hp-¶- -sNe-hp-I--sf kw-_-Ôn-¨- hy-à-hpw- Ir-Xy-hp-am-b- cq-]w ap-³-Iq-«n- X-¿m-dm-¡m-³- I-gn-ªm-Â- h-c-hv -sNe-hp-I-Ä- k´p-e-\w- -sNbvXv \n-À-̄ m-³- I-gn-bpw-. \-½p--sS \m-«n-³-]p-d-¯p-Å- km-[m-c-W- Ip-Spw-_-§-Ä- C-¶v ò-a-am-b- km-¼-¯n-I- _m-[y-X-bp--sS ]n-Sn-bn-em-Wv. h-c-hv -t\m¡m--sXbp-Å- -sNe-hp-I-Ä-¡m-bn- In-«m-hp-¶n-S-̄ p- \n--s¶Ãmw- I-Sw-hm-§n- ]-Ww- -sNe-hm-¡p-¶- {]-h-W-X- Iq-Sn- Iq-Sn- h-cp-¶p-. C-Xv \-½p--sS Ip-Spw-_--s¯ km-aq-ln-I- km-¼-̄ n-I- A-cm-P-I-X-z-̄ n--te¡v \-bn-¡p-I- X--s¶ -sN¿pw-. ò-a-am-b- km-¼-¯n-I- _m-[y-X- aq-ew- ]-e-cpw- Po-h-³- -tlman--t¡ï- A-h-kvY- -t]mepw- \n-e-\n-Â-¡p-¶p-. Cu- km-l-N-cy-¯n-em-Wv Ir-Xy-am-b- km-¼-¯n-I- B-kq-{X-W-¯n-sâ {]-kàn- \mw- a-\-Ên-em--t¡ï-Xv.

]-T-\- -t\«-§-Ä- $ Nn-«-bm-b- B-kq-{X-W-¯n-eq--sS Ip-Spw-_-¯n-

sâ -sNe-hp- Np-cp-¡m-³- A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§--sf {]m-]vX-cm-¡p-¶p-.

$ H-cp- Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ A-Xym-h-iy- -sNe-hp-I-Ä-, A-\m-h-iy- -sNe-hp-I-Ä-, H-gn-hm--t¡ï- -sNe-hp-I-Ä-, F-¶n-h- X-cw- Xn-cn-¨v a-\-Ên-em-¡m-³- I-gn-bp-¶p-.

$ h-cp-am-\- h-À-²-\-hn-sâ B-h-iy-I-X-bpw-, k¼m-Zy- io-e-¯n-sâ {]--tbmP-\-§-fpw- -t_m[y--s¸ Sp-¶p-.

$ h-c-hn-\-\p-kcn-¨v -sNe-hp-I--sf \n-b-{ń-¡m-³- D-Å- am-À-¤-§-Ä- F--s´m-s¡ F-¶pw-, A-h- A-h-ew-_n-¡p-¶-Xn-sâ co-Xn-bpw- -t_m[y--s¸Sp-¶p-.

$ e-£y-an-Ãm--sX _-lp-hm-bv]- F-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-Â- \n-¶pw- Aw-K-§--sf ]n-ń-cn-¸n-¡m-³- klm-b-I-am-Ip-¶p-

[-\-am--t\Pv-saâv Ip-Spw-_-¯n-epw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-epw

57

[-\-am--t\Pv-saâv Ip-Spw-_-¯n-epw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-epw

(-t{]a-bp--sS Cu- h-À-¯-am-\-¯n-Â- X--s¶ Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ km-¼-¯n-I- kvYn-Xn-bp--sS H-cp- -t\À-Nn-{Xw- D-ïv)B-an-\-:- C-Xv A-{X- \n-Êm-c- Im-cy-a-Ã-. \-ap-¡v -t\m¡mw-

\-¶mbn- ]-Tn-¨p- -sImïn-cp-¶- A-h-Ä-¡v A-\o-an-b- F-¶- -tcmK-am--sW¶p- -tUmÎ-À- ]-d-ªp-.a-cp-¶p- hm-§m-\p-Å- ]-W-¯n-\m-bn- Rm-³- Hm--tcm Zn-h-khpw- hn-j-an-¡p-I-bm-Wv.kp-io-e-:- \o- C--t¸mÄ- -tlm«-en-Â- ]-Wn-¡p- -t]m Ip-¶n--tÃ?-t{]a- :- -t]mIp-¶p-ïv. H-cp- Zn-h-kw- 300 cq-]- In-«pw-. A-Xp--sImïv H-¶n-\pw- Xn-I-bp-¶n-Ã-.]-\n-bpw-N-À-±n-bpw- Iq--sS Iq--sS F-\n-¡pw- h-cm-dp-ïv. H-¶pw- h-I--sh¨n-cp-¶n-Ã- Rm-³- .C--t¸mÄ- Xo--sc h-¿-. B-À-¡pw- F--s¶ klm-bn-¡m-\pw- c-£--s¸Sp-¯m-\pw- I-gn-bn-Ã-.ho-Spw- -tNmÀ--s¶men-̈ p- Xp-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-. C-Ã-…….. Iq-«n-bm-Â- Iq-Sn-Ã-….F-\n-¡p- h-¿-…. A-h-Ä- hm-hn-«p- \n-e-hn-fn-¨p-. (2 an-\n-«p- -t\c--t¯¡v B-À-¡pw- H-¶pw- an-ïm-³- I-gn-ªn-Ã- )kp-Pm-X-:- (-t{]a-bp--sS -ssI¿n-en-cp-¶- -s]mXn-bn--te¡v -t\m¡n-) F-´m- -tN¨n- km-cn-¯p-¼n-Â- H-fn-¸n-¨p- -sh¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv-t{]a-:- (I-®p-I-Ä- Xp-S-¨p- -sImïv) …H-¶p-an-Ã-….F-Ãm-h-cpw- Iq-Sn-:- …-t\m¡--s«… (kp-Pm-X- -s]mXn- _-e-am-bn- ]n-Sn-¨p- hm-§n- Xp-d-¶v -t\m¡n-)kp-Pm-X-:- A--t¿m….C-Xp- am-c-I- hn-j-am-W--tÃm..? F-hn--sS \n-¶m-…?F-ń-\m- C-Xv. (-t{]a- H-¶pw- an-ïn-bn-Ã-)(kp-Pm-X- Ip-¸n-bn--se hn-jw- hm-jv-t_kn-\n--te¡v H-gn-¨p-. Ip-¸n- hr-¯n-bm-¡n- -thkväp- Iq-S-bn-Â- C-«p-)H-cp- \n-an-j--s¯ a-u-\-̄ n-\p- -tijw- sk{I-«-dn- B-an-\- Aw-K-§--tfmSm-bn- ]-d-ªp-.-t{]a--sb \-ap-¡v klm-bn-¡m-³- ]-äp--tam?(F-Ãm-h-cpw- H--tc kz-c-¯n-Â- ]-d-ªp-) ]-äpw-, \-ap-¡v ]-äpw-….(B-an-\- -t{]a-bp--sS A-Sp-¯v h-¶n-cp-¶p- -t{]a- kam-[m-\-am-bn-cn-¡p-, \-ap-¡v h-gn-bp-ïm-¡mw-)B-an-\-:-B-I--s«, -tN¨n-¡v H-cp- am-kw- ho-«p- -sNe-hn-\p- F-{X- cq-]-bm-Ipw-?-t{]a-:- A--sXm¶pw- F-\n-¡-dn-bn-Ã-. Rm-³- {i-²n-¨n-«n-Ã-.B-an-\-:-km-[m-c-W- ho-«n--se -sNe-hv F-§--s\bm-…-t{]a-:- cm-hn--se F-\n-¡v Zq--sc -tPmen-¡v -t]mI-W-a--tÃm, A-Xp--sImïv -tam³- \-½p--sS hm-kp--th«-sâI-S-bn-Â- \n-¶pw- -tZmi--tbm,A-¸--tam hm-§pw-. Iq--sS In-«p-¶- N-½-ń--tbm, km-¼m--tdm Iq-«n- 4 -t]cpw -I-gn-¡pw-. D-¨-bv¡v -tN«-\v C-¯n-cn- ao-³- I-dn-bn-Ãm--sX I-gn-¡m-³- ]-än-Ã-. Zn-h-khpw- 50 cq-]-bp--sS ao-³- hm-§pw-. ]-¨-¡-dn- ap-gp-h-³- I-S-bn-Â- \n-¶p- hm-§pw- -tam³- kv¡q-fn-Â-\n-¶pw- h-cp--t¼mÄ- 4 a-Wn- ]-e-lm-cw- -thWw-. A-Xpw- -sXm«-Sp-¯p-Å- I-S-bn-Â- \n-¶pw- hm-§pw-. cm-{Xn- Nn-e--t¸mÄ- -tNmdp- Im-Wpw-, A--sÃ¦n-Â- I-ªn-Ip-Sn-¡pw-. kp-J-an-Ãm-¯-bm-f--tÃ. \-Ã-cn- hm-§pw-. C-Xn--s\Ãmw- ]p-d--sa -sshZyp-Xn- _n-Â-, kv¡q-Ä- ̂ o-kv, Nn-In-Â-kF-¶n-h- -thWw-. C-Xn--s\Ãmw- Iq-Sn- \--sÃmcp- Xp-I- -sNe-hm-Ipw-.

{I-a-\-¼-À-

C-\w- H-c-hv -sNe-hv

1 -t{]a-bp--sS h-cp-am-\w-

7500

2 -sshZyp-Xn- 500

3 h-kv{Xw- 300

4 Nn-In-Õ 1000

5 bm-{Xm- -sNe-hv 600

6 kv¡q-Ä- ô-kv/Syp-j-³- ô-kv

500

7 hn--t\mZw- 100

8 `-£-Ww- 1000

9 A-cn-/-tKmX-¼v 1000

10 ]-¨-¡-dn- 600

11 ]-g-h-À-¤w- 150

12 ]m-epw- ]m-ep-Â-¸-¶-§-fpw-

500

13 ktk-yX-cw- (ap-«-, C-d-¨n-, a-Õyw-)

1000

14 C-Ô-\w- (hn-d-Iv) 270

15 A-b-Â-¡q-«- k¼m-Zyw-

100

16 A-b-Â-¡q-«- hm-bv]- 1000

17 a-äv A-Xym-h-iy- -sNe-hp-I-Ä-

300

B--sI 7500 8920

h-c-hv -sNe-hv A-[n-I- -sNe-hv

7500 8920 1420

{]-h-À-¯-\w-Hm--tcmcp-̄ -cpw- kz-́ w- Ip-Spw-_-̄ n-sâ h-c-hv -sNe-hv I-W-¡p-I-Ä- X-¿m-dm-¡n- hn-e-bn-cp-¯p-I-

-t{]a-bp--sS Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ H-cp- am-k-s¯ h-c-hv -sNe-hv I-W-¡v

58

$ F--s´m-s¡ -sNe-hp-I-fm-Wv H-cp- am-kw- \-ap-¡v D-Å--sX¶v X-¿m-dm-¡p-I-

$ h-c-hpw- -sNe-hpw- I-gn-ªv \o-¡n-bn-cn-̧ m-bn- \-ap-¡v Xp-I- \o-¡n--sh¡m-³- km-[n-¡p-¶p--sï¦n-Â- \-½p--sS ¹m-\n-Â- h-en-b- am-äw- h-cp--t¯ï- B-h-iy-an-Ã-.

$ F-¶m-Â- h-c-hv Ip-d-hpw- -sNe-hv A-[n-I-hp-am--sW¦n-Â- \-½p--sS ¹m-\n-Â- am-äw- h-cp-¯-Ww-

B-an-\-:- \-½p--sS B-h-iy-§--sf aq-¶m-bn- X-cw-Xn-cn-¡mw-1. D-]--t`mK- B-h-iy-§-Ä- ( DZm: ho-«p- -sNe-hp-I-Ä-)2.A-Sn-kvYm-\- B-h-iy-§-Ä- (DZm: ho-Sv \n-À-½m-Ww-)3. A-Xym-h-iy-§-Ä- (DZm: Nn-In-Õ)

Cu- co-Xn-bn-Â- B-kq-{X-Ww- -sNbvXm-Â- \-ap-¡v H-cp-]m-Sv I-ã-¸m-Sp-I-Ä- C-Ãm--sX Po-hn-Xw- ap--t¶m«v -sImïp--t]mIm-³- km-[n-¡pw-.

k¼m-Zn--t¡ï-Xn-sâ B-h-iy-I-X-kp-c-£n-X-hpw- kvYn-c-h-cp-am-\w- \-Â-Ip-¶-Xp-am-b- \n--t£]-§-fn-eq--sS k¼m-Zy-io-ew- h-f-À-¯p-¶p-. B-h-iy-¯n-\p-X-Ip-¶- H-cp- kp-lr-¯n--s\ -t]m-sebm-Wv k¼m-Zyw-. ap-³-Iq-«n- Im-Wm-³- I-gn-bm-̄ -Xpw- {]-h-N-\m-Xo-X-hp-am-Wv ̀ m-hn-. B-I-kvan-I- kw-̀ -h-§--sf -t\cn-Sp-¶-Xn-\pw-, Ip-«n-I-fp--sS hn-Zym-`ym-kw-, ho-«n--se N-S-§p-I-Ä- Xp-S-§n-b-h-bv-s¡m-s¡ k¼m-Zyw- {]--tbm P-\--s¸Sp-¶p-.

H-cp- cm-Pyw- `-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-epw- {]-bm-kam-Wv Ip-Spw-_-`-c-Ww-. F-¶m-Â- h-c-hv -sNe-hv A-\p-kcn-¨v Ip-Spw-_- _-P-äv X-¿m-dm-¡n-bm-Â- C--sXmcp- _p-²n-ap-«-Ãm-Xm-hpw-. h-c-hv F-{X--sb¶pw- A--sX§--s\ -sNe-hm-¡-W--sa¶pw- A-dn-bm-hp-¶-h-À-¡v H-cp- Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ -sNe-hp- \n-b-{ń-¡mw-. h-c-hn-\-\p-kcn-¨v -sNe-hm-¡m-³- Ip-Spw-_-¯n--se Hm--tcm Aw-K-hpw- ]-Tn-¡-Ww-.

B-h-iy-§-Ä- am-än- h-bv¡--msXbpw- Po-hn-X- \n-e-hm-cw- Ip-d-bv¡m--sXbpw- F-§--s\ k¼m-Zyw- I--sï¯m--sa¶v -t\m¡mw-.

1. -̀£-Ww-- {]m--tZin-I-am-bn- e-̀ n-¡p-¶- hn-̀ -h-§-Ä- D-]--tbmKn-¡p-I-. kz-´-am-bn- D-Â-¸m-Zn-¸n-¡m-³- I-gn-bp-¶- ]-¨-¡-dn-I-Ä- D-Â-¸m-Zn-¸n-¡p-I-.

ho-«n--tebv¡m-h-iy-am-b- km-[-\-§-Ä- C-S-bv¡n--sS hm-§p-¶-Xn-\p- ]-I-cw- H-cp-am-k-t¯¡p-Å- km-[-\-§-Ä- H-cp-an-¨p- hm-§m-³- km-[n-¨m-Â- -sNe-hp- Ip-d-bv¡m-³- km-[n-¡pw- ko-k¬- A-\p-kcn-¨p-f-f- ]-g-§-fpw- ]-¨-¡-dn-I-fpw- -sImïv Pm-ap-I-fpw-, kvI-zm-jp-I-fpw- A-¨m-dp-I-fpw- D-ïm-¡n- kq-£n-¡mw-A-Sp-¡-fbn-bn-Â- H-cp- U-b-dn- kq-£n-¡p-I-, km-[-\-§-Ä- Xo-cp-¶-Xn-\-\p-kcn-¨v A-Xn-Â- Ip-dn-¨n-Sp-I-

B-an-\-:- F-Ãm-h-cpw- -t{]a-bp--sS \n-e-hn--se A-h-kvY- a-\-Ên-em-¡n-b--tÃm. \-ap-¡v F-Ãm-h-À-¡qw- C-Xp-_m-[-I-a--tÃ..?h-c-hn-\-\p-kcn-̈ v -sNe-h-gn-¡m-\pw- I-S-_m-[y-X-bn-Ãm--sX Po-hn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- D-Å- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- \-½-Ä- \-S--t¯ï-X--tÃ….?

Po-hn-X- kvYn-Xn- -tami-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\-\p-kcn-¨v ]-e-X-h-W- I-Sw- hm--t§ïn- h-cp-¶p-. A-Xm-Xv ka-b--s¯ B-h-iy-§-Ä- \n-d--thäm-³-, -thï-hn-[w- B--temN-\-bn-Ãm--sX I-Sw- hm-§p-¶p-. Cu- I-S-§-Ä- Iq-Sn- -tNÀ-¶v h-en-b- I-S-§-fm-bn- am-dp-¶p-. H-¸w- ]-en-i-bpw- Iq--sSbm-Ip--t¼mÄ- I-c- I-b-dm-³- ]-äm-̄ - hn-[w- I-S--s¡Wn-bn--te¡v ho-gp-¶p-. C-Xn--s\ adn--I-S-¡m-³- \-ap-¡v I-gn--tbï-Xp-ïv.Aw-K-§-Ä-:- A--sX§--s\ km-[n-¡pw-…?B-an-\-:- A--sXm-s¡ km-[n-¡pw-. \-½p--sS h-c-hn-\-\p-kcn-̈ v -sNe-h-gn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v H-cp- ]-«n-I- X-¿m-dm-¡-Ww-. A-Xn-\v -sN-t¿ï-Xv…… $ H-cp- am-kw- \-½p--sS Ip-Spw-_-¯n-Â- e-`n-¡p-¶-

h-cp-am-\w- F--s´m-s¡ F-¶v F-gp-Xn- X-¿m-dm-¡p-I-

{I-a- \-¼-À-

C-\w- h-c-hv -sNe-hv

1 Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ h-cp-am-\w-

2 -sshZyp-Xn-

3 h-kv{Xw-

4 Nn-In-Õ

5 bm-{Xm- -sNe-hv

6 kv¡q-Ä- ô-kv

7 hn--t\mZw-

8 `-£-Ww-

9 A-cn-/-tKmX-¼v

10 ]-¨-¡-dn-

11 ]-g-h-À-¤w-

12 ]m-epw- ]m-ep-Â-¸-¶-§-fpw-

13 ktk-yX-cw- (ap-«-, C-d-¨n-, a-Õyw-)

14 C-Ô-\w- (hn-d-Iv)

15 A-b-Â-¡q-«- k¼m-Zyw-

16 A-b-Â-¡q-«- hm-bv]-

17 a-äv A-Xym-h-iy- -sNe-hp-I-Ä-

B--sI

59

$ A-Sp-¡-f--t¯m«w- ]-cn-]m-en-¨v A-Xym-h-iy- ]-¨-¡-dn-I-Ä- I--sï¯w-

$ Hm--tcmcp-̄ -À-¡pw- In-«p-¶- h-cp-am-\-̄ n-Â- \n-¶pw- H-cp- \n-Ýn-X- Xp-I- k¼m-Zy-am-bn- am-än- -sh¨-Xn-\p- -tijw- _m-¡n- Xp-I- -sNe-hn-\p- -thïn- D-]--tbmKn-¡mw-.

$ ...................................................................................

$ .............................................................................

C-§--s\ -sN¿m-³- I-gn-ªm-Â- \-½-Ä-¡v h-c-hn-\-\p-kcn-¨v -sNe-h-gn-¡m-\pw- `m-hn-bn--te¡v -sNdn--sbmcp- Xp-I- k¼m-Zy-am-bn- am-än- -sh¡m-\pw- I-gn-bpw-

\-½p--sS -sNe-hp-I-Ä- Ip-d-bv¡m-³- \-½--sf klm-bn-¡p-¶- Nn-e- ]-²-Xn-I--sf Iq-Sn- \-½-Ä- A-dn-ªn-cn-¡-Ww-. A-Xv F--s´m-s¡mbm--sW¶v \-ap-¡v -t\m¡mw-.

kp-I-\y- kar-²n- $ -t]mkv-tämô-kn-epw- Aw-Ko-Ir-X- _m-¦p-I-fn-

epw- B-cw-`n-¡mw- $ 10 h-b-Êv h--scbp-Å- -s]¬-Ip-«n-I-fp--sS -t]cn-Â-

am-{X--ta B-cw-`n-¡m-³- ]-äp- $ 1000 cq-]- \n--t£]n-¨v B-cw-`n-¡mw-. ]-c-am-h-[n-

1,50,000 cq-]-h--sc $ 14 h-b-Êv {]m-bw- h--sc \n--t£]n-¡-Ww- $ 21 h-b-Êm-bm-Â- Xp-I- ap-gp-h-³- ]n-³-h-en-¡mw-

{]-[m-\-a-{ń- Po-h-³- -tPymXn- ò-am- -tbmP-\- $ hm-À-jn-I- {]o-an-bw- 330 cq-]- $ 2 e-£w- cq-]- h--scbp-Å- C-³-jq-d-³-kv ]-cn-c-£- $ 18 \pw- 50 h-b-Ên-\pw- C-S-bn-Â- {]m-b-ap-Å- _m-¦v

A-¡-u-ïv D-Å- F-Ãm-h-À-¡pw- C-Xn-Â- -tNcmw- $ 55 h-b-Êp- h--sc ]p-Xp-¡-Ww- $ Pq-¬- 1 ap-X-Â- -sabv 31 h--sc Im-em-h-[n- $ F-Ãm-h-À-j-hpw- Pq-¬- 1 \v -t]mfn-kn- ]p-Xp-¡-Ww-

cm-{ão-b- kzm-kvYy- _o-am- -tbmP-\- (RSBY)-tcmKw- ]m-h--s¸«-h-À-¡v H-cp- ò-Xn- am-{X-a-Ã-. A-Xv A-h-cp--sS Ip-Spw-_--s¯ I-S--s¡Wn-bn--te¡v ho-gv¯p-I-bpw- -sN¿p-¶p-. bm--sXmcp- h-cp-am-\- am-À-¤-hpw- C-Ãm--sX Iq-en--the- In-«m--sX, Ip-«n-I-fp--sS hn-Zym-̀ ym-khpw- ap-S-¡n- A-h-cpsS- Nn-In-Õ h--sc H-gn-hm-¡p-¶- A-h-kvY- h-cp-¶p-. H-cp- h-cp-am-\-hp-an-Ãm--sX Nn-In-Õ \-S-¯m-\m-hm--sX I-ã--s¸«v a-c-Ww- h--sc Po-hn-¡p-¶p-. Cu- A-h-kvY- ap-¶n-Â- I-ïp--sImïv -tI{µ--kw-kvYm-\- kÀ-¡m-À- kwbpà ]-²-Xn--sb¶- \n-e-bn-Â- \-S-¸m-¡p-¶- Po-h-³- c-£m- C-³-jq-d-³-kv ]-²-Xn-bm-Wv cm-{ão-b- kzm-kvYy- _o-am- -tbmP-\- (RSBY), H-cp- ho-«n-Â- \n-¶pw- 5 -t]À-¡v C-Xn-sâ B-\p-Iq-eyw- e-`n-¡p-¶p-.

2. s]mXp-hn-X-c-W- kw-hn-[m-\-§-Ä- - (k-ss¹-tIm, am--then- kv-tämÀ-, -tdj-³-I-S-)

\n--tXym]--tbmK- km-[-\-§-Ä- -s]mXp-hn-X-c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-§-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- hm-§p--t¼mÄ- \n-e-hn-ep-Å- am-À-¡-äv hn-e--tb¡m-Ä- Ip-d-ªp- e-`n-¡pw-.

3. B--tcmKyw- - {]m-Y-an-I- B--tcmKy- kvYm-]-\-§-fp--sSbpw-, kÀ-¡m-À- B-ip-]-{Xn-I-fp--sS bpw- tkh-\-§-Ä- ]-c-am-h-[n- D-]--tbmK--s¸Sp-̄ n- Nn-In-Õ -sNe-hv Ip-d-bv¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

4. sshZyp-Xn- _n-Â- -- ho-«n--se km-[m-c-W- _-Ä-_p-I-Ä- am-än- F-Â-.C-.Un- _-Ä-_p-I-Ä- D-]--tbmKn-¡p-I-,

$ B-h-iyw-I-gn-ªm-Â- _-Ä-_p-I-Ä-, ̂ m-³- F-¶n-h- Hm-^v -sN¿p-I-

$ H-cm-gvN-¡p-Å- h-kv{X-§-Ä- H-cp-an-¨v C-kvXn-cn-bn-Sp-I-

$ -thmÄ--t«Pv Ip-d-hp-Å- ka-b-¯v C-e-{În-Iv D-]-I-c-W-§-Ä- {]-h-À-¯n-¸n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-I-

$ C-e-{În-Iv km-[-\-§-Ä- Kp-W--ta·- D-d-¸m-¡n- am-{Xw- hm-§p-I-.

5. -ssa-t{Im kw-cw-`w-- {]m--tZin-I-am-b- hn-`-h-§-fp--sS e-`y-X-bpw-, hn-]-Wn-bpw- \-½p--sS I-gn-hpw- A-Sn-kvYm-\-am-¡n- kw-cw-̀ -§-Ä- -sXc--sªSp-̄ v h-cp-am-\-ap-ïm-¡p-I-

6. -sXmgn-ep-d-¸v ]-²-Xn -- -sXmgn-ep-d-¸v ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- -t]cv c-Pn-kvä-À- -sNbvXv -sXmgn-en-eq--sS h-cp-am-\-ap-ïm-¡p-I-

7. _m-¦v en--t¦Pv - A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-Ä- _m-¦p-am-bn- en-¦v -sNbvXm-Â- ]-W-¯n-sâ B-h-iy-§-Ä- A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-eq--sS \n-d--thäm-³- km-[n-¡p-¶p-.

A-\p -I-c -W-§-fn -eq - -sS B-Uw-_-c -¯n-\p - - thïn- ho-«p-]-I-c-W-§-Ä- hm-§m--sX km-¼-̄ n-I-̄ n- \-\p-kcn-¨p-Å-Xpw-, A-Xym-h-iy-¯n-\p-Å-Xp- am-b- km-[-\-§-Ä- hm-§p-I-

B-I-kvan-I-am-bn- D-ïm-Im-hp-¶- -sNe-hp-I-Ä- Ip-d-bv¡m-\p-Å- kw-hn-[m-\-§-Ä- $ tcmKw-/A-]-I-Sw -: -slÂ-¯v C-³-jq-d-³-kv $ _n-kn-\-kv ]-cm-P-bw :- -tjm¸v C-³-jq-d³-kv $ {]-Ir-Xn- Zp-c-´w -: P-\-d-Â- C-³-jq-d-³-kv $ a-c-Ww- : -sse^v C-³-jq-d-³-kv

Ip-Spw-_- -sNe-hp-I-Ä- F-{]-Im-cw- \n-b-́ n-¡m--sa¶v N-À-¨- -sN¿p-I- $ sshZyp-Xn-bp--sS A-an-X- D-]--tbmKw- \n-b-{ń-¡mw- $ ]m-N-I- hm-X-I-̄ n-sâ D-]--tbmKw- \n-b-{ń-¡mw-

60

hn--tamN-\- {]-h-À-¯-\- cm-ln-Xyw- Ip-ä-I-c-am-Wv.'' B-I-kvan-I-am-bn- D-ïm-Ip-¶- {]-iv\-§-fn-e-Ãm--sX k¼m-Zy- io-e-ap-f-f-h-À-¡v Zm-cn-{Zy-w- D-ïm-Im-\n-S-bn-Ã ""B-än-Â- I-f-ªm-epw- A-f-¶v I-f-b-Ww-'' D-dp-¼v a-g-¡m-e--t¯¡v B-lm-c- km-[-\-§-Ä- -tiJ-cn-¨p- -shbv¡p-¶-Xpw- -tX\o-¨- I-Tn-\-{]-b-Xv\w- -sNbvXv ]q-hp-I-Ä- -tXmdpw- -tXSn- \-S-¶v -tX³- -tiJ-cn-¡p-¶-Xpw- I-ïn-«n--tÃ?

C-hn--sS \-½-Ä- H-cp- Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ h-c-hv -sNe-hv I-W-¡pw- [-\-am--t\Pv-saâp-am-Wv N-À-¨- -sNbvX-Xv. A-§--s\-sb¦n-Â- Ip-Spw-_-¯n-\p-Å-Xp- -t]mse A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\pw- H-cp- [-\-am--t\Pv-saâv ¹m-³- B-h-iy-a--tÃ?

A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ [-\-am--t\Pv-saâv ¹m-\n-Â- F--s´Ãmw- D-Ä--s¸Spw-? (Aw-K-§-Ä- N-À-¨- -sN¿p-¶p-) $ Aw-K-§-fp--sS Ip-Spw-_-̄ n-sâ h-c-hpw- -sNe-hpw- $ `m-hn-bn--tebv¡p-Å- B-h-iy-§-Ä- $ D-]-Po-h-\- B-h-iy-§-Ä- - I-¶p-Im-en- h-f-À-̄ -Â-,

kw-cw-`- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-,Ir-jn- ap-X-em-b-h- $ A-Sn-kvYm-\- ku-I-cy- hn-I-k\- B-h-iy-§-Ä- -

ho-Sv, I-¡q-kv Xp-S-§n-b-h- $ km-aq-ln-Im-h-iy-§-Ä- - hn-Zym-̀ ym-kw-, B--tcmKyw-,

hn-hm-lw-, hn--t\mZw- ap-X-em-b-h- $ ............................................................................

$ ............................................................................................

Cu- ]-d-ª- B-h-iy-§-Ä- \n-À-Æ-ln-¡p-¶-Xn-\v G--sXÃmw- [-\- D-d-hn-S-§--sfbm-Wv \-½-Ä- B-{i-bn-¡p-¶-Xv? (Aw-K-§-Ä- N-À-¨- -sN¿p-¶p-) $ Ir-jn-bn-Â- \n-¶p-Å- h-cp-am-\w- $ I-¶p-Im-en- h-f-À-¯-en-Â- \n-¶p-Å- h-cp-am-\w- $ kz-bw--sXmgn-en-Â- \n-¶p-Å- h-cp-am-\w- $ ............................................................................................. $ ............................................................................................

-t{]a-bp--sS A-\p-`-h-¯n-Â- \n-¶pw- \-½-Ä- \-½p--sS Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ h-c-hv -sNe-hv I-W-¡v ]-cn--tim[n-¨n-cp-¶p-. ]-e-À-¡pw- h-c-hpw- -sNe-hpw- H-¯p--t]m Ip-¶n-Ãm--sb¶v a-\-Ên-em-bn-. A-§--s\-sb¦n-Â- C-¡m-cy-¯n-Â- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\p- -s]mXp-hm-bn- F-´p- -sN¿m-³- I-gn-bpw-? (Aw-K-§-Ä- N-À-¨- -sN¿p-¶p-) $ Hm--tcm Ip-Spw-_-̄ n-sâbpw- h-c-hv -sNe-hv I-W-¡m-

¡n-b-Xp- -t]m-se B-h-iy-§-fpw- Xn-«--s¸Sp-¯-Ww- $ Ir-jn- -sN¿-Ww- $ I-¶p-Im-en- h-f-À-¯-Â- B-cw-`n-¡-Ww- $ kw-cw-`- {]-h-À-¯-\w- Xp-S-§-Ww- $ kÀ-¡m-À- kvY-]-\-§-fn-Â- \n-¶p-ap-Å- tkh-\-

§-Ä- ]-c-am-h-[n- D-]--tbmK--s¸Sp-¯-Ww-.

$ ............................................................................................

$ ............................................................................................Cu- N-À-¨-bn-Â- \n-¶pw- H-cp- Im-cyw- \-½-Ä-¡v a-\-

B--tcmKy- In-c-Ww-]-Xn--s\«p-h-b-Ên-Â- Xm--sgbp-Å- Ip-«n-I-fp--sS ka-{K- B--tcmKy- kw-c-£-W-̄ n-\p-Å- tkh-\-§-Ä- H-cp- Ip-S-¡o-gn-Â- D-d-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶- ]-²-Xn-. F- ]n- Â-, _n- ]n- F-Â- hy-Xym-kan-Ãm--sX F-Ãm-h--scbpw- Cu- ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- D-Ä--s¸Sp-¯n-bn-«p-ïv.

C-h- Iq-Sm--sX \n-c-h-[n- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä- \-½p--sS kw-Øm\-¯v \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶p-ïv. C-h--tbm-tcm¶pw- a-\-Ên-em-¡n- B-\p-Iq-ey-§-Ä- -t\Sn--sbSp-¡m-³- {i-an-¨m-Â- \-½p--sS Po-hn-X- `m-cw- H-cp- ]-cn-[n-h--sc Ip-d-bv¡m-³- I-gn-bpw-.

-sXmgn-Â- h-Ip-¸v, km-aq-ly- kp-c-£m- an-j-³-, km-aq-ly- \o-Xn- h-Ip-¸v, `-£y- -s]mXp- hn-X-c-W- h-Ip-¸v, \yq-\- ]-£- h-Ip-¸v, ]-«n-I- Pm-Xn- ]-«n-I- h-À-¤- h-Ip-¸v, hn-hn-[- -tImÀ-¸--tdj-\p-I-Ä- Xp-S-§n- \n-c-h-[n- h-Ip-¸p-I-fpw- G-P-³-kn-I-fpw- -t£a- ]-cn-]m -Sn-I-Ä- \-S-¸n-em-¡n- h-cp-¶p-ïv. -tIc-f- kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ Io-gn-ep-Å- C-³-^-À--taj-³- - ]-»n-¡v dn--tej-³-kv h-Ip-¸v C-h--sbÃmw- -t{ImUo-I-cn-¨v ]p-kvX-I-am-bn- {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¨n-«p-ïv. h-Ip-¸n-sâ -sh_vsskän-Â- C-Xn-sâ -tIm¸n- e-`y-am-Wv.

N-À-¨m- Ip-dn-¸vkÀ-¡m-cn-sâ hn-hn-[- ]-än-I--sf ]-än- A-dn-bm-³- F--s´Ãmw- -sN¿m-³- I-gn-bpw-? $ hn-hn-[- Hm-ô-kp-I-Ä- kµ-À-in-¡mw- $ hn-Z-Kv[-cm-b- hy-àn-I--sf A-b-Â-¡q-«- -tbmK-̄ n-

-te¡v £-Wn-¡mw- $ .........................................................................................

$ .............................................................................................

sk{I-«-dn- B-an-\-bp--sS hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww- F-Ãm- Aw-K-§-Ä-¡pw- {]--tNmZ-\-am-bn-. H-cp- km-¼-¯n-I- B-kq-{X-W-hpw- C-Xp-h--scbpw- B-cpw- X-¿m-dm-¡n-bn-cp-¶n-Ã-. F-Ãm-h-cpw- C-\n- ap-X-Â- A-h-c-h-cp--sS Ip-Spw-_- _-P-äv Hm--tcm am-khpw- X-¿m-dm-¡m-³- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p-.

-t{]a-bp--sS {]-iv\-§-Ä- ]-cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- -thïn- kz-bw- -sXmgn-Â- kw-cw-`-am-bn- B-Sv h-f-À-¯-Â- bq-Wn-äpw-, ap-«--t¡mgn- h-f-À-¯-Â- bq-Wn-äpw- Xp-S-§p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- A-b-Â-¡q-«w- h-gn- \-S-¸n-em-¡m-³- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p-.

]-Xn-hn-epw- k-t´mj-¯n-Â- A-b-Â-¡q-«- -tbmKw- I-gn-ªv -t{]a- X-sâ ho-«n-Â- F-¯n-. A-b-Â-¡q-«- sk{I-«-dn- ]-d-ª- Im-cy-§-Ä- X-sâ `-À-¯m-hp-am-bn- N-À-¨- -sNbvXp-. h-c-hv A-\p-kcn-¨v -sNe-hm--t¡ï-Xn-sâ B-h-iy-I-X- ]-d-ªv a-\-Ên-em-¡n-. Iq-Sm--sX A-\m-h-iy- -sNe-hp-I-Ä- H-gn-hm-¡m-³- Xo-cp-am-\--saSp-¡p-I-bpw- -sNbvXp-.

]m-h--s¸«-h-À- F-¶pw- ]m-h--s¸«-h-cm-bn- X-e-ap-d-I-fm-bn- Zm-cn-{Zyw- -ssIam-dp-¶p-. ]m-h--s¸«-h-\v k¼m-Zn-¡m-³- I-gn-bn-Ã- F-¶- [m-c-W- Xn-cp--t¯ï-Xp-ïv. ""Zm-cn-{Zyw- Z-cn-{Z-sâ Ip-ä-a-Ã- , F-¶m-Â- Zm-cn-{Zy-

61

$ B-cw-̀ n-bv¡p-¶- kw-cw-̀ -̄ n-Â- \n-¶pw-/D-]-Po-h-\- {]-h-À-̄ -\-̄ n-Â- \n-¶pw- e-̀ n-¡m-\n-S-bp-Å- h-cp-am-\w- I-W-¡m-¡p-¶p-.

$ B--sI B-h-iy-am-b- hm-bv]m- Xp-I- F-{X--sb¶v I-ïp-]n-Sn-bv¡p-¶p-

$ Xn-cn-̈ -S-hv K-Up-¡-fp--sS F-®w- I-W-¡m-¡p-¶p-. $ {]-Xn-am-k Xn-cn-̈ -S-hv K-Up- F-{X--sb¶v I-ïp-]n-

Sn-bv¡p-¶p-.

ap-I-fn-Â- -sImSp-¯n-cn-bv¡p-¶- Im-cy-§-Ä- I--sï¯n-bm-Â- A-\p-_-Ôw- H-¶m-bn- -sImSp-¯n- «p-Å- -t^mdw- ]q-cn-¸n-bv¡p-¶p-. ]q-cn-¸n-¨- -t^mdw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-[ym-]-I-³- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- \n-¶pw- -tiJ-cn-¨v F- Un- F-kv `m-c-hm-ln-I--sf/kn- Un- F-kv Hm-ô-kn-Â- G-Â-¸n-¡Ww-.

hnebncp-¯Â tNmZy§Ä1. IpSpw_ _Päv X¿mdmt¡ Xnsâ {]m[m\yw

F´mWv?2. kq-£va-X-e- hm-bv]m- \n--t£]- B-kq-{X-W--

¯nsâ hnhn[ L«§Ä

Xp-S-À- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-1. -sNe-hp- Np-cp-¡-Â-/ h-cp-am-\- h-À-²-\-hn-\m-bn-

A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\v G--säSp-¡m-hp-¶- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-

$ ap-«--t¡mgn- h-f-À-¯-Â- $ B-Sp- h-f-À-¯-Â- $ ]-¨-¡-dn- Ir-jn- $ ]-e-lm-c- \n-À-½m-Ww- $ tkm¸v \n-À-½m-Ww- $ `--t£ymev]-¶-§-fp--sS hn-]-W-\w-

(H-cp- hm-À-Un-Â- H-cp- -tjm¸v) $ ..........................................................................................

$ .................................................................................................

2. ent¦Pv hmbv]bpsS D]tbmKw F§s\ sa¨s¸Sp¯mw F¶v NÀ¨ sN¿pI

3. _m¦v DtZymKØsc / _m¦nwKv dntkmgvkv t]gv ks\ ]s¦Sp¸n¨v [\ amt\Pvsaâns\]än AbÂIq«¯nÂ NÀ¨ \S¯pI

Ên-em-bn-. A-[n-I- h-cp-am-\- h-À-²-\-hn-eq--sS am{Xta \-½p--sS Ip-Spw-_-̄ n-sâ {]-iv\-§-Ä- ]-cn-l-cn-¡m-³- I-gn-bq-. A-Xp--t]m-se A-b-Â-¡q-«- k¼m-Zy-hpw- en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-bp--saÃmw- Ip--sd¡q-Sn- _p-²n-]-c-am-bn- D-]--tbmKn--t¡ï-Xn-sâ B-h-iy-hpw- -t_m[y-am-b--tÃm? A-b-Â-¡q-«-X-e- (kq-£va-X-e-) hm-bv]m -\n--t£]- B-kq-{X-W-̄ n-eq--sS \-ap¡v ap-I-fn-Â- N-À-¨- -sNbvX- Im-cy-§-Ä-¡v H-cp- ]-cn-[n-h--sc ]-cn-lm-cw- Im-Wm-³- I-gn-bpw-.

kq-£va-X-e- hm-bv]m- \n--t£]- B-kq-{X-Ww- (Micro Credit Investment Planning)

kq-£va-X-e- hm-bv]m- \n--t£]- B-kq-{X-W-¯n-sâ B-h-iy-I-X- Np-h--sS -tNÀ-¡p-¶p-. $ -sNe-hn-\-\p-kcn-¨v hm-bv]m-h-iy-§--sf ap-³-¡q-

«n- I-W-¡m-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- klm-bn-¡p-¶p-. $ h-cp-am-\-Zm-b-I- {]-h-À-¯-\-¯n-\p- {]m-[m-\yw-

-sImSp-¡p-¶p-. $ A-b-Â-¡q-«- k¼m-Zy-hpw- en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-bpw-

{]--tbmP-\-I-c-am-bn- Nn-e-h-gn-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\p- I-gn-bp-¶p-.

$ en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-bp--sS {]m-[m-\yw- -t_m[y--s¸Sp-¶p-.

$ ..................................................................................

$ .............................................................................................

kq-£va-X-e- hm-bv]m- \n--t£]- B-kq-{X-W--tcJ- F-{]-Im-cw- X-¿m-dm-¡mw-. $ Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ hmÀjnI h-cp-am-\-hpw- -sNe-

hpw- I-W-¡m-¡p-¶p- (Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ B--sI h-cp-am-\-am-Wv Im--tWï-Xv)(-t{]a-bp--sS A-\p-`-h-¯n-sâ -shfn-¨-¯n-Â- Ip-Spw-_- _-P-äv X-¿m-dm-¡n-bn-«p-ïv)

$ Xp-S-À-¶v Hm--tcm Aw-K-¯n-\pw- h-cp-am-\-Zm-b-I- {]-h-À¯-\w- B-cw-`n-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\m-h-iy-am-b- -sNe-hv F-{X--sb¶v I-W-¡m-¡p-¶p-.

$ Cu- B-h-iy-̄ n--tebv¡v Aw-K-§-Ä-¡v \n--t£]n- ¡m-hp-¶- hn-ln-Xw- F-{X--sb¶v I-W-¡m-¡p-¶p-.

$ hm-bv]-bn-eq--sS I--sï¯m-hp-¶- Xp-I- I-ïp-]n- Sn-bv¡p-¶p-.

C-\w- ]q-À-®-am-bn- I-gn-bp-¶p-



Nn-«-bm-b- B-kq-{X-W-¯n-eq--sS Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ -sNe-hp- Np-cp-¡m-³- A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§--sf {]m-]vX-cm-¡p-¶p-.

h-cp-am-\- h-À-²-\-hn-sâ B-h-iy-I-X-bpw-, k¼m-Zy- io-e-̄ n-sâ {]--tbmP-\-§-fpw- -t_m[y--s¸Sp-¶p-

kÀ-¡m-À- kw-hn-[m-\-§--sf -thï- co-Xn-bn-Â- {]--tbm P-\--s¸Sp-¯m-\p-Å- -t_m[yw- Aw-K-§-fn-Â- D-f-hm-¡p-¶p-.

H-cp- Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ A-Xym-h-iy- -sNe-hp-I-Ä-, A-\m-h-iy- -sNe-hp-I-Ä-, H-gn-hm--t¡ï- -sNe-hp-I-Ä-, F-¶n-h- X-cw- Xn-cn-¨v a-\-Ên-em-¡m-³- I-gn-bp-¶p-


62

H-cp- Ip-Spw-_w-. kz-́ -am-bn- 10 skâv ̀ q-an-bpw- A-Xn-Â- -sNdn-b- H-cp- ho-Spw-. `-À-¯m-hn-\v Ir-jn-]-Wn-bm-Wv. aq-¯-a-I-³- A-Pn-¯v ¹-kvSp- I-gn-ªv Hm--t«m -sam-ss_Â- F-³-Pn-\o-b-dnw-Kv I-gn-ªp- \n-Â-¡p-¶p-. kvYn-cw- -tPmen-bpw- h-cp-am-\-hpw- H-¶pw- B-bn-«n-Ã-. a-I-Ä- Ko-Xp- ¹-kvSp- I-gn-ªp-. Xp-S-À-¶v ]-Tn-¸n-¡m-³- am-À-¤w- C-Ãm-̄ -Xn-\m-Â- ho-«n-Â- \n-Â-¡p-¶p-. C-f-b-a-I-Ä- a-RvPp- C--t¸mÄ- ¹-kv h-¬- hn-Zym-À-°n-\n-bm-Wv. A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- \n-¶pw- en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-bm-bn- In-«n-b- 25000 cq-]- -sImïv H-cp- ]-ip-hn--s\ hm-§n-. A-Xn-sâ ]m-Â- hn-äp- In-«p-¶- ]-Ww- am-{X-am-Wv {]-[m-\- h-cp-am-\w-. Cu- h-cp-am-\w- -sImïv Po-hn-X-¯n-sâ c-ï-ä-hpw- Iq-«n-ap-«n-¡m-³- I-gn-bm--sX h-cp--t¼mÄ- ko-\- ]-e--t¸mgpw- hn-[n--sb ]-gn-¡m-dp-ïv. F-{X- \m-Ä- C-§--s\ ap--t¶m«v -t]mIm-³- I-gn-bp--sa¶-dn-bn-Ã-. \m--sf-sb¡p-dn--t¨mÀ-¡p--t¼mÄ- ko-\-bp--sS D-Ån-Â- `-b-am-Wv.

ko-\-bp--sS Po-hn-Xw- \-½p--sS Po-hn-Xw- X--s¶b--tÃ. \-½p--sS h-cp-am-\-am-À-¤-§-fpw- Po-hn-X-km-l-N-cy-§-fpw- F-§--s\bm--sW¶v \-ap-¡v -t\m¡mw-.

N-À-¨m- kq-N-I-§-Ä- $ \n-§-fp--sS A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- kz-´-am-bn- h-cp-

am-\w- D-Å- F-{X--t]À- D-ïv? $ \-½p--sS ho-Sp-I-fn-Â- kÀ-¡m-À- -tPmen-/hn--tZi-

-tPmen- In-«m-³- km-[y-X-bp-Å- F-{X- -t]À- D-ïv ? $ \n-§-fp--sS \n-e-hn-ep-Å- Po-hn-X-am-À-¤w- F-́ m-Wv? $ \n-e-hn-ep-Å- Po-hn-X- am-À-¤w- -sa¨--s¸Sp-¯m-³-

B-{K-l-ap--tïm? F-§s\?

Po-hn-X- am-À-¤w- -sa¨--s¸Sp-¯m-³- D-]-Po-h-\-am-bn- I--sï¯n-b- -sXmgn-en--s\ kw-cw-̀ -am-¡n- am--täï-Xp-ïv. A-§--s\-sb¦n-Â- kw-cw-`w- F-´m--sW¶pw- kw-cw-`-I-\v F--s´m-s¡ Kp-W-§-Ä- D-ïm-I-W--sa¶pw- \-½-Ä- a-\-Ên-em-¡-Ww-.F-´m-Wv kw-cw-`w-?A-kw-kvIr-X- h-kvXp-¡-fpw- a-äp- D-Xv]m-Z-\- L-S-I-

B-ap-Jw-

A-[n-I- h-cp-am-\w- -t\Sp-¶-Xn-eq--sS Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ -tIh-e- Zm-cn-{Zyw- C-Ãm-bva- -sN¿p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS H-cp- {]-[m-\- e-£yw-. a-äp- Zm-cn-{Zy- \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\- ]-²-Xn-I-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- hy-Xy-kvX-am-bn- kv{Xo-I-Ä- Aw-K-§-fm-b- kq-£va- kw-cw-`-§-Ä- kvYm-]n-¨v A-h-cp--sS h-cp-am-\- h-À-²-\-hv D-d-̧ m-¡p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS {]-h-À-̄ -\- X-{´w-. -sXmgn-Â- A--t\z j-I-cp--sS kvYm-\-¯v Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§--sf kw-cw-̀ -I-cm-¡p-I- F-¶- hn-¹-h-I-c-am-b- {]-h-À-̄ -\-am-Wv I-gn-ª- C-cp-]-Xp- h-À-j-am-bn- Ip-Spw-_-{io- \-S-¯n--sImïn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. C-Xn-sâ ^-e-am-bn- G-I--tZiw- 40,000 -t¯mfw- kw-cw-`- {Kq-¸p-I-Ä- Ip-Spw-_-{io- [-\-klm-b--t¯m-sS B-cw-`n-¡p-hm-³- I-gn-ªp-. B-bn-c-¡-W-¡n-\v kw-cw-`- {]-h-¯-\-§-Ä- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fp--sS -t\Xr-X-z-¯n-Â- A-\-u-]-Nm-cn-I-am-bn- \-S-¶p- h-cp-¶p-ïv. C-{]-Im-cw- \-S-¡p-¶- F-Ãm- kw-cw-`- {]-h-À-¯-\-§--tfbpw- {I-a--s¸Sp-¯p-¶-Xn- \pw- A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-fn-Â- kw-cw-`-I-X-z- A-`n-cp-Nn- h-f-À-¯p-¶-Xn-\p-am-Wv Cu- ]m-T- `m-Kw- e-£yw- -shbv¡p-¶-Xv.

h-ep-Xm-I-W--sa¦n-Â- h-ep-Xm-bn- Nn-ń-¡-Ww-

]-T-\- -t\«-§-Ä- $ D-]-Po-h-\-̄ n-Â- \n-¶pw- kw-cw-̀ -̄ n--te¡v \-bn-

¡p-hm-³- kv{Xo-I--sf {]m-]vX-cm-¡p-¶p- $ ap-X-em-fn-bpw- -sXmgn-em-fn-bpw- H-cm-Ä- X--s¶bm--

sW¶v -t_m[y--s¸Sp-¶p-. $ A-̀ n-cp-Nn-¡-\p-kcn-̈ v kw-cw-̀ w- -sXc--sªSp-¡m-

\p-Å- A-h-kcw- kw-Pm-X-am-Ip-¶p-. $ km-¼-¯n-I- kz-bw- ]-cym-]vX-X-bn--te¡v \-bn-

¡p-¶p- $ h-cp-am-\w- e-£y-am-¡n- {]-h-À-¯n-¡m-³- I-gn-

bp-¶p-.

h-À-®w- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n--se 45 h-b-Êp-Å- H-cp- ho-«-½-bm-Wv ko-\-. `-À-¯m-hpw- 3 a-¡-fpw- A-S-§p-¶-

D]-Po-h\ hnI-k\w ssat{Im kwcw-`-§fneq-sS.5

A[ymbw

63

D]-Po-h\ hnI-k\w ssat{Im kwcw-`-§fneq-sS.

kw-cw-`-§--sf F-§--s\ I--sï¯p-¶p- ?-ssa-t{Im kw-cw-`-§-Ä- I--sï¯p-¶-Xn-\v Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-\p-h-À-̄ n-¡p-¶- kao-]-\-§-Ä- F--s´m¡-bm--sW¶v \-ap-¡v -t\m¡mw-.

F-) {]-iv\m-[n-jvTn-X- kao-]-\w-C-¶v \-½p--sS kaq-l-¯n-Â- \n-e-\n-Â-¡p-¶- km-aq-ly- km-¼-̄ n-I- {]-iv\-§-Ä- H-cp- ]-cn-[n-h--sc-sb¦n-epw- ]p-Xn-b- -sXmgn-Â- kw-cw-̀ -§-Ä- I--sï¯p-¶-Xn-\v klm-b-I-c-am-Ipw-. H-cp- {]-iv\-̄ n-Â- \n-¶pw- D-cp-̄ n-cn-ªp- h-cp-¶- km-[y-X--sb H-cp- -sXmgn-Â- kw-cw-̀ -am-¡n- am-äp-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv H-cp- kao-]-\w-. D-Zm-l-c-Ww-. l-cn-X-I-À-½- tk\-.

kaq-l-¯n-Â- \n-e-\n-Â-¡p-¶- h-f--sc {]-[m-\--s¸«- am-en-\y- kw-kv¡-c-Ww-/¹m-kvän-¡v \n-À-½m-À-Ö-\w- F-¶o- {]-iv\-§-Ä-¡p- ]-cn-lm-cw- Im-Wm-³- l-cn-X- -tIc-f- an-j-sâ klm-b--t¯m-sS Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§--sf D-Ä--s¸Sp-¯n- cq-]o- I-cn-¨XmWvv l-cn-X-I-À-½-tk\-. `m-hn-bn-Â- l-cn-X-I-À-½-tk\-bp--sS {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-¡-\p-kcn-¨v \q-X-\-kw-cw-`- {Kq-¸p-I-fm-bn- am-dp-I-bpw,- {]-iv\-]-cn-lm-c--t¯m-sSm¸w- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§-Ä-¡v an-I-¨- h-cp-am-\- am-À-¤-hp-am-bn- am-dpw-.

_n-) kaq-l-¯n--se hn-hn-[- Z-u-À-e-`y-§-Ä- ]-cn-l-cn-¡-Â- kao-]-\w- (Gap filling)kw-kvYm-\--s¯ hn-hn-[- -sXmgn-Â- tkh-\- -taJ-e-I-fn-Â- [m-cm-fw- -sXmgn-Â- kw-cw-`-§-Ä-¡v km-[y-X-bp-ïv. Cu- km-[y-X-I-Ä- I--sï¯n- ]p-Xn-b- -sXmgn-Â- kw-cw-`-§-Ä- B-cw-`n-¡p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-\p-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶- a--sämcp- kao-]-\w-.D-Zm-l-c-Ww-: h-\n-X- -takvXnc-n (I-¬-kv{S-£-³- bq-Wn-äv)

kn-) \q-X-\- kw-cw-`w-B-[p-\n-I-h-Â-¡-c-W-̄ n-sâ ̀ m-K-am-bn- ]p-Xn-b- -sXm gn-Â- -taJ-e-I-Ä- C-¶v kaq-l-̄ n-Â- kr-ãn-¡-̧ -Sp-¶p-ïv. am-dp-¶- -temI- {I-a-¯n-\p- A-\p-kr-X-am-bn- ]p- Xn-b- -sXmgn-Â- -taJ-e-I-fn--te¡v Np-h-Sp-d-̧ n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v A-h-kcw- e-`y-am--t¡ï-Xp-ïv. D-Zm-l-c-Ww-. Ip-Spw-_-{io- am-{Sn--tamWn-b-Â-

hn-hm-l-̄ -«n-̧ n-sâ -t]cn-Â- H-cp- ]-{X-̄ n-Â- h-¶- hm-À-̄ -bneqsS bmWv kn-Ôp- _m-e-³- F-¶- kn-.Un-. F-kv -sNb-À--t]gvk-³ am-{Sn--tamWn-b-Â- cw-K--t¯¡v I-S-¶p- h-¶-Xv. kaq-l-̄ n-Â- \n-e-\n-Â-¡p-¶-, kv{Xo-I-Ä- -t\cn-Sp-¶- A-Xn-{I-a-§--sf X-S-bp-I- F-¶-Xn--s\m ¸w- H-cp- \q-X-\-kw-cw-`- -taJ-e-bn--te¡v Ip-Spw-_-{io- Np-h-Sv h-bv]v \-S-¯p-¶p-. Ip-Spw-_-{io- am-{Sn--tamWn-b-Â- F-¶- Cu- kw-cw-`w- I-gn-ª-h-À-jw- 85 hn-hm-l-§-Ä- \-S-¯n-.12.5e-£w- h-cp-am-\w- -t\Sn-.

§-fpw- D-Xv¸m-Z-\- {]-{In-b-bn-Â- A-`n-cp-Nn-bpw- I-gn-hpw- D-]--tbmKn-¨v D-]-bp-à-am-¡p-¶- {]-{In-b-bm-Wv kw-cw-`w-. kw-cw-`- B-cw-`n-¡p-¶- hy-àn-¡v D-ïm--tIï- I-gn-hm-Wv kw-cw-`-I-X-zw-.

kq-£va- kw-cw-`w- (-ssa-t{Im kw-cw-`w-) F-¶m-Â- F-´v?kq-£va-, -sNdp-In-S-, C-S-¯-cw- kw-cw-`-§-Ä-¡m-bp-Å- -tI{µ- a-{´m-e-b-¯n-sâ \n-À-Æ-N-\-a-\p-kcn-¨v ¹m-âv B-âv -sajo-\-dn- hn-`m-K-¯n-Â- A-©p- e-£w- cq-]-bpw- tkh-\- -taJ-e-bn-Â- ]-¯p- e-£w- cq-]-bpw- ap-X-Â-ap-S-¡v D-Å- kw-cw-`-§--sfbm-Wv kq-£va- kw-cw-`-am-bn- I-W-¡m-¡p-¶-Xv.

Ip-Spw-_-{io- am-\-Z-WvU-a-\p-kcn-¨v ¹m-âv & -sa-jo-\-dn-/tkh-\- -taJ-e- F-¶- hy-Xym-kw- C-Ãm--sX hy-àn-K-X- kw-c-`-am--sW¦n-Â- 50,000 cq-]- ap-X-Â- 2.5 e-£w- cq-]-h--scbpw- {Kq-¸v kw-cw-`-am--sW¦n-Â- ]-c-am-h-[n- ]-¯p-e-£w- cq-]-h--scbpw- ap-X-Â- ap-S-¡v D-Å- kw-cw-`-§--sfbm-Wv kq-£va- kw-cw-`-am-bn- I-W-¡m-¡p-¶-Xv.

B-cm-Wv kw-cw-`-I-³-?A-kw-kvIr-X- h-kvXp-¡-fpw- a-äp- D-Xv]m-Z-\- L-S-I-§-fpw- D-Xv̧ m-Z-\- {]-{In-b-bn-Â- A-̀ n-cp-Nn-bpw- I-gn-hpw- D-]--tbmKn-¨v D-]-bp-à-am-¡p-¶- {]-{In-b-bv¡v -t\Xr-X-zw- \-Â-Ip-¶- hy-àn-bm-Wv kw-cw-̀ -I-/kw-cw-̀ -I-³-. \-ã- km-[y-X- G--säSp-¡m-\p-Å- k¶-²-X-bm-Wv kw-cw-`-I-/kw-cw-`-I-sâ ap-J-ap-{Z-.

\n-§-fn-Â- H-cp- kw-cw-`-I- D--tïm? $ \-½p--sS ho-«n-Â- D-ïm-¡p-¶- D-Â-¸-¶-§-Ä- hn-e-

-t]in- hn-än-«p--tïm? $ A-Xn-sâ em-`w- I-W-¡m-¡n-bn-«p--tïm? $ Nn-e-Im-cy-§-fn-Â- \-ãw- h-¶n-«n--tÃ.? $ F-¶n-«pw- \-½-Ä- -sNdn-b- -sNdn-b- km-¼-¯n-I-

{]-h-À-¯-\-§-fn-Â- G-À--s¸«n-«n--tÃ?F-Ãm-h-cn-epw- H-cp- kw-cw-`-I- H-fn-ªn-cp-¸p-ïv. B-h-iy--t_m[-hpw- km-l-N-cy-hp-am-Wv \-½--sf kw-cw-`- cm-¡p-¶-Xv. a-\-Êp--sï¦n-Â- \n-§-Ä-¡pw- kw-cw-̀ -̄ n-eq--sS Po-hn-X--s¯ D-¶-X-§-fn--se¯n-¡mw-.

-ssa-t{Im kw-cw-̀ -§--sf F-§--s\ -sXc--sªSp-¡mw- ?Hmtcm kwcw`hpw GXv taJebnÂ DÄs¸Sp¶p F¶Xv {][m\amWv,

kw-cw-`-§--sf \-ap-¡v -s]mXp--th aq-¶m-bn- X-cw- Xn-cn-¡mw-

1. D-Xv]m-Z-\-]-c-am-b-h-2. tkh-\-]-c-am-b-h-3. hym-]m-cw-4. ..............................................................................................

64

D-ev]-¶-¯n-sâ B-Uw-_-c-¯n-Â- {i-²n-¨m-Â- hn-e- Iq-Sp-I-bm-bn-cn-¡pw- A-Xn-sâ ^-ew-. F-¶m-Â- I-h-À-, ]m-bv¡nw-Kv F-¶n-h- Xo--sc -tami-am-bm-Â- A-Xv D-]--t`màm-hn--s\ D-ev]-¶-¯n-Â- \n-¶pw- A-I-äp-I-bpw- -sN¿pw-. ]-e--t¸mgpw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- D-ev]m-Z-I-À- h-³-In-S- I-¼-\n-I-fp--sS D-ev]-¶-§--sf A-\p-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- {i-an-¡m-dp-ïv. C-Xv A-]-I-S-I-c-am-Wv. X--t±in-b-am-b- D-]--t`màm-hn--s\bm-Wv e-£yw- -shbv ¡p-¶--sX¦n-Â- A-h-À- X--t±in-b-am-b- cp-Nn- A-\p-`-hn-¡m-³- -thïn-bm-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io- D-ev]-¶-§-Ä- hm-§p-¶-Xv. A-\p-I-c-Ww- \-½p--sS D-]--t`màm-hn--s\ \-½n-Â- \n-¶pw- A-I-äm--t\ klm-bn-¡q-.

$ hn-X-c-Ww-X-S-Ê§-fn-Ãm--sX \-½-Ä- e-£yw- -shbv¡p-¶- hn-]-Wn-bn-Â- Dev]-¶-§-Ä- F-̄ n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- I-gn-b-Ww-. h-³-In-S- I-¼-\n-I-fp--tSXp- -t]m-sebp-Å- hn-X-c-W- irw-J-e- \-ap-¡v B-h-iy-an-Ã-. F-¶m-Â- B-h-iy-¡m-À-¡v b-Ym-ka-bw- Dev]-¶w- e-̀ n-¡p-I-bpw- -thWw-. kw-cw-̀ w- H-cp- ]-cn-[n- I-gn-ªv h-f-À-¶m-Â- hn-]p-e-am-b- hn-X-c-W- irw-J-e- B-h-iy-am-bn- h-cpw-.

Ip-Spw-_-{io- I-½yq-Wn-än- -s\ävh-À-¡n-sâ (c-ï-c- e-£w- A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fpw- A-h--sb _-Ôn-¸n-¡p-¶- kp-Zr-V-am-b- kw-L-S-\m- kw-hn-[m-\-hpw-) i-àn- \-½p--sS kw-cw-̀ -I-À- i-cn-bm-bn- hn-\n--tbmKn-̈ m-Â- A-Xp- X--s¶ h-en-b- H-cp- hn-X-c-W- irw-J-e-bm-bn- am-dp-¶-Xm-Wv. hn-hn-[- Pn-Ã-I-fn-em-bn- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶- Ip-Spw-_-{io- -tlmw--tjm¸v kw-hn-[m-\w- P-\-Io-b-am-b- am-À-¡-änw-Kn-sâbpw- hn-X-c-W-¯n-sâbpw- an-I-¨- am-Xr-I-bm-Wv. Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§-Ä- X-§-fp--tS-tXm A--sÃ¦n-Â- a-äp- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§-fp--tS-tbm D--ev]-¶-§-Ä- -t\cn-«v D-]--t`màm-hn-sâ ho-«p- ]-Sn-¡-Â- F-¯n-¡p-¶- hn-]-W-\- X-{´-am-Wv -tlmw--tjm¸v.

$ {]-N-c-Ww-G--sXmcp- D--ev]-¶-Xn-\pw- tkh-\-¯n-\pw- C-¶v {]-N-c-Ww- B-h-iy-am-Wv. Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-cw-`-§-Ä- h-f-cp-¶- ap-d-bv¡v {]-N-c-Ww- B-h-iy-am-bn- h-cpw-. F-¶m-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- D--ev]-¶-§-Ä-¡v G-ä-hpw- \-Ã- {]-N-c-W-¯n-\p-Å- D-]m-[n- "Im--tXmSp- Im--tXmcw-' \-½-Ä-¡p- \-S-¯m-³- I-gn-bp-¶- {]-N-c-W-am-Wv. 42 e-£w- Aw-K-§-Ä- H-cp- D--ev]-¶--s¯ ]-än- ]-d-ªm-Â- B- D--ev]-¶-Xn-\p- -th-sd F-´p- ]-c-ky-am-Wv ]n-¶o-Sv -thï-Xv. Ip-Spw-_-{io- hm-SvkvA v̧ {Kq-̧ p-I-Ä-, am-kn-I-, A-b-Â-¡q-«- -tbmKw-, hn-hn-[- Iym-¼-bn-\p-I-Ä- C-h-bn--seÃmw- D-ev]¶- {]-N-c-Ww- H-cp- \n-À-_-Ô- C-\-am-¡m-³- I-gn-b-Ww-.

kw-cw-`-I-cp--sS {]-h-À-¯-\-¯n-\v A-\p-Iq-e-am-b- L-S-I-§-Ä-G--sXmcp- kw-cw-`-hpw- \n-e-\n-Â-¡p-¶-Xv a-\p-jy-sâ B-h-iy-§-fp--sS \n-d--thä-en-\p- -thïn-bm-h-Ww-. B-{K-l-§-fm-Wv B-h-iy-§-fm-bn- ]-cn-W-an-¡p-¶-Xv.”

kw-cw-`w- B-cw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- ]-cn-K-Wn--t¡ï- L-S-I-§-Ä- G--sXÃmw-?a-\p-jy-sâ F-́ m-h-iy-̄ n-epw- H-cp- kw-cw-̀ - km-[y-X- D-ïv. P-\-\w- ap-X-Â- a-c-Ww- h--scbp-Å- a-\p-jy-sâ G-Xm-h-iy--s¯bpw- _p-²n-]-c-am-bn- kao-]n-̈ m-Â- kw-cw-`- km-[y-X-bm-bn- h-f-À-¯n--sbSp-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. F-¶n-cp-¶m-epw- Xm--sg¸-d-bp-¶- Im-cy-§-Ä- H-cp- kw-cw-`-I- B-Zy--ta Xs¶ hn-i-I-e-\- hn--t[b-am-¡-Ww-.

$ hn-]-Wn-\n-§-fp--sS D-ev]¶w-/tkh-\w- e-£yw- -shbv¡p-¶- hn-]-Wn- G-Xm--sW¶v B-Zy--ta \n-Ý-bn-¡-Ww-. B- hn-]-Wn-bn-Â- \n-§-fp--sS D-ev]-¶w- F-´p--sImïv kzo-Im-cy-am-Ip--sa¶v hn-e-bn-cp-¯-Ww-. D-Zm-: -s]mXn--t¨mÀ- D-ïm-¡n- -sImSp-¡p-¶- H-cp- bq-Wn-än-\v \-K-c-¯n-Â- km-[y-X- D-ïv. F-¶m-Â- C-Xv {Km-a- {]--tZi-̄ v B-cw-`n-¨m-Â- hn-P-b- km-[y-X- Ip-d-hm-Wv. Im-c-Ww- {Km-a-¯n-Â- B-fp-I-Ä-¡v Xn-c-¡v Ip-d-hm-b-Xn-\m-Â- ho-Sp-I-fn-Â- X--s¶ ̀ -£-Ww- D-ïm-¡n- I-gn-¡p-¶- io-e-am-Wv D-Å-Xv. $ D-ev]-¶w-/tkh-\-¯n-sâ kzo-Im-cy-X-

G--sXmcp- D-ev]-¶-¯n-\pw- khn--tij-am-b- Nn-e- hn-]-Wn-I-Ä- Im-Wpw-. B- kaq-l-¯n--se B-fp-I-fp--sS km-aq-ly- kmw-kv¡m-cn-I- ]-Ým-¯-ew-, A-h-cp--sS s]mXp--t_m[w- F-¶n-h--sbÃmw- hn-]-Wn--sb kzm-[o-\n-¡p-¶- L-S-I-am-Wv. A--tXm-sSm¸w- \n-e-hn-ep-Å- D-ev]-¶-§-fp--sS Kp-W-\n-e-hm-c-̄ n-Â- D-]--t`màm-hv Xr-]v X-cm--tWm? D-ev]-¶-̄ n-sâ hn-e- D-]--t`màm-hn-\p- Xm-§m-³- I-gn-bp-¶-Xm--tWm Xp-S-§n- \n-c-h-[n- Im-cy-§-Ä- D-ev]-¶-̄ n-sâ kzo-Im-cy-X--sb kzm-[o-\n-¡p-¶- L-S-I-§-fm-Wv. ]-e--t¸mgpw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- D-ev]-¶-§--sf kzo-Im-cy-am-¡p-¶-Xv ''\-½p--sS A-½-am-À-/-tN¨n-am-À-'' D-ïm-¡n-b- km-[-\w- F-¶- D-]--t`màm-hn-sâ Nn-´-bm-Wv.

C-hn--sS kz-´w- ho-«n-Â- \n--t¶m A--sÃ¦n-Â- -sXm«-Sp-¯- ho-«n-Â- \n--t¶m D-ïm-¡n-b- km-[-\w- hm-§n- D-]--tbmKn-¡p-¶p- F-¶- -tXm¶-em-Wv D-]--t`màm-hn--s\ \-bn-¡p-¶-Xv.

$ D-ev]-¶-¯n-sâ/tkh-\-¯n-sâ hn-e-D-ev] - -¶-¯n-sâ hn-e- D-]--t`màm-hn-\p- Xm-§m-³- I-gn-bp-¶-Xm--tWm F-¶-Xm-Wv A-Sp-¯-Xm-bn- Nn-ń--t¡ï-Xv. hn-e- Iq-Sn-bm-epw- Ip-d-ªm-epw- D-]--t`màm-hn-\p- Nn-e- k-tµl-§-Ä- D-ïm-Ipw-. hn-e- Iq-Sn-bm-Â- C-Xp- \-ap-¡p-Å-X-Ã- k¼-¶-À-¡p--thïn- D-Å-Xm--sW¶- -tXm¶-epw- hn-e- Ip-d-ªm-Â- C-Xp- Kp-W-\n-e-hm-cw- Ip-d-ª- D-ev]¶-am--sW¶p-Å- -tXm¶-epw- D-]--t`màm-hn-Â- D-ïm-Ip-I- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-Wv. ]-e--t¸mgpw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- D-ev]-¶-§--sf Cu- c-ïp- K-W-¯n-epw- D-Ä--s¸Sp-¯m-³- I-gn-bn-Ã-. X--t±in-b-am-b- D-ev]¶w-, am-b-an-Ãm-¯-Xv, \-½p--tS-sX¶v -tXm¶-Â- C-¡m-c-W-§-fm-em-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io- D-ev]-¶-§-Ä- kzo-Im-cy-am-Ip-¶-Xv.

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F-â-Àss{]kv I-¬-kÄ-«-âv A-b-Â-¡q-«- -tbm K-¯n-Â- ]--s¦Sp-¯p-. C-h-cp--sS N-À-¨- \-ap--s¡m¶v {i-²n-¡mw-. Fw- C- kn- : Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§-Ä-¡v kw-cw-̀ -§-Ä- B-cw-̀ n-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn \n-c-h-[n- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä- \-S-̧ n-em-¡p-¶p-ïv. H-¶mw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kv¡q-fn-Â- \-½-Ä- a-\-Ên-em-¡n-b- Im-cy-§-Ä- Hm-À-½-bp-ï--tÃm?A-b-Â-¡q-«- Aw-Kw-: R-§-Ä-¡v H-cm-\p-Iq-ey-hpw- In-«n-bn-«n-Ã-. A--sXm-s¡ an-Sp-¡n-I-fm-b-h-À- hm-§n- -sImïp- -t]mIpw-. Fw- C- kn-: i-cn-, \n-§-Ä- F-´v kw-cw-`w- B-cw-`n-¡m-\m-Wv Xo-cp-am-\n-¨-Xv. A-Xn-\m-bn- F--s´Ãmw- {i-aw- \-S-¯n-?Aw-Kw-: A-Xn-\m-bn- {]--tXyI-am-bn- H-¶pw- -sNbvXn-Ã-. F- Un- F-kv {]-kn-U-âv R-§-Ä-¡v -ss]k hm-§n- X-¶m-Â- -t]m-sc?Fw- C- kn-: kw-cw-`- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-¡p-Å- km-¼-¯n-I- klm-b-§-Ä- -shdp--sX B-À-¡pw- e-`n-¡n-Ã-. B-cw-`n-¡p-¶- kw-cw-`-¯n-sâ -t{]mP-Îv, ]-cn-io-e-\w- e-̀ n-̈ - kÀ-«n-̂ n-¡-äv F-¶n-h--sbÃmw- i-cn-bmw- hn-[w- ka-À-¸n--s¨¦n-Â- am-{X--ta [-\-klm-bw- e-`n-¡q-. kw-cw-`-I-À-¡v -t{]mÕm-l-\-¯n-\m-bn-«m-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io- hn-hn-[- [-\-klm-bw- \-Â-Ip-¶-Xv.Aw-Kw-: Hm- \-ap--s¡m¶pw- ]-än-b- G-À-¸m-S-Ãn-Xv. ]-Tn-¸pw- I-gn-hp-ap-Å-h-À-¡--tÃ C--sXm-s¡ ]-äq-.Fw- C- kn-: -tN¨n-bp--sS [m-c-W- -sXäm-Wv. Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS -t\Xr-X-z-¯n-Â- B-bn-c-¡-W-¡n-\v ho-«-½-am-À- kw-cw-̀ -I-cm-bn- am-dn-bn-«p-ïv. A-̄ -c--samcm-fp--sS A-\p-`-hw- Cu- A-[ym-b-¯n-Â- X--s¶ \-½-Ä- N-À-¨- -sN¿p-¶p-ïv. Aw-Kw-: A--sXm-s¡ i-cn-bm--Wv. \-½p--sS kn- Un- F-kn-epw- Iym-âo-\pw- X-¿-Â- bq-Wn-äp--saÃmw- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶-Xm-bn- A-dn-bmw-. F-¶m-epw- R-§-Ä-¡v C-Xn--s\m-s¡ I-gn-bp--tam?Fw- C- kn- : Xo-À-¨-bm-bpw- I-gn-bpw-. Rm-³- H-cp- D-Zm-l-c-Ww- ]-d-bmw-. \n-§-fn-Â- F-{X- -t]À- I-S-I-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- ]-e-lm-cw- hm-§m-dp-ïv?(F-Ãm-h-cpw- hm-§m-dp--sï¶v k½-Xn-¡p-¶p-.)i-cn-, H-cp- B-gvN-bn-Â- F-{X- cq-]-bp--sS ]-e-lm-cw- hm-§pw-. (Aw-K-§-Ä- ]-e- Xp-I-I-Ä- ]-d-bp-¶p-.)\n-§-fp--sS A-`n-{]m-b-¯n-Â- \n-¶pw- i-cm-i-cn- 150 cq-]-bp--sS ]-e-lm-c-§-Ä- B-gvN-bn-Â- hm-§p-¶p-ïv. A-§--s\-sb¦n-Â- C-cp-]-Xp- Aw-K-§-fp--sSbpw- Ip-Spw-_-§-fn-em-bn- 3000 cq-]-bp--sS ]-e-lm-cw- hm-§p-¶p-ïv. C-Xp- \-½p--sS A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- D-ïm-¡n- D-]--tbm Kn-¨m--tem?Aw-Kw-: A-Xp- \-Ã- Im-cy-am-W--tÃm? hn-jw- Xn-¶p-I-bpw- -thï-. em-`-hp-am-Wv. Fw- C- kn-: Xo-À-̈ -bm-bpw- em-̀ -I-c-am-Wv. i-cm-i-cn- 2000 cq-]-bv¡v Hm-cm-gvN--t¯¡p-Å- ]-e-lm-c-§-Ä- C-{]-Im-cw- D-ïm-¡m-³- I-gn-bpw-. B-gvN-bn-Â- 1000 cq-]- C-{]-

Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-cw-`-I-À- A-h-kc-§--sf -tXSp--t¼mÄ- km-[m-c-W- a-\p-jy-À-¡m-h-iy-am-b- D-Â-̧ -¶-§--sfbm-Wv B-{i-bn--t¡ï-Xv.

B-h-iy-§--sf Xm--sg Im-Wpw- hn-[w- X-cw-Xn-cn-¡mw- $ `-£-W-]-c-am-b- B-h-iy-§-Ä- $\n--tXym]--tbmK- h-kvXp-¡-Ä- $h-kv{X-]-c-am-b-h- $hn-Zym-`ym-k]-c-am-b-h- $km-aq-ln-I- Po-hn-X--t¯mSp- _-Ô--s¸«-h- $hy-h-km-b- kw-cw-`-§-Ä-¡v {]--tbmP-\--s¸Sp-¯p-¶-h- $Im-À-jn-I-]-c-am-b-h- $I-¼yq-«-À-h-Â-¡-c-W-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-b-h-

kw-cw-`-I-À- {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-hm-\p--t±in-¡p-¶- {]--tZi--s¯ P-\-§-fp--sS B-h-iy--s¯ a-\-Ên-em-¡m-³- I-gn-ªm-Â- A-Xn-\-\p-Iq-e-am-b- A-h-kc--s¯ -sXc--sªSp-¡m-³- F-fp-¸-am-Wv.

-ssa-t{Im F-â-Àss{]kv I-¬-kÄ-«-âvkw-cw-`-I-À-¡v B-h-iy-am-b- km--t¦Xn-I- -sshZ-Kv²y- klm-bw- e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\v B-hn-jvI-cn-¨n-«p-Å- ]n- ´p-Wm- kw-hn-[m-\-am-Wv Fw- C- kn-I-Ä-. kw-cw-`- km-[y-X- I--sï -̄Â-, -t{]mP-Îv X-¿m-dm-¡-Â- Xp-S-§n- kw-cw-`- hn-I-k\w- ap-X-Â- hn-]-W-\w- h--scbp-Å- ]n- ´p-W- \-Â-Im-³- ]m-I-¯n-Â- an-I-¨- ]-cn-io-e-\w- \-Â-In-bm-Wv Fw- C- kn-am--sc hm-À--s¯Sp-̄ n-«p-Å-Xv. Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§-fn-Â- \n-¶m-Wv C-¯-cw- I-W-kÄ-«-âp-am--sc Xn-c--sªSp-¯n-«p-Å-Xv.

H-¶m-bn- \n-¶m-Â- \-¶m-bn- -t\Smw-!! C-cp-]-Xp- Aw-K-§-fp-Å- H-cp- A-b-Â-¡q-«--s¯ k¦-Â-]n-¡p-I-. C-h-À- F-Ãm- B-gvN-bpw- Rm-b-dm-gvN- D-¨-bv¡v c-ïp- a-Wn-ap-X-Â- A-©p-a-Wn-h--sc -tbm Kw- -tNcpw-. km-¼-¯n-I- Im-cy-§-fpw- Aev]w- \m-«p-Im-cy-§-fpw- N-À-¨- -sNbvXv -tbmKw- ]-Xn-hv -t]m-se A-h-km-\n-̧ n-¡pw-. I-gn-ª- C-cp-]-Xp- h-À-j-am-bn- Cu- {]-{In-b- Xp-S-cp-¶p-.

C-Xp- C-{]-Im-cw- Xp-S-À-¶m-Â- a-Xn--tbm?C-h-cn-Â- _-lp-`q-cn-]-£w- Aw-K-§-Ä-¡pw- kz-´-am-bn- h-cp-am-\-an-Ã-. {Xn-^väv A-S-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- en--t¦Pv hm-bv]- A-S-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- `-À-¯m-hn-sâ h-cp-am-\--s¯bm-Wv B-{i-bn-bv¡p-¶-Xv.

C-Xp- i-cn-bm--tWm?Hm--tcm Aw-K-hpw- -sNdn-b- h-cp-am-\--sa¦n-epw- -t\-tS-tï? C-Xn-\p- F-´p- -sN¿m-³- I-gn-bpw-? Iq-«m-bn- N-À-¨- -sN¿p-I-.

Nn-e- km-[y-X-I-Ä-A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-sâ £-W-{]-Im-cw- H-cp- -ssa-t{Im

66

I-gn-bp-¶- aq-¶p- ap-X-Â- ]--t¯m ]-¯n-Â- Xm--sg-tbm (kw-cw-̀ -̄ n-sâ kz-̀ m-h-a-\p-kcn-̈ v) Aw-K-§--sf D-Ä--s¸Sp-¯n- B-În-hn-än- {Kq-¸v cq-]o-I-cn-¡p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv B-Zy- L-«w-.

B-i-b- cq-]o-I-c-Ww--tbmPn-̈ v {]-h-À-̄ n-¡m-³- I-gn-bp-¶-h--sc I--sï¯n-¡-gn-ªm-Â- ]n-¶o-Sv -thï-Xv F-́ v kcw-̀ w- B-cw-̀ n-¡pw- F-¶p-Å-Xm-Wv. Aw-K-§-Ä-¡v -s]mXp-hm-bn- X-mev]-cy-ap-Å- -taJ-e- Xn-c--sªSp-¡p-¶-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw- D-Nn-Xw-. (km-[y-X- ]-cn--tim[n-¨v)

P-\-d-Â- Hm-dn-btâj-³- -t{]m{Kmw-B-i-b- cq-]o-I-c-Ww- I-gn-ªm-Â- B-Zyw- -thï-Xv kn- Un- F-kp-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸«v kw-cw-`-I- Hm-dn-b-btâj-³- ]-cn-]m-Sn-bn-Â- ]--s¦Sp-¡p-I- F-¶-p-Åp-Xm-Wv. -t»m¡vX-e-¯n-epw- Pn-Ãm-X-e-¯n-ep-am-Wv Hm-dn-btâj-³- -t{]m{Kmw-- kw-L-Sn-̧ n-¡p-¶-Xv. km-[m-c-W- K-Xn-bn-Â- c-ïp- -t{]m{Km-an-Â- ]--s¦Sp-¡-Ww-. kw-cw-̀ -§-Ä- B-cw-̀ n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- \-S-]-Sn- {I-a-§-Ä-, -t\cn--tSïn- h-cp-¶- {]-bm-k§-Ä-, km-[y-X-bp-Å- -taJ-e-I-Ä- F-¶n-h--sbÃmw- ]-cn-N-b--s¸Sp-̄ p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv Pn- H- Sn-bp--sS e-£yw-. Cu- ]-cn-]m-Sn-bn-Â- ]--s¦Sp-¡p-¶-h-À--t¡ A-Sp-¯- L-«-¯n--tebv¡v {]--thin-¡m-³- A-À-l-X-bp-Åp-.-ssa-t{Im F-â-Àss{]kv I-¬-kÄ-«-âp-am--tcm -t»m¡v -tIm Hm-À-Un--t\ä-À-am--tcm B-Wv Cu- ]-cn-]m-Sn-bv¡v -t\Xr-X-zw- -sImSp-¡p-I-.

]p-\-cm--temN-\-P-\-d-Â- Hm-dn-b-btâj-\n-Â- ]--s¦Sp-̄ p- I-gn-bp--t¼mÄ- \n-e-hn-Â- Xo-cp-am-\n-̈ - kw-cw-̀ - B-i-b-̄ n-Â- \n-¶pw- am-dn- km-[y-X- Iq-Sp-X-ep-Å- a--sämcp- -taJ-e- Xn-c--sªSp-¡-W--sa¶p- -tXm¶n-bm-Â- A-Xn-\p-Å- A-h-kc-am-Wn-Xv. Aw-K-§-Ä- Iq-«m-b- B--temN-\-bn-eq--sSbm-bn-cn-¡-Ww- Xo-cp-am-\--saSp--t¡ï-Xv. C--tXm-sSm¸w- X--s¶ \n-§-Ä- D-ïm-¡p-¶- km-[-\-¯n-\pw-/tkh-\-¯n-\p-w kam-\-am-bn- \n-e-hn-Â- am-À-¡-än-ep-Å- D-ev]-¶--s¯ -̧än- a-\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xp- -sa -̈-s¸«- Xo-cp-am-\--saSp-¡m-³- klm-bn-¡pw-.

kvY-ew- I--sï¯-Â-kw-cw-`w- F-hn--sS B-cw-`n-bv¡pw- F-¶p-Å-Xm-Wv A-Sp-¯- {]-iv\w-. hm-l-\- ku-I-cyw-, -sshZyp-Xn-, ip-²-P-e- e-`y-X-,]-cn-kc- ip-Nn-X-zw- F-¶n-h-bp-Å- kvY-e-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww- kw-cw-`-¯n-\m-bn- Xn-c--sªSp--t¡ï-Xv. kw-cw-̀ -̄ n-sâ kz-̀ m-h-̄ n-\-\p-kcn-̈ m-bn-cn-¡-Ww- kvY-ew- \n-Ý-bn--t¡ï-Xv. D-Zm-l-c-W-̄ n-\v b-{´w- {]-h-À-¯n-bv¡p--t¼mÄ- h-en-b- i-Ðw- D-ïm-Ip--sa¦n-Â- P-\-§-Ä- Xn-§n-¸m-À-¡p-¶- -taJ-e- Xn-c--sªSp-¯m-Â- P-§-fp--sS F-Xn-À-¸v D-ïm-Ipw-. A-Xp--sImïv C-¯-cw- kw-cw-`-§-Ä- B-cw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v P-\-hm-kw- Ip-d-ª- -taJ-e- Xn-c--sªSp--t¡ïn- h-cpw-.

Im-cw- em-`n-¡m-³- I-gn-ªm-Â- H-cp- h-À-jw- -sImïv 12000 cq-]- \-ap-¡v k¼m-Zy-am-bn- am-dpw-. em-`w- am-{X-a-Ã- C-hn--sS -t\«w-. Cu- -sNdn-b- {]-h-À-̄ -\-̄ n-eq--sS \n-§-fp--sS B-ß-hn-i-zm-kw- h-À-²n-¡p-I-bpw- {I--taW- Cu- {]-h-À-¯-\w- hn-]p-eo-I-cn-¨v -sXm«-Sp-¯p-Å- I-S-I-fn-Â- ]-e-lm-c-§-Ä- hn-Â-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- I-gn-bpw-. C-{]-Im-cw- h-f-À-¨-bp--sS ]-S-hp-I-Ä- Xm-ïm-³- I-gn-bpw-. C-Xp--t]m-se Nq-Â-, I-dn-]-u-U-dp-I-Ä- Xp-S-§n- \-½p--sS \n-Xy-Po-hn-X-¯n-Â- B-h-iy-am-b--sX´pw- Iq-«m-bva-bn-eq--sS D-ev]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- {I--taW- A--sXmcp- h-cp-am-\- am-À-¤-am-bn- am-dp-¶-Xn-\pw- I-gn-bpw-. A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]-kn-U-âv: Fw- C- kn-bp--sS ¢m-kv R-§-fp--sS -sXäm-b- [m-c-W-I-Ä- am-äp-¶-Xn-\p- klm-b-I-am-bn-. H-¶mw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kv¡q-fn-Â- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä- a-\-Ên-em-¡n--sb¦n-epw- C--t¸mgm-Wv R-§-Ä-¡pw- kw-cw-`-Im-cm-Im--sa¶p-Å- B-ß-hn-im-kw- D-ïm-b-Xv.

N-À-¨m- kq-N-I-§-Ä-1. \-½p--sS \m-«n-Â- F--s´Ãmw- -tPmen-I-Ä-¡m-Wv

C--t¸mÄ- B-fp-I--sf e-`n-¡m-³- {]-bm-kw-?2. \n-§-Ä-¡v B-h-iy-am-b- G--sXÃmw- D-ev]-¶-

§-Ä- {]m--tZin-I-am-b- hn-`-h-§-Ä- D-]--tbmKn-¨v D-ev]m-Zn-¸n-¡mw-?

3. \-½p--sS {]--tZi-¯v khn--tij- -sshZ-Kv[y-ap-Å- hy-àn-I-Ä- D--tïm?

4. Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-hn-[m-\-̄ n-eq--sS Xm-¦-Ä- {]-Xo-£n-¡p-¶- -sXmgn-ep-I-fpw- -sXmgn-Â- kw-cw-`-§--sf¡p-dn-¨v Xm-¦-fp--sS A-`n-{]m-bw-?

kw-cw-`-I-\v D-ïm-bn-cn--t¡ï- Kp-W-§-Ä-a--täXv -taJ-e-bn--se¶- -t]m-se kw-cw-`- {]-h-À-¯-\-¯n-Â- G-À--s¸Sp-¶-h-cp--sS I-gn-hpw- a--t\m`m-h-hpw- kw-cw-̀ -̄ n-sâ hn-P-b-̄ n-\v A-Xy-́ m--t]£n-X-am-Wv. Np-h--sS -tNÀ-¡p-¶- ]-«n-I- ]q-À-®--sam¶p-a-Ã-. C-\n-bpw- [m-cm-fw- Kp-W-§-Ä- \-½-Ä-¡v I--sï¯m-³- I-gn-bpw-. A-h- N-À-¨-bn-eq--sS I--sï¯p-I-.

( e-£y--t_m[w- ( B-ß-hn-i-zm-kw- ( kXy-kÔ-X- ( Zr-V-\n-Ý-bw- ( Xo-cp-am-\--saSp-¡m-\p-Å- I-gn-hv ( A-h-kc-§-Ä- I--sï¯m-\p-Å- I-gn-hv ( {]-iv\-§--sf -t\cn-Sp-hm-\p-Å- a-\-Êv ( \-ãw- -t\cn-Sp-hm-\p-Å- I-cp-¯v ( aq-e-[-\w- I--sï¯p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- I-gn-hv

Ip-Spw-_-{io- kq-£va- kw-cw-`- cq-]o-I-c-Ww- - hn-hn-[- L-«-§-Ä-

B-În-hn-än- {Kq-¸v cq-]o-I-c-Ww-H-cp- A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-Â- \n--t¶m A--sÃ¦n-Â- a-äv A-b-Â-¡q-«-§-fn-Â- \n--t¶m -tbmPn-¨v {]-h-À-¯n-bv¡m-³-

67

bv¡p-¶- -t{]mP-Îpw- A--t]£-bpw- Pn-Ãm-an-j-³- A-[n-Ir-X-À- ]-cn--tim[n-̈ v -t{]mPvÎn-\p- Aw-Ko-Im-cw- \-Â-Ipw-. Xp-S-À-¶v ]-en-i- k_vkn-Un- A-\p-h-Zn-̈ p--sImïp-Å- D-̄ -c-hv ]p-d--s¸Sp-hn-bv¡pw-. Cu- D-̄ -c-hv In-«p-¶- ap-d-bv¡v _m-¦v -tem¬- B-Ivän-hn-än- {Kq-¸n-sâ A-¡-u- ïn--tebv¡v -ssIam-dpw-.

bq-Wn-äv {]-h-À-¯-\w- B-cw-`n-¡-Â--tem¬- e-̀ n-̈ m-ep-S-³- b-{ -́§-f-S-¡-ap-Å- km-[-\- km-a- {Kn-I-Ä- hm-§n- bq-Wn-äv {]-h-À-¯-\w- B-cw-`n-¡-Ww-. -sshZ-Kv[y- ]-cn-io-e-\w- ]q-À-̄ o-I-cn-̈ v 26 Zn-h-k¯n-\p-Ån-Â- bq-Wn-äv {]-h-À-¯-\w- B-cw-`n-¡-Ww-.

'\-½-Ä-¡pw- B-cw-`n-¡mwkw-cw-`w-''kw-cw-`w- - kzm-{i-b-X-zw- -im-ào-I-c-Ww-'

""a-[p-c- {ip-Xn-bn-Â- a-\w- \n-d-ªv Po-hn-Xw''

_m-ey--s¯¡p-dn--t¨mÀ-¡p--t¼mÄ- Kn-cn-P-bp--sS a-\-Ên--te¡v B-Zyw- I-S-¶p- h-cp-¶-Xv hn-i-̧ n-sâ \o-ä-em-Wv. kz-kvY-am-bn- D-d-§m-³- -t]mepw- A-\p-h-Zn-¡m--sX h-b-än-epw- I-®n-epw- \o-dn-]n-Sn-¨- hn-i-¸n-sâ I-\-ep-I-Ä-. aq-¶v -t\cw- h-b-À- \n-d-¨v B-lm-cw- I-gn-¡p-¶-Xv H-cp- h-en-b- kz-]v\w- am-{X-am-bn- A-h--tijn-¨- \m-fp-I-Ä-.

Nn-ń-¡m-³- I-gn-bp-¶-Xn-\p-a-¸p-dw- -t¢i-§-Ä- \n-d-ª-Xm-bn-cp-¶p- Kn-cn-P-bp--sS _m-ey-I-u-am-c-§-Ä-. -ss{Uhnw-Kv kv¡q-Ä- \-S-¯p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p- Kn-cn-P-bp--sS A-Ñ-³-. ]--t£ Kn-cn-P-bp--sS -sNdp-̧ -̄ n-Â- A-Ñ-³- a-cn-̈ --tXm-sS Po-hn-Xw- h-gn-ap-«n-. A-b-Â-]-¡--s¯ ho-Sp-I-fn-Â- ho-«p--tPmen-¡v -t]m bm-Wv Kn-cn-P-bp-Ä--s¸-sS aq-¶v Ip-«n-I--sf A-½- h-f-À-¯n-b-Xv. a-¡-fn-Â- aq-¯- B-Ä- Kn-cn-P-bm-bn-cp-¶p-. ]-e--t¸mgpw- ]-«n-Wn-bm-bn-cp-¶p- ho-«n-Â-.a-äp- ho-Sp-I-fn-Â- ]-Wn- I-gn-ªp- h-cp--t¼mÄ- A-½- -sImïp- h-cp-¶- `-£-W- -s]mXn-bm-bn-cp-¶p- B- A-½-bp--sSbpw- a-¡-fp--sSbpw- hn-i-¸-S-¡n-bn-cp-¶-Xv.

ho-«n-Â- I-ã-¸m-Sp-I-Ä- Iq-Sn-b--t¸mÄ- -sNdp-¸-¯n-Â- Kn-cn-P-bpw- A-Sp-̄ p-Å- ho-Sp-I-fn-Â- -tPmen-¡p- -t]mbn- Xp-S-§n-. A-¶v Kn-cn-P-bv¡v -shdpw- ]-¯v h-b-Êvv. A-Xn-cm-hn--se h-en-b- ho-Sp-I-fn-Â- -t]mbn- ap-ä-a- Sn-¡pw- -shÅw- -tImcn- -sImSp-¡pw- ]n--s¶ F-Ãm- ]-Wn-bpw- I-gn-ªv B- h-en-b- ho-Sn-sâ A-Sp-¡-f- h-cm-´-bp--sS Xm--sg Kn-cn-P- Im-¯p- \n-Â-¡p-am-bn-cp-¶p-. H-cp- ]n-Sn- -tNmdn-\p- -thïn-bp-Å- Im-¯p- \n-Â-¸v. Ip-d-¨p- I-gn-bp--t¼mÄ- -tNmdpw- I-dn-bp-a-S-§n-b- H-cp- -sNdn-b- ]m-{Xw- Kn-cn-P-bp--sS -ssI¿n-Â- In-«pw- A-Xp-am-bn- k-t´mj--t¯m-sS ho-«n--te-t¡mSpw-.

hn-hm-l- Po-hn-X-̄ n-epw- I-ã-̧ m-Sp-I-Ä- X--s¶bm-Wv Kn-cn-P--sb Im-¯n-cp-¶-Xv. A-Sp-¯p-Å- -t£{X-¯n-Â- ]q-Pm-cn-bm-bn-cp-¶- ̀ -À-̄ m-hn-sâ h-cp-am-\w- H-¶n- \pw- Xn-I-bp-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã-. -ssIIp-ªp-am-bn- \n-¶p- Xn-cn-bm-³- -t]mepw- C-S-an-Ãm-¯- B- ho-Sv

^-ïv I--sï¯-Â-kw-cw-̀ - -taJ-e-bpw- kvY-e-hpw- I--sï¯n- I-gn-ªm-Â- A-Sp-¯- {]-iv\w- kw-cw-`-¯n-\m-h-iy-am-b- ^-ïv I--sï¯p-I- F-¶p-Å-Xm-Wv. -ssa-t{Im F-â-À-ss{]kv I-¬-kÄ-«-ân-sâ klm-bw- C-¡-cy-¯n-Â- -tXSm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. _m-¦v hm-bv]-bpw- K-p-W--t`màr- hn-ln-X-hp-am-Wv {]-[m-\-am-bpw- ^-ïn-sâ D-d-hn-Sw-.

-sshZ-Kv[y- ]-cn-io-e-\w-kw-cw-`-I- -taJ-e- Xo-cp-am-\n-¨p- I-gn-ªm-Â- ]n-¶o-Sv B- -taJ-e-bn-Â- -sshZ-Kv[y- ]-cn-io-e-\-̄ n-Â- ]--s¦Sp-¡p-I- F-¶-Xm-Wv A-Sp-¯- L-«w-. kw-cw-`-I-X-z- ]-cn-io-e-\-hpw- -sshZ-Kv[y- ]-cn-io-e-\-hpw- H-¶n-¨m-Wv \-Â-Ip-¶-Xv. C-Xn-\m-bn- kn- Un- F-kv Hm-ô-kn-Â- A--t]£- \-Â-I-Ww-. -t»m¡v/Pn-Ãm- -tI{µ-¯n-em-bn-cn-¡pw- -sshZ-Kv[y- ]-cn-io-e-\w- \-S-¯p-I-. Hm--tcm -taJ-e-bv¡pw- \n-Ý-bn-̈ n-«p-Å-{X- a-Wn-¡q-À- ]-cn-io-e-\w- ]q-À-¯o-I-cn-¡p-¶-h-À-¡p- am-{X--ta kÀ-«n-^n-¡-äv e-`n-¡p-I-bp-Åp-. -sshZ-Kv[y- ]-cn-io-e-\- kÀ-«n-^n-¡-äv -t\Sn-b-h-À-¡p- am-{X--ta kw-cw-`w- B-cw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- [-\-klm-bw- e-`n-¡q-I-bp-Åp-. ]-©m-b-¯vX-e-¯n-Â- \-S-¯p-¶- ]-cn-io-e-\-§-Ä-¡v 50 cq-]-bpw- -t»m¡vX-e- ]-cn-io-e-\-§-Ä-¡v 75 cq-]-bpw- Pn-Ãm-X-e- ]-cn-io-e-\-§-Ä-¡v 100 cq-]-bpw- kv-ssä]-âm-bn- ]-cn-io-e-\m-À-°n-¡v A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.

kam-\-am-b- bq-Wn-äv kµ-À-i-\w--sshZ-Kv[y- ]-cn-io-e-\--t¯m-sSm¸--tam A-Xn-\p- ap-³--t]m kam-\-am-b- bq-Wn-äp-I-Ä- kµ-À-in-̈ v Im-cy-§-Ä- a-\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xv D-Nn-X-am-Wv.

-t{]mP-Îv X-¿m-dm-¡-epw- -tem¬- ]m-km-¡-epw- ]-cn-io-e-\w- ]q-À-¯o-I-cn-¨p- I-gn-ªm-Â- A-Sp-¯- L-«w- Fw- C- kn- bp--sS klm-b--t¯m-sS -t{]mP-Îv X-¿m-dm-¡p-I- F-¶p-Å-Xm-Wv. -t{]mP-În--s\m¸w- \n-Ýn-X- am-Xr-I-bn-ep-Å- A--t]£-bpw- (Aw-K-̄ n-sâ/Aw-K-§-fp--sS -t^m-t«m D-Ä--s¸-sS) kn- Un- F-kv Hm-ô-kn-Â- ka-À-¸n-¡-Ww-. hy-àn-/{Kq-¸n-sâ -t]cn-Â- B-cw-̀ n-̈ - {]--tXyI- _m-¦v A-¡-u-ïn-sâ hn-h-c-§-fpw- A--t]£-bn-Â- D-Ä--s¸Sp-̄ -Ww-. kn- Un- F-kv ip-]m-À-i--tbmSp-¡q-Sn- t{]mPvÎv _m-¦n-\p- ka-À-¸n-bv¡p-I-bpw- _m-¦v -tem¬- ]m-km-¡p-I-bpw- -sN¿pw-. (-t{]mP-În--s\ ]-än- _m-¦v A-[n-Ir-X-cp-am-bn- ap-³-¡q-«n- kw-km-cn-¨v [m-c-W-bn--se¯p-¶-Xv \-Ã-Xm-Wv.) -t{]mP-Îv X-¿m-dm-¡p-¶- ka-b-¯p- X--s¶ B-h-iy-am-b- km--t¦Xn-I- hn-Zy- b-{´-§-Ä-,km-[-\- km-a-{Kn-I-Ä- F-¶n-h--sb¸-än- [m-c-W- D-ïm-¡p-I-bpw- A-h- F-hn--sS-sbÃmw- e-`n-¡pw- F-¶-Xp- kw-_-Ôn-¨v A-dn-ªn-cn-¡p-I-bpw- -thWw-.

-t{]mP-Îv Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡-Â-kn- Un- F-kv ap--tJ\- B-În-hn-än- {Kq-¸p-I-Ä- ka-À-¸n-

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´-]p-cw- Pn-Ã-bn--se \m-em-©n-d- ]m--tdm«p--tImWw-, ]m-Ww-hn-f- -tdmUn-Â- `w-Kn-bp-Å- C-cp-\n-e- ho-Sn-sâ ap-¶n-Â- \n-¶v Kn-cn-P- Nn-cn-¡p--t¼mÄ- A-Xn-Â- {]-Xn-kÔn-I--sf -tXmÂ-̧ n-̈ -Xn-sâ B-ß-hn-i-zm-kw- \-ap-¡v Im-Wmw-. `-À-¯m-hv c-ho-{µ-\pw- G-I- a-I-³- \-µp-hpw- Kn-cn-P-bp--sS kw-cw-`-¯n-\v F-Ãm-hn-[- ]n-´p-W-bpw- \-Â-In- -sImïv H-¸-ap-ïv.

"Kn-cn-P-bv¡v hn-P-bn-¡m--sa¦n-Â- \n-§-Ä-¡pw- hn-P-bn-¡mw-'

Kn-cn-P-bp--sS A-\p-`-hw- hm-bn-¨--tÃm? \n-§-fp--sS {]--tZi-¯pw- C-{]-Im-cw- hn-P-bn-¨-h-À- C--tÃ? A-h-cp-am-bn- H-cp- N-À-̈ - kw-L-Sn-̧ n-̈ m--tem? F-́ p--sImïm-Wv A-h-À- hn-P-bn-¨-Xv F-¶v N-À-¨- -sN¿p-I-.

kw-cw-̀ -§-Ä- B-cw-̀ n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- klm-bn-¡p-¶- Nn-e- Un-̧ m-À-«v-saâp-I-fp--sS /]-cn-io-e-\- kvYm-]-\-§-fp--sS ]-«n-I- Np-h--sS -tNÀ-¡p-¶p-. ` hy-h-km-b- hm-Wn-Py- U-b-d-Î--tdäv , Pn-Ãm- hy-h-

km-b- -tI{µw- ` -tIc-f- kw-kvYm-\- hy-h-km-b- hn-I-k\- -tImÀ-

¸--tdj-³- ` -tIc-f- ^n-\m-³-jy-Â- -tImÀ-¸--tdj-³- ` `m-c-Xo-b- -sNdp-In-S- hy-h-km-b- hn-I-k\- _m-¦v ` tIc-f- C-³-U-kv{Sn-b-Â- B-âv -sSIv\n-¡-Â- I-¬-

kÄ-«-³-kn- Hm-À-K--ss\tkj-³- ` sNdp-In-S- hy-h-km-b- hn-I-k\- -tImÀ-¸--tdj-³- ` -tIc-f- Jm-Zn- {Km-a- hy-h-km-b- -t_mÀ-Uv ` -tIc-f- kv-tääv -t{]mU-În-hn-än- I-u-¬-kn-Â- ` -tIc-f- C-³-U-kv{Sn-b-Â- C-³-{^m-kv{SIvN-À- U-h-

e-¸v-saâv -tImÀ-¸--tdj-³-

Kn-cn-P--sb kw-_-Ôn-̈ v Zm-cn-{Zy-̄ n-sâ a--sämcp- -temI-am-bn-cp-¶p-. Cu- km-l-N-cy-¯n-em-Wv 2004Â- Kn-cn-P- Ip-Spw-_-{io-bn-Â- Aw-K-am-Ip-¶-Xv. Ip-Spw-_-{io- kq-£va- kw-cw-`-§--sf Ip-dn-¨-dn-ª--t¸mÄ- ]m-N-Iw- -sN¿p-¶- -tPmen--sb-s´¦n-epw- Xp-S-§m-\m-Wv B-{K-ln-¨-Xv. Im-c-Ww- a--säm¶p-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã-.A-Xn-sâ Iq--sS X-\n-¡pw- F--s´¦n-epw- I-gn-¡m-a--tÃm F-¶p-Å- B-{K-lw-. ]n--s¶ -sshIn-bn-Ã- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Pn-Ãm-an-j-³- -tImÀ-Un--t\ä-À- B-bn-cp-¶- D-j- Ip-am-cn-bm-Wv kq-£va- kw-cw-`-§-fp--sS km-[y-X--sb¡p-dn-¨v Kn-cn-P-bv¡v ]-d-ªp- -sImSp-¯-Xv.

ho-Sn-sâ A-Sp-̄ p-Å- 10 -t]-sc Iq--sS Iq-«n- '{ip-Xn- Im-ä-dnw-Kv kÀ-Æo-kv' Xp-S-§n-. B-Zyw- -sNdn-b- ]-cn-]m -Sn-I-Ä--s¡Ãmw- Nm-b-, Im-¸n-, e-Lp-`-£-Ww- F-¶n-h- -sImSp-̄ p- -sImïm-Wv Xp-S-§n-b-Xv. kw-cw-̀ w- -sa-sÃ ]-̈ - ]n-Sn-̈ p-. Hm-À-U-À- A-\p-kcn-̈ p-Å- ̀ -£-Ww- X-¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xv Kn-cn-P-bp--sS ho-«n-em-Wv. Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§-fm-b- a-äv ]-Xn-\-©p- -t]À- Iq-Sn- Kn-cn-P-bv-s¡m¸-ap-ïv. C-h-À-¡v 400 cq-]- ho-X-am-Wv Zn-h-k -thX-\w-. ]m-N-I-hp-am-bn- \-S-¶- \m-fp-I-fn-Â- X--s¶ Kn-cn-P- -ss{Uhnw-Kv ]-Tn-¨p-. ]m-N-Iw- -sNbvX- `-£-Ww- hm-\n-Â- I-b-än- \n-À-±n-jvT- kvY-e-§-fn-Â- F-¯n-¡p-¶-Xpw- Kn-cn-P- X--s¶.Xn-cp-h-\-´-]p-c-¯v ]-»n-Iv dn--tej-³-kv h-Ip-¸n-sâbpw-, a-äv hn-hn-[- h-Ip-¸p-I-fp--sSbpw- B-`n-ap-Jy-¯n-Â- \-S-¯p-¶- F-Ãm- ]-cn-]m -Sn-bn-epw- Im-ä-dnw-Kn--s\¯p-¶- Kn-cn-P--sbbpw- Iq-«p-Im--scbpw- Im-Wm-³- I-gn-bpw-.

2014 Â- U-Â-ln-bn-Â- kw-L-Sn-̧ n-̈ - C-́ y- C-âvÀ-\m-j-W-Â- -t{SUv -s^b-dn-Â- ]--s¦Sp-̄ - I--t^ Ip-Spw-_-{io- bq-Wn-äp-I-fn-Â- H-¶v Kn-cn-P-bp--sSXm-bn-cp-¶p-. Zm-cn-{Zy-̄ n-sâ F-Ãm- Zp-J-§-fpw-hn-fn--t¨mXp-¶- a-¬-Np-a-cp-Å- ho-«n-Â- \n-¶v \--sÃmcp- ho-Spw- a-äp- ku-I-cy-§-fpw- Kn-cn-P- kz-´-am-¡n- I-gn-ªp-. Xn-cp-h-\-

IpSpw_{io

bph{io (50)sI {KmaoW sNdp-InS kq£va kwcw` ]²Xn (BÀ.-Fw.-C)

kv{Xo/]pcp-j³AbÂ¡q« AwKw/IpSpw-_mwKw

AbÂ¡q« AwK-§Ä

hbÊv 18 þ -45 hbÊv 18 þ -60

hyàn/{Kq¸v hyàn/{Kq¸v

Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-cw-`-§-Ä-

69

I-gn-ªv {]-Xn-am-kw- 15,000/- cq-]- G-¦n-epw- A-[n-I- hcp--am-\w- e-`n-¡-Ww-.

( {]-Xn-h-À-jw- H-cp- e-£w- cq-]- ap-X-Â- 5 e-£w- cq-]- h--sc hn-äv h-c-hv e-£y-an-Sp-¶p-.

( D-S-a---am--t\P-À----sXmgn-em-fn- F-¶n-h-À- H-¶p-X--s¶ B-bn-cn-¡pw-.

ssa-t{Im kw-cw-̀ -§-fp--sS khn--tij-X-I-Ä-

( 5000 cq-]- ap-X-Â- 10,00,000 cq-]-h--sc ap-S-¡p- ap-X-Â- ( hy-àn-K-X-am--tbm, {Kq-¸m--tbm, Zm-cn-{Z- -tcJ-bv¡v Xm--sgbp-Å- Ip-Spw-_-§-fn-Â-s¸«- kw-cw-`-I-À-

( kw-cw-`-I-À-¡v/kw-cw-`-I-\v F-Ãm- Nn-e-hp-I-fpw-

hn-hn-[- -ssa-t{Im kw-cw-`- hmÀjnI [-\- klm-b-§-Ä-

IpSpw-_{io

sSIvt\m-fPn ^ïv

ss{Iknkv amt\-Pvsasâ ^ïv

sSIvt\m-fPn A]v{K-tUj³^ïv

C¶-th-j³ ^ïv dnthmÄhnwKv ^ïv

I½yq-Wnän FâÀss{]-kkv ^ïv

]-en-i- k_vkn-Un-

kq-£va- kw-cw-̀ -§-fp--sS hn-I-k\-̄ n-\m-bn- \n-c-h-[n- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-kvYm-\- an-j-³- \-S-¸m-¡n- h-cp-¶p-. H-¶mw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kv¡q-fn-Â- C-h- \mw- a-\-Ên--em-¡n-b-Xm-Wv. A-h- ho-ïpw- Hm-À-½n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- km-[y-X-I-Ä- ]-c-am-h-[n- {]--tbmP-\--s¸Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\p-am-Wv C-hn--sS ho-ïpw- N-À-̈ - -sN¿p-¶-Xv.

{Km-ao-W- -sNdp-In-S- kq-£va- kw-cw-`- ]-²-Xn- (B-À-.Fw-.C-)Kp-W--t`màm-¡-Ä- $ Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-Ä-

am-\-Ô-§-Ä- $ 18-60 h-b-Êv {]m-b-]-cn-[n-bp-Å- h-\n-X-I-Ä-

(60 h-b-Ên-\p- ap-I-fn-Â- {]m-b-ap-f-f- h-\n-X-I-Ä- B--sW¦n-Â- kw-cw-`w- \-S-¯p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- I-gn-hpw- A-`n-cp-Nn-bpw- D--sï¶v Pn-Ãm-an-j-\v -t_m[y--s¸Sp-¶- ]-£w- A--t]£- {]--tXyI-am-bn- ]-cn-K-Wn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.)

$ Ip-Spw-_-{io-an-j-³- -t\cn--t«m, hn-hn-[- G-P-³-kn-I-Ä- ap--tJ\--tbm \-S-¯p-¶- hn-hn-[- -sshZ-Kv²y- hn-I-k\- ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fn-epw-, C-Un-]n-, -s]À-- t^mÀ-a-³-kv C-³-{]q--sh-saâv -t{]m{Km-ap-I-fn-epw-

]--s¦Sp-¡m-³- k¶-²-X-bp-Å-h-cm-bn-cn-¡-Ww-. $ A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- Aw-K-X-zw- -t\Sn- Ip-d-ª-Xv 6

am-k-sa¦n-epw- ]q-À-¯o-I-cn-¨n-cn-¡-Ww-. $ kw-cw-`- cq-]o-I-c-W-¯n-\p-Å- X-Â-]-c-X-bp-Å-

h-cm-bn-cn-¡-Ww-

-t{]mP-Îv - ]-²-Xn- Xp-I- $ hy-àn-K-X- kw-cw-`w- - 50,000/- cq-]- ap-X-Â- 2.5

e-£w- cq-]- h--sc. c-ï-c- e-£w- cq-]- h--scbp-Å- Xp-I-bp--sS ]-en-i-bv¡p- kam-\-am-bn- ]-en-i- k_v kn-Un- e-`n-¡pw-

$ {Kq-¸v kw-cw-`w- - ]-c-am-h-[n- 10 e-£w- cq-]- h--sc. {Kq-¸v kw-cw-`-¯n-sâ ]-²-Xn- Xp-I- 10 e-£w- cq-]-bn-Â- A-[n-I-cn-¡p-I-bm--sW¦n-Â- kw-cw-`-¯n-sâ B-h-iy-I-X- ]-cn-K-Wn-¨v Pn-Ãm-an-j-\v kw-kvYm-\-an-j-\n--te¡v ip-]m-À-i- -sN¿m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. F-¶m-Â- 10 e-£w- cq-]-h--sc am-{X--ta ]-en-i- k_vkn-Un- e-`n-¡p-I-bp-Åp-.

bp-h-{io- ]-²-Xn- (50 -sI)A-̀ y-kvX-hn-Zy-cm-b- bp-h-Xn- bp-hm-¡-Ä-¡v 50,000 -sXm gn-Â- A-h-kc-§-Ä- kr-ãn-¡p-I--sb¶- D--t±i--t¯mSp- Iq-Sn- B-hn-jvI-cn-¨- ]-²-Xn-bm-Wn-Xv. Ip-Spw-_-{io-

N-À-¨- -sNbvXv ]q-cn-¸n-¡p-I-

70

hy-h-kvY-I-Ä- $ D-ev]m-Z-\- - tkh-\- -taJ-e-bn-ep-Å- hy-àn-K-X-/

{Kq-̧ v kw-cw-̀ -§-Ä-¡v {]-h-À-̄ -\-am-cw-̀ n-̈ v 6 am-k ¡m-e-am-b-Xv (_m-¦v -tem¬- A--sÃ¦n-Â- _-Ô--s¸«- ]-²-Xn- {]-Im-c-ap-Å- kÀ-¡m-À- [-\-klm-bw- e-`n-̈ - Xo-b-Xn-bp--sS A-Sn-kvYm-\-¯n-em-bn-cn-¡pw- 6 am-k¡m-e-b-f-hv I-W-¡m-¡--s¸Sp-¶-Xv).

$ \n-e-hn-ep-Å- kw-cw-`-am--sW¦n-Â- dn--thmÄ-hnw-Kv ^-ïv \-Â-Ip-¶- ka-b-¯v \n-e-hn-ep-Å- Aw-K-§-fp--sS F-®-̄ n-\v B-\p-]m-Xn-I-am-bn- am-{X--ta dn--thmÄ-hnw-Kv ^-ïv \-Â-Ip-I-bp-Åp-.

$ H-cp- kw-cw-̀ -̄ n-\v (hy-àn-K-Xw-/{Kq-̧ v) H-ä-X-h-W- am-{X--ta dn--thmÄ-hnw-Kv ̂ -ïn-\v A-À-l-X-bp-ïm-bn-cn-¡p-I-bp-Åp-

[-\-klm-bw-: $ -taÂ-{]-Xn-]m-Zn-̈ - km-l-N-cy-̄ n-Â- dn--thmÄ-hnw-Kv

^-ïn-\v A-À-l-X-bp-Å- kw-cw-`w-/kw-cw-`- Iq-«m-bva-I-Ä-¡v B-h-iy-am-bn- h-cp-¶- {]-h-À-¯-\- aq-e-[-\-¯n-\v am-{X-am-Wv dn--thmÄ-hnw-Kv ^-ïv A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xv.

$ {Kq-¸v kw-cw-`w-: \n-e-hn-ep-Å- kw-cw-`-¯n-sâ b-Ym-À-°- -t{]mP-Îv dn--t¸mÀ-«v A-\p-kcn-¨p-Å- Xp-I-bp--sS 40% ]-c-am-h-[n- H-cp- {Kq-¸n-\v 40000/- cq-]-bm-Wv (G-Xm--tWm Ip-d-hv) dn--thmÄ-hnw-Kv ^-ïm-bn- A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xv.

$ hy-àn-K-X- kw-cw-̀ w-: \n-e-hn-ep-Å- kw-cw-̀ -̄ n-sâ b-Ym-À-°- -t{]mP-Îv dn--t¸mÀ-«v A-\p-kcn-̈ p-Å- Xp-I-bp--sS 20% ]-c-am-h-[n- 10000/- cq-]- cq-]-bm-Wv (G-Xm--tWm Ip-d-hv) dn--thmÄ-hnw-Kv ^-ïm-bn- A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xv.

C-¶--thj-³ ^-ïv $ \q-X-\- B-i-b- kw-cw-`-§-Ä-¡v k_vkn-Un--tbm-

sSm¸w- C-¶--thj-³- ^-ïv e-`y-am-¡mw-. $ \n-e-hn-ep-Å- kw-cw-`-am--sW¦n-Â- \q-X-\-am-b- am-

ä-§-Ä- h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn-\v (Ip-d-ª-Xv H-cp- h-À-j-¡m-e-am-bn- {]-h-À-̄ n-̈ p--sImïn-cn-¡p-¶-h-bv¡v).

$ H-cp- kw-cw-̀ -̄ n-\v (hy-àn-K-Xw-/{Kq-̧ v) H-ä-X-h-W- am-{X--ta C-¶--thj-³- ^-ïn-\v A-À-l-X-bp-ïm-bn-cn-¡p-I-bp-Åp-.

-tbmKy-Xm- am-\-Z-WvUw-: $ Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS {Km-ao-W- kq-£va- kw-cw-`- hn-

I-k\- ]-²-Xn- (B-À-.Fw-.C-) {]-Im-c--tam, bp-h-{io- ]-²-Xn- {]-Im-c--tam B-cw-`n-¨-/hy-àn-K-X-/{Kq-¸v kw-cw-`-§-Ä-

$ ]-©m-b-¯n-sâ ¹m-³- ^-ïv, en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-, -tI{µm-hn-jvIr-X- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä- ap--tJ\- ̂ -ïvv e-̀ y-am-¡n- B-cw-`n-¨-Xpw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§-Ä- \-S-¯p-¶-Xp-am-b- kw-cw-`-§-Ä-.

bn--se a-äp- -sNdp-In-S- kq-£va- kw-cw-`-§--sf-t¸m-se X--s¶bm-Wv ]-en-i- k_vkn-Un-bpw- a-äp- A-\p-Iq-ey-§-fpw-.

kv{Xo-I-Ä- am-{X--tam, ]p-cp-j-·m-À- am-{X--tam, ]p-cp-j-·m-cpw- kv{Xo-I-fpw- Iq-Sn--tNÀ--t¶m bq-Wn-äp-I-Ä- B-cw-`n-¡mw-. ]p-cp-j-·m-À- -t\cn-«v A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- C--sÃ¦n-epw-, A-h-cp--sS Ip-Spw-_mw-K-§-Ä- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- D-ïm-bn-cn--t¡ï-Xm-Wv. {]-kvXp-X- Aw-Kw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-̄ n-Â- Aw-K-X-zw- -t\Sn- Ip-d-ª-Xv 6 am-k-sa¦n-epw- ]q-À-̄ o-I-cn-̈ n-cn-¡-Ww-. $ 18-\pw- 45 \pw- C-S-bv¡v {]m-bw- $ A-b-Â-¡q-«- Ip-Spw-_mw-K-§-Ä- (kv{Xo-/]p-cp-j-³-/

an-IvkUv {Kq-¸v) $ hy-àn-K-Xw-/ {Kq-¸v B-Imw- $ Ip-Spw-_-{io-an-j-³- -t\cn--t«m, hn-hn-[- G-P-³-kn-

I-Ä- ap--tJ\--tbm \-S-¯p-¶- hn-hn-[- -sshZ-Kv²y- hn-I-k\- ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fn-epw-, C-Un-]n-, -s]À--t^m a-³-kv C-³-{]q--sh-saâv -t{]m{Km-ap-I-fn-epw- ]--s¦Sp-¡m-³- k¶-²-X- D-Å-h-cm-bn-cn-¡-Ww-.

N-À-¨m- kq-N-I-§-Ä-H-¶mw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kv¡q-fn-Â- kq-£va- kw-cw-`- ]-²-Xn-I--sf¡p-dn-¨- \-½-Ä- a-\-Ên-em-¡n-bn-cp-¶p-. $ G--sXÃmw- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä- A-b-Â-¡q-«w- \-S-̧ n-em-¡n-? $ kw-cw-`-I-X-z-¯n--te¡v h-cm-³- F-{X- -t]À- X-¿m-

dm-bn-? $ C-{X-b-[n-Iw- ]n-´p-W- \-Â-In-bn-«pw- F-´p--

sImïm-Wv h-\n-X-I-Ä- kw-cw-`- {]-h-À-¯-\-¯n-\m-bn- ap--t¶m«p- h-cm-¯-Xv?

$ A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-\v B-cw-`n-¡m-³- I-gn-bp-¶- kw-cw-`-I- B-i-b-§-Ä- ]-«n-I--s¸Sp-¯p-I-.

Ip-Spw-_-{io- kq-£va- kw-cw-`-§-Ä-¡m-bp-Å- hn-hn-[- km-¼-¯n-I- klm-b-§-Ä-

kw-cw-`- {]-h-À-¯-\-§--sf -t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn- \pw- kw-cw-`-I-cp--sS km-¼-¯n-I- `m-cw- e-Lq-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-am-bn- \n-c-h-[n- ]n-´p-Wm- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä- Ip-Spw-_-{io- \-S-¸n-em-¡n- h-cp-¶p-. A-h- Np-h--sS -tNÀ-¡p-¶p-.

dn--thmÄ-hnw-Kv ^-ïv-tbmKy-Xm- am-\-Z-WvUw-: $ Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS {Km-ao-W- kq-£va- kw-cw-`- hn-

I-k\- ]-²-Xn- (B-À-.Fw-.C-) {]-Im-c--tam, bp-h-{io- ]-²-Xn- {]-Im-c--tam B-cw-`n-¨- hy-àn-K-X-/{Kq-¸v kw-cw-`-§-Ä-

$ ]-©m-b-¯n-sâ ¹m-³- ^-ïv, en--t¦Pv hm-bv]-, -tI{µm-hn-jvIr-X- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä- ap--tJ\- ̂ -ïv e-̀ y-am-¡n- B-cw-`n-¨-Xpw-, dn--thmÄ-hnw-Kv ^-ïv e-`y-am-¡n-bn-«n-Ãm-¯-Xpw-, F-Ãmw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§-Ä- B-bn-«p-Å-Xp-am-b- kw-cw-`-§-Ä-.

71

-ss{Ikn-kv am--t\Pv-saâv ^-ïn-eq--sS {]-[m-\-am-bn- e-£y-an-Sp-¶-Xv. kw-cw-`-§-Ä-¡v hy-h-kvY-I-Ä-¡v hn--t[b-am-bn- -ss{Ikn-kv am--t\Pv-saâv ^-ïv e-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v A-À-l-X-bp-ïv. hy-àn-K-X- kw-cw-`-§-Ä-¡v c-ïv e-£w- cq-]-bpw- {Kq-¸v kw-cw-`-§-Ä-¡v aq-¶-c- e-£w- cq-]-bpw- A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. C-{]-Im-cw- A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶- Xp-I- B-dv am-k¯n-\-Iw- Pn-Ãm- an-j-\n-Â- Xn-cn-¨-S-bv¡-Ww-. c-ïmw- L-«- [-\-klm-bw-hy-h-kvY-I-Ä-: $ \n-e-hn-ep-Å-Xpw- F-¶m-Â- Ip-d-ª-Xv aq-¶p- h-À-j-

¡m-e-am-bn- {]-h-À-̄ n-̈ p--sImïn-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-am-b- kw-cw-̀ -§-Ä-¡v X-§-fp--sS kw-cw-̀ - -taJ-e- hn-]p- e--s¸Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\pw- Iq-Sp-X-Â- D-Xv]-¶-§-Ä-/tkh-\-§-Ä- e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw-

$ aq-¶p- h-À-j-¯n--te-sd Im-e-am-bn- {]-h-À-¯n-¨p- h-cp-¶-Xpw- F-¶m-Â- A-kw-kvIr-X- h-kvXp-¡-fp--sS e-`y-X-¡p-d-hv, hn-]-Wn-bn-ep-ïm-b- A-{]-Xo-£n-X-am-b- C-Sn-hv Xp-S-§n- kw-cw-`-I-cp--sS \n-b-{ -́W-̄ n-\p-hn--t[b-a-Ãm-̄ - Im-c-W-§-fm-Â- {]-Xn-kÔn- -t\cn-Sp-¶-Xp-am-b- kw-cw-`-§-Ä-¡v hn-P-b-km-²y-X-bp-Å- \q-X-\- -taJ-e-I-fn--tebv¡v kw-cw-`w- am-äp-¶-Xn-\pw-

$ H-cp- kw-cw-`-¯n-\v (hy-àn-K-Xw-/{Kq-¸v) H-ä-X-h-W- am-{X--ta c-ïmw- L-«- [-\-klm-b-¯n-\v A-À-l-X-bp-ïm-bn-cn-¡p-I-bp-Åp-.

[-\-klm-bw-: $ ]p-Xn-b- -t{]mP-În-sâ ]-²-Xn- Xp-I-bp--sS 40% (H-cp-

kw-cw-`-I-bv¡v (\v) 50,000/- cq-]- F-¶- \n-c-¡n-Â- kw-cw-`-I-cp--sS F-®-¯n-\v B-\p-]m-Xn-I-am-bn- ]-c-am-h-[n- 5,00,000/-cq-]- F-¶o- ]-cn-[n-I-Ä-¡v hn--t[b-am-bn-) c-ïmw- L-«- [-\-klm-bw- A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. C-Xn-\p-]p-d--ta -thïn-h-cp-¶- Xp-I- _m-¦v hm-bv]-, Kp-W--t`màr- hn-ln-Xw-, a-äp- [-\--t{kmX-Êp-I-Ä- Xp-S-§n-b-h-bn-eq--sS I--sï-t¯ï-Xm-Wv.

$ ]p-Xp-Xm-bn- X-¿m-dm-¡p-¶- -t{]mP-În-sâ ]-²-Xn- Xp-I- hy-àn-K-X- kw-cw-̀ w- B--sW¦n-Â- 2,00,000/- cq-]-bpw- {Kq-¸v kw-cw-`-am--sW¦n-Â- 12,00,000/- cq-]-bpw- A-[n-I-cn-¡m-³- ]m-Sp-Å-X-Ã-.

{]-Xym-i- ]-²-Xn-kaq-l-¯n--se ]m-À-i-z-h-Â-¡-cn-¡--s¸«- Z-cn-{Z- P-\-hn-`m-K-§-fn-Â- D-Ä--s¸Sp-¶- A-i-c-W-À-, hr-²-À-, ̀ n-¶-enw-K-¡m-À-, Km-À-ln-I- ]o-U-\-¯n-\pw- A-Xn-{I-a-§-Ä-¡pw- C-c-bm-b-h-À-, A-hn-hm-ln-X-cm-b- A-½-am-À-, In-S-̧ p--tcmKn-I-Ä-/am-\-kn-I- -shÃp-hn-fn-I-Ä- -t\cn-Sp-¶-h-À-/A-h-cp--sS kw-c-£-I-À-, hn-[-h-I-Ä-, B-{i-b- Kp-W--t`màm-¡-Ä-, hn-I-emw-K-À-, _-Uvkv kvIq-Ä- Ip-«n-I-fp--sS A-½-am-À- F-¶o- hn-̀ m-K-§-fn-Â--s¸«- kv{Xo-I-fm-Wv Cu- ]-²-Xn-bp--sS Kp-W--t`màm-¡-Ä-. hy-àn-K-X- kw-cw-`w- B-cw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v ]-c-am-h-[n- 50,000/-

[-\-klm-bw-: ]p-Xn-b- kw-cw-`-am--sW¦n-Â- k_vkn-Un-bpw- C-¶--thj-³- ̂ -ïpw- D-Ä-̧ --sS -sam¯w- -t{]mP-Îv Xp-I-bp--sS 50% Â- A-[n-I-cn-¡m-³- ]m-Sp-Å-X-Ã-. \n-e-hn-ep-Å- kw-cw-`-am--sW¦n-Â- -t{]mP-În-Â- h-cp-¯m-³- D--t±in-¡p-¶- \q-X-\-am-b- am-ä-§-Ä-¡v B-h-iy-am-b- Xp-I-bp--sS 40% (H-cp- Ip-Spw-_-¯n-\v 35,000/- cq-]-, B--sI 3,50,000/-cq-]- F-¶o- ]-cn-[n-I-Ä-¡v hn--t[b-am-bn-) C-¶--thj-³- ^-ïv A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. C-Xn-\p-]p-d--ta -thïn-h-cp-¶- Xp-I- _m-¦v hm-bv]-, Kp-W--t`màr- hn-ln-Xw-, a-äp- [-\--t{kmX-Êp-I-Ä- Xp-S-§n-b-h-bn-eq--sS I--sï-t¯ï-Xm-Wv.

-sSIv-t\mf-Pn- ^-ïvhy-h-kvY-I-Ä- $ \n-e-hn-ep-Å-Xpw-, I-gn-ª- B-dp- am-k¡m-

e-am-bn- hn-P-b-I-c-am-bn- {]-h-À-¯n-¨p- h-cp-¶-Xpw- F-¶m-Â- -sSIv-t\mf-Pn- ^-ïv e-`y-am-¡m-¯-Xp-am-b- kw-cw-`-§-Ä- (_m-¦v hm-bv]- A--sÃ¦n-Â- _-Ô--s¸«- ]-²-Xn- {]-Im-c-ap-Å- kÀ-¡m-À- [-\-klm-bw- e-̀ n-̈ - Xo-b-Xn-bp--sS A-Sn-kvYm-\-̄ n-em-bn-cn-¡pw- aq-¶p- h-À-j-¡m-e-b-f-hv I-W-¡m-¡p-¶-Xv)

$ \n-e-hn-Â- {]-h-À-̄ n-̈ p- h-cp-¶- {Kq-̧ v kw-cw-̀ w- B--sW¦n-Â-, -sSIv-t\mf-Pn- ̂ -ïn-\v A--t]£- \-ÂIp-¶- ka-b-̄ v {Kq-̧ v cq-]o-I-c-W- ka-b-̄ p-ïm-bn-cp-¶- A-{X-bpw- Aw-K-§-Ä- \n-e-hn-en--sÃ¦n-Â-, \n-e-hn-ep-Å- Aw-K-§-fp--sS F-®-¯n-\v B-\p -]m-Xn-I-am-bn- am-{X--sa [-\-klm-bw- A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-I-bp-Åp-. (Ip-d-ª-Xv aq-¶p- Aw-K-§--sf¦n-epw- {Kq-̧ n-Â- kPo-h-am-bn- D-ïm-bn-cn-¡-W--sa¶- \n-_-Ô-\-bv¡v hn--t[b-am-bn-).

$ D-Xv]m-Z-\-/tkh-\- -taJ-e-bn--se hy-àn-K-X-/{Kq-¸v kw-cw-`-§-Ä-

$ H-cp- kw-cw-`-¯n-\v -sSIv-t\mf-Pn- ^-ïn-\v H-ä-X-h-W- am-{X--ta A-À-l-X-bp-ïm-bn-cn-¡p-I-bp-Åp-.

[-\-klm-bw-: kw-cw-`w- hm-§m-³- D--t±in-¡p-¶- km--t¦Xn-I- hn-Zy-, b-{´-km-a-{Kn-I-Ä-, A-\p-_-Ô- D-]-I-c-W-§-Ä- (`q-an-, -sI«n-Sw- H-gn--sI) F-¶n-h-bp--sS -sNe-hn-sâ 40% (H-cp- kw-cw-`-I-bv¡v (\v) 50,000/- cq-]- F-¶- \n-c-¡n-Â- kw-cw-̀ -I-cp--sS F-®-̄ n-\v B-\p-]m-Xn-I-am-bn- ]-c-am-h-[n- 5,00,000/-cq-]- F-¶o- ]-cn-[n-I-Ä-¡v hn--t[b-am-bn-) -sSIv-t\mf-Pn- ̂ -ïv A-\p-h-Zn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. C-Xn-\p-]p-d--ta -thïn-h-cp-¶- Xp-I- _m-¦v hm-bv]-, Kp-W--t`màr- hn-ln-Xw-, a-äp- [-\--t{kmX-Êp-I-Ä- Xp-S-§n-b-h-bn-eq--sS I--sï-t¯ï-Xm-Wv.

-ss{Ikn-kv am--t\Pv-saâv ^-ïv{]-Xn-kÔn- -t\cn-Sp-¶- kq-£va- kw-cw-̀ -§-Ä-¡v ]-en-i- c-ln-X- {l-kz-Im-e- hm-bv]- {]-[m-\w- -sN¿p-I-bm-Wv

72

$ A--t]£- A-b-Â-¡q-«w- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨v F-.Un-.F-Ên-\pw- F-.Un-.F-kv. Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨v kn-.Un-.F-Ên- \pw- \-Â-I-Ww-.

$ B-cw-̀ n-̈ v B-dp- am-k-sa¦n-epw- ]q-À-̄ n-bm-¡n-b- kw-cw-`-§-Ä-¡v A--t]£n-¡mw-.

$ (Pn-Ã-bn--se -sXc--sªSp-¯- an-I-¨- kn-Un-F-Êp-I-Ä-¡m-Wv Cu- Xp-I- A-\p-h-Zn-¨n-«p-Å-Xv).

A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-fn-Â- F-{X- -t]À-¡v ap-I-fn-Â- {]-Xn- ]m-Zn-̈ n-cn-¡p-¶- km-¼-̄ n-I- ]n-́ p-W- e-̀ y-am-bn-«p-ïv? e-`n-¨n-«n-Ãm--sb¦n-Â- Im-c-Ww- F-´v? N-À-¨- -sN¿p-I-.

kq-£va- kw-cw-̀ -hpw- hn-]-W-\- ]n-́ p-W-bpw-Ip-Spw-_-{io- D-ev]-¶-§-fp--sS hn-]-W-\-̄ n-\pw- {]-N-c-W-¯n-\p-am-bn- hn-]p-e-am-b- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fm-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io- \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-Xv. A-h- F--s´Ãm--sa¶v Np-h--sS -tNÀ-¡p-¶p-. .

Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-cw-`-§-Ä-¡v hn-]-W-\m-h-kc-§-Ä- e-̀ y-am-¡n- kw-cw-̀ -§-Ä-¡v {I-am-\p-K-X- h-cp-am-\- h-À-²-\-hpw- h-f-À-̈ -bpw- km-[y-am-¡p-I-, kw-cw-̀ -I-À-¡v hn-]-Wn- km-[y-X-I-fpw- D-]--t`màr- Xm-Â-]-cy-§-fpw- a-\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn-\v A-h-kc-§-Ä- \-Â-In- D-Â-¸-¶- hn-I-k\-¯n-\pw- -sshhn-[y-h-Â-¡-c-W-¯n- \pw- -ssI¯m-§v \-Â-Ip-I- F-¶n-h-bm-Wv 'am-À-¡-änw-Kv' -sImïv e-£y-am-¡p-¶-Xv. D-Â-̧ -¶- hn-]-W-\- -taf-I-Ä- kw-L-Sn-̧ n-¡p-I-, kvYn-cw- hn-]-W-\- -tI{µ-§-Ä- Xp-S-§p-I-bpw- \n-e-hn-ep-Å- a-äp- h-Ip-¸p-I-fp--tSbpw- -s]m Xp- kvYm-]-\-§-fp--tSbpw- hn-]-W-\- -tI{µ-§-fn-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- D-Â-¸-¶-§-Ä- hn-Â-¸-\-¡m-bn- F-¯n-¡p-I-, Hm-¬--sse³- hn-]-W-\w- -sa¨--s¸Sp-¯p-I-, Pn-Ã-/kw-kvYm-\- X-e-¯n-Â- D-Â-¸-¶--kw-`-c-W--hn-X-c-W- irw-J-e- hn-I-kn-̧ n-¡p-I- F-¶n-h-bm-Wv {]-[m-\-am-bpw- \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶- am-À-¡-änw-Kv {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-.

D-Â-¸-¶- hn-]-W-\- -taf-I-Ä-

1. s^bdpIÄam-kN-´-Hm--tcm -t»m¡n-epw- {Kma \-K-c- X--t±i- kz-bw-`-c-W- {]--tZi-¯pw- -sXc--sªSp-¡--s¸«- kn-Un-F-Êp-I-Ä- ap--tJ\- am-kw--tXmdpw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- D-ev]-¶-§-fp--sS hn-]-W-\-¯n-\p-Å- -thZn--sbmcp-¡p-I-bm-Wv am-kN-´-bn-eq--sS -sN¿p-¶-Xv. C-Xn-sâ \-S-¯n-¸v Np-a-X-e- -sXc--sªSp-¡--s¸«- kn-Un-F-Êp-I-Ä-¡m-bn-cn-¡pw-. C-Xn-sâ \-S-¯n-¸n-\m-bn- {Km-ao-W--taJ-e-bv¡v 4000 cq-]-bpw-, ap-³-kn-¸m-en-än-¡v 10,000 cq-]-bpw-, -tImÀ-¸--tdj-\v 15000 cq-]-bpw- ho-Xw- Pn-Ãm- an-j-³- \-Â-Ipw-. am-kN-́ -bn-Â- ]--s¦Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- D-Â-̧ -¶- -taJ-e-bn--se kw-cw-`-I-À- A-Xm-Xv kn-Un-F-Êp-I-fp-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸-tSï-Xm-Wv.

`-£y--taf-Ip-Spw-_-{io- Im-ä-dnw-Kv bq-Wn-äp-I-fp--sS cp-Nn--s¸cp-a- -temI--s¯b-dn-bn-¡m-³- hn-hn-[- am-[y-a- -taf-I--tfmS-\p-

cq-]- {]-Xym-i- kväm-À-«v A-]v ̂ -ïm-bn- e-̀ n-¡pw-. {Kq-̧ v kw-cw-`-¯n-\p- H-cw-K-¯n-\v 50,000/- cq-]- F-¶- \n-e-bn-Â- ]-c-am-h-[n- 2.5e-£w- cq-]- e-`n-¡pw-.

kväm-À-«v A-]v ^-ïv]m-À-i-z-h-Â-Ir-X- kaq-l-¯n-Â- \n-¶p-Å- Aw-K-§-Ä- A-S-§p-¶- {Kq-¸p-I-Ä-¡v {]--tXyI-am-bn- A-\p-h-Zn-bv¡p-¶- km-¼-¯n-I- klm-b-am-Wv kväm-À-«v A-]v ^-ïv. _m-¦n-Â- \n-¶pw- hm-bv]- e-`n-¡m-³- km-[y-X-bn-Ãm-¯- hn-`m-K-§-Ä-¡pw- (Xo-c--tZiw-, ]-«n-I-h-À-¤w-, h--tbmP-\w-, am-\-kn-I- -shÃp-hn-fn-I-Ä- -t\cn-Sp-¶-h-À-, {Sm-³-kv -sP³-U-À- ap-X-em-b-h-À-) -s]-s«¶p-ïm-Ip-¶- km-l-N-cy--tam B-h-iy-I-X--tbm ]-cn-K-Wn-¨v cq]o-I-cn-¡p-¶- bq-Wn-äp-I-Ä-¡pw- (hm-bv]- e-`n-¡m- \pw- A-\p-_-Ô- \-S-]-Sn-{I-a-§-Ä- ]m-en-¡m-\pw- Im-e-Xm-a-kw- -t\cn-Sp-¶- km-l-N-cy-¯n-Â-) kväm-À-«v A-]v

-̂ïm-bn- 50,000/- cq-]- [-\-klm-b-am-bn- F-Ivkn-Iyp-«o-hv U-b-d-Î-À-¡v A-\p-h-Zn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

Xo-c--tZi--taJ-e-bv¡m-bp-Å- {]--tXyI- ]-²-Xn-

Xo-c--tZi- -taJ-e-bn-Â- B-cw-`n-bv¡p-¶- kw-cw-`-§-Ä-¡v hy-àn-K-X- bq-Wn-äp-I-Ä-¡v C-Xp-{]-Im-cw- ]-²-Xn- Xp-I-bp--sS 75% ]-c-am-h-[n- H-cp- e-£w- cq-]-h--scbpw- {Kq-¸v kw-cw-`-§-Ä-¡v ]-²-Xn- Xp-I-bp--sS 75% ]-c-am-h-[n- A-©p- e-£w- cq-]-h--scbpw- aq-e-[-\- k_vkn-Un-bm-bn- A-\p-h-Zn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

I-½yq-Wn-än- F-â-Àss{]kkv ̂ -ïv (kn-.C-.F-^v.)-tZio-b- {Km-ao-W- D-]-Po-h-\- an-j-sâ Io-gn-Â- -sXc--sªSp-¡--s¸«- {Km-a-{]--tZi-§-fn--se Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-cw-`-I-À-¡v (hy-¡n-K-Xw-/{Kq-¸v) \n-e-hn-ep-Å- I-½yq-Wn-än- C-³--shkväv-saâv ^-ïv ]-cn-jvI-cn-¨v e-Lp- kw-cw-̀ -§-fp-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸«- D-]-Po-h-\- B-h-iy-§-Ä-¡p- am-{X-am-bn- Xp-I- hm-bv]-bm-bn- e-`y-am-¡p-¶p-.

$ \n-e-hn-ep-Å- kw-cw-̀ -§-fp--sS hn-]p-eo-I-c-W-̄ n-

\v B-h-iy-am-b- aq-e-[-\- km-a-{Kn-I-fp--sS kam-l-c-W-hpw-, {]-h-À-̄ -\- aq-e-[-\- kam-l-c-W-hpw-

$ Ir-jn- A-\p-_-Ô-/Im-À-jn--tIX-c- kw-cw-`-§-Ä-¡v B-h-iy-am-b- aq-e-[-\w-

$ hy-àn-K-X- kw-cw-̀ -§-Ä-¡v ]-c-am-h-[n- 50,000/- cq-]-bpw- {Kq-¸v kw-cw-`-§-Ä-¡v ]-c-am-h-[n- 1,50,000/- cq-]-bpw-

$ kw-cw-`-I-À-¡v e-`n-¡p-¶- hm-bv]- H-cp- Im-c-W-h-im-epw- 4% hm-À-jn-I- ]-en-i-bn-Â- Iq-Sm-³- ]m- Sp-Å-X-Ã-. Xn-cn-¨-S-hv Im-em-h-[n- ]-c-am-h-[n- 24 am-kam-bn-cn-¡pw- .

$ kw-cw-̀ -§-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- e-̀ n-¡p-¶- ]-en-i- A-b-Â-¡q-«w-, F-.Un-.F-kv., kn-.Un-.F-kv. F-¶n-h-À-¡v 10%, 15%, 75% F-¶- \n-c-¡n-Â- ̀ m-Kn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.

73

Un-.F-kv Hm-ô-kp-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸«v D-Â-¸-¶-§-Ä- -t\cn--t«m/Fw-C-kn- am-À- ap--tJ\--sb G-ä-hpw- A-Sp-¯p-Å- \m--t\m am-À-¡-än-Â- hn-Â-̧ -\-bv¡m-bn- F-̄ n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

an-\n- kq-¸-À- am-À-¡-äp-I-Ä- (Ip-Spw-_-{io- _-km-À-)Hm--tcm Pn-Ã-bn-epw- kw-cw-`-I-cp--sS I-¬-tkmÀ-jyw- cq-]o-I-cn-¨v I-¬-tkmÀ-jy-¯n-sâ -t\Xr-X-z-¯n-Â- an-\n- kq-¸-À-am-À-¡-äp-I-Ä- (_-km-À-) kvYm-]n-¡p-hm -\pw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- Aw-K-§-fp--sS kq-£va- kw-cw-`-§-fp--sS D-Â-]-¶-§-Ä-¡v hn-]-W-\- am-À-¤w- D-ïm-¡p-hm-\p-am-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io- _-km-À- e-£y-an-Sp-¶-Xv. Xm-Â-]-cy-ap-Å- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-cw-`-I-À-¡v Pn-Ãm-X-e- I-¬-tkmÀ-jy-¯n-Â- Aw-K-X-z--saSp-¯p--sImïv C-Xn-Â- ]-¦m-fn-I-fm-Imw-. am-À-¡-änw-Kv In--tbmkvIp-I-Ä-hn--t\mZ- k©m-c- -tI{µ-§-fn-epw- a-äv {]-[m-\- hn-]-W-\- -tI{µ-§-fn-epw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- e-Lp- kw-cw-`-I-cp--sS hn-hn-[- D-Â-¸-¶-§-Ä- ]-cn-N-b--s¸Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\pw- hn-]-W-\w- \-S-¯p-¶-Xn-\pw- -thïn- kvYm-]n- ¡p-¶- In--tbmkvIp-I-fm-Wv am-À-¡-änw-Kv In--tbmkv¡v. In--tbmkvIp-I-Ä- kvYm-]n-¡p-¶-Xn-sâ Np-a-X-e- A-Xm-Xv Pn-Ãm-an-j-\p-I-Ä-¡m-bn-cn-¡pw-. In--tbmkvIp-I-fp--sS \-S-¯n-¸v Np-a-X-e-bpw- a-äv D-¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-§-fpw- In--tbmkvIv D-Ä--s¸Sp-¶- kn-.Un-.F-Ên-\m-bn-cn-¡pw-.

kw--tbmPn-X- hn-]-W-\- -tI{µ-§-Ä--tlmÀ-«n--tImÀ-¸v, -sIbn--tIm, k-ss¹-tIm Xp-S-§n- kÀ-¡m-À-/A-À-²- kÀ-¡m-À-, -s]mXp--taJ-e- kvYm-]-\-§-Ä- \-S-¯p-¶- hn-]-W-\- -tI{µ-§-fn-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- D-Â-¸-¶-§-Ä-¡m-bn- {]--tXyI- hn-`m-Kw- C-̄ -cw- h-Ip-̧ p-I-fp-am-bn- -tNÀ-¶v Ip-Spw-_-{io- Pn-Ã-/kw-kvYm-\- an-j-³- H-cp-¡n-bn-«p-ïv. h-f--scb-[n-Iw- hn-Â-̧ -\- km-[y-X-bp-Å- C-̄ -cw- hn-]-W-\- -tI{µ-§-fn-Â- \-Ã- Kp-W-ap-Å-Xpw- \n-e-hm-c-ap-Å- ]m-¡nw-Kv, -te_-enw-Kv D-f-f-Xp-am-b- Ip-Spw-_-{io- D-Â-¸-¶-§-Ä-¡v \-Ã- hn-]-Wn- e-`n-¡pw-. kw-cw-`-I-À- A-Xm-Xv Pn-Ãm- an-j-\p-I-fp-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸«v C-¯-cw- kvYm-]-\-§-fn-Â- D-Â-¸-¶-§-Ä- hn-]-W-\-¯n-\m-bn- F-¯n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

3. \q-X-\- hn-]-W-\- -am-À-¤w-Hm-¬--sse³- am-À-¡-änw-KvIp-Spw-_-{io- h-\n-Xm- kw-cw-`-I-cp--sS D-Â-]-¶-§-Ä- Hm-¬--sse³- hn-]-Wn-bn-Â- e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\v www.kudumbashreebazar.com F-¶- -t]cn-Â- H-cp- C---tIm-tagvkv -t]mÀ-«-Â- {]-h-À-¯n-¨p- h-cp-¶p-. Ip-Spw-_-{io- -t]mÀ-«-Â- h-gn- D-Â-]-¶- e-̀ y-X-, Iq-Sp-X-Â- km-aq-ly- P-\-{]n- b-X-, D-]--t`màr- h-À-²-\-hv F-¶n- D-d-¸m-¡p-¶-Xn- \pw- Iq-Sp-X-Â- hn-]-W-\w- D-d-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn- \pw- kw-kvYm-\- an-j-³- {i-an-¨p-h-cp-¶p-. kw-cw-`-I-À- Pn-Ãm-an-j-\p-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸«v A-h-cp--sS D-ev]-¶-§-Ä-

_-Ôn-̈ pw- {]m--tZin-I- D-Â-kh-§--tfmS-\p-_-Ôn-̈ pw- -t\cn-«pw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- ̀ -£y--taf-I-Ä- \-S-¯n-h-cp-¶p-. C-̄ -cw- -taf-I-fn-Â- ]--s¦Sp-¡p-¶- I--t^ bq-Wn-äp-I--sf -sXc--sªSp-¡p-¶-Xv Pn-Ãm-an-j-\m-Wv. -taf-bn--se hn-äp- h-c-hn-sâ 20% Xp-I- Hm--tcm bq-Wn-äpw- Ip-Spw-_-{io-bn-Â- A-S-bv-t¡ï-Xm-Wv. Xm-Xv]-cy-ap-Å- Im-ä-dnw-Kv bq-Wn-äp-I-Ä-¡v Pn-Ãm-an-j--s\ kao-]n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

kv-s]jy-Â- -s{SbvUv -s^b-À- {]m--tZin-I- ]-cn-]m-Sn-I--tfmS-\p-_-Ôn-¨pw- D-Õh-§--tfmS-\p-_-Ôn-¨pw- \-S-¯p-¶- {]--tXyI- -taf-I-fm-Wv kv-s]jy-Â- -s{SbvUv -s^b-dp-I-Ä-. Ip-Spw-_-{io-bp--sS D-Â-¸-¶-§-Ä- {]-Z-À-in-¸n-¡p-¶- D-ev]¶- kväm -fp-I-fpw- ̀ -£y- -taf-I-fpw- kv-s]jy-Â- -s{SbvUv -s^b-dp-I-fn-Â- kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p-. ]--s¦Sp-¡m-³- Xm-Xv]-cy-ap-Å- Ip-Spw-_-{io- kw-cw-`-I-À- Pn-Ãm-an-j-\p-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸-tSï-Xm-Wv

Hm-W-N-´-I-Ä-Hm-W--t¯mS-\p-_-Ôn-¨v 1052 kn-.Un-.F-Êp-I-fn-epw-, Pn-Ãm-X-e-¯n-epw- Hm-W-N-´-I-Ä- \-S-¯n-h-cp-¶p-. Hm-W-¯n--t\mS-\p-_-Ôn-¨p-Å- Zn-h-k§-fn-em-bn-cn-¡pw- Hm-W-N-´-I-Ä- \-S-¡p-¶-Xv. Hm-W-N-´-I-fp--sS kw-Lm-S-\-¯n-Â- {]-[m-\- ]-¦v h-ln-¡p-¶-Xv kn-.Un-.F-Êm-Wv. Xm-Â-]-cy-ap-Å- kw-cw-`-I-À-¡v kn-.Un-.F-kp-I--sf kao-]n-¡mw-. Hm-W-N-́ -bn-Â- ]-¦m-fn-¯w- ]q-À-®- ku-P-\y-am-bn-cn-¡pw-.

kc-kv -s^b-À--tI{µ- {Km-a-hn-I-k\- a-{´m-e-b-̄ n-sâ klm-b--t¯m-sS hn-hn-[- kw-kvYm-\-§-fp--sS B-`n-ap-Jy-¯n-Â- \-S-¯p-¶-h-bm-Wv kc-kv -s^b-dp-I-Ä-. kw-kvYm-\-¯n-\p-Ån-Â- H-cp- km-¼-¯n-I- h-À-j-¯n-Â- c-ïv kc-kv -s^b-dp-I-Ä- \-S-¯n-h-cp-¶p-. C-Xn-\p- ]p- d--ta A-\y-kw-kvYm-\-§-Ä- kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶- 30 Hm-fw- kc-Êv -s^b-dp-I-fn-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- ]--s¦Sp-¡p-¶p-ïv. I-c-I-u-i-e- D-ev]-¶-§-Ä-, Xp-Wn-¯-c-§-Ä-, -̀£y- D-ev]-¶-§-Ä-, hn-hn-[-bn-\w--s]mSn-I-Ä- Xp-S-§n-b-

D-ev]-¶-§-Ä- kc-kv-taf-I-fn-Â- {]-Z-À-i-\-¯n-\m-bpw- hn-ev]-\-bv¡m-bpw- -sImïp--t]mIp-¶p-ïv. I--t^{io- ^p-Uvkväm-fpw- kc-kv -taf-bn-Â- kw-L-Sn-̧ n-¡m-dp-ïv. kc-kv -taf-bn-Â- ]--s¦Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- kw-cw-`-I-À- A-Xm-Xv Pn-Ãm-an-j-\p-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸-tSï-Xm-Wv.kvYn-cw- hn-]-W-\- -tI{µ-§-Ä-

2. kvYn-cw- hn-]-W-\- -tI{µw-\m--t\m am-À-¡-ävIp-Spw-_-{io- D-ev]¶-§-Ä- {]-Z-À-in-¸n-¡p-I-bpw- hn-]-W-\w- \-S-¯p-I-bpw- -sN¿p-¶- H-cp- -sjÂ-^v kv-t]bvkm-Wv \m--t\mam-À-¡-äv. -s]mXp-P-\-{i-²- e-̀ n-¡p-¶- kvY-e-§-fn-Â-, Hm-ô-kp-I-Ä-, kq-¸-À-am-À-¡-äv F-¶n-hn-S-§-fn-epw- kn-Un-F-kv Hm-ô-kp-I-fn-epw- \m--t\m am-À-¡-äv kÖo-I-cn-¨p- h-cp-¶p-. kw-cw-`-I-À-¡v kn-.

74

3. kq-£va- kw-cw-̀ - -taJ-e-bn-Â- Ip-Spw-_-{io- \-S-̧ n-em-¡p-¶- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä-/]n-´p-Wm- ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-Ä- G--sXÃmw-?

4. kq-£va-kw-cw-̀ -I-À-¡v Ip-Spw-_-{in- \-Â-Ip-¶- hn-]-W-\- ]n-´p-W-I-Ä- F--s´Ãm-am-Wv?

Xp-S-À- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä-1. A-b-Â-¡q-«-X-e-¯n-Â- H-cp- D-]-Po-h-\- c-Pn-kvä-À-

X-¿m-dm-¡p-I- (Aw-K-§-fp--sS -t]cv, kw-cw-̀ -X-z-̄ n--te¡v/ -thX-\- -sXmgn-en--te¡v h-cm-³- B-{K-l -ap-Å- Ip-Spw-_mw-K-§-fp--sS F-®w-, \n-e-hn-Â- B-À-Ön-¨n-«p-Å- -sXmgn-Â- -sshZ-Kv[yw-, B-cw-`n-¡m-³- D--t±in-¡p-¶- kw-cw-`- -taJ-e- F-¶n-h- Cu- c-Pn-kvä-dn-Â- D-Ä--s¸Sp-¯-Ww-)

2. A-b-Â-¡q-«mw-K-§-Ä-¡v G--säSp-¡m-hp-¶- kw-cw-`-I- B-i-b-§-Ä- N-À-¨- sNbvXvv H-cp- {]-h-À- ¯-\- ]-²-Xn- X-¿m-dm-¡p-I-.

3. X--t±i-`-c-W- kvYm-]-\-§-Ä- kw-cw-`- {]-h-À-¯-\-¯n-\m-bn- \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-{]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- \-K-c- I-u-¬-kn-e-À-/{Km-a- ]-©m-b-¯v Aw-K-hp-am-bn- N-À-¨- -sNbvXv A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]--tZi-¯v \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-h-iy-am-b- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- B-kq-{X-Ww- -sN¿p-I-.

4. Ip-Spw-_-{io- -ssa-t{Im F-â-À-ss{]kv I-¬-kÄ-«-ân--s\/hn-P-bn-̈ - H-cp- kw-cw-̀ -I--sb A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- ]--s¦Sp-¸n-¨v kw-cw-`-I- km-[y-X-I-Ä- N-À-¨- -sN¿p-I-.

Ip-Spw-_-{io- -t]mÀ-«-en-Â- c-Pn-kvä-À- -sN-t¿ï-Xm-Wv. C-Xn-\p- ]p-d--ta B-a-tkm¬- -t]m-sebp-Å- C----sIm-tagvkv -t]mÀ-«-ep-I-fn-epw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- D-Â-̧ -¶-§-Ä- e-`y-am-¡p-¶p-ïv.

I-½yq-Wn-än- am-À-¡-änw-Kv -s\äv h-À-¡vIp-Spw-_-{io- D-Â-¸-¶-§-Ä- -tlmw- -tjm¸v Hm-W-À-am-À- ap--tJ\- ho-Sp-I-fn--se¯n-¨v hn-]-W-\w- \-S-¯p-¶- co-Xn-bm-Wv I-½yq-Wn-än- am-À-¡-änw-Kv -s\äv h-À-¡v. Pn-Ãm-X-e- am--t\Pv-saâv bq-Wn-äm-Wv C-Xn-sâ \-S-̄ n-̧ v Np-a-X-e- \n-À-h-ln-¡p-¶-Xv. ho-Sp-I-Ä- -tXmdpw- I-b-dn- bn-d-§n- hn-]-W-\w- \-S-¯p-¶-Xv -tlmw- -tjm¸-À-am-cm-Wv. -tlmw--tjm¸-À-am-cp--sS ho-Sp-I-fn-epw- D-Â-¸-¶-§-Ä- e-`y-am-Ipw-. Pn-Ãm- am--t\Pv-saâv bq-Wn-äm-Wv D-Â-¸-¶-§-Ä- -tiJ-cn-¨v -tlmw- -tjm¸-À-am-À-¡v \-Â-Ip-¶-Xpw- D-Â-¸-¶-¯n-sâ hn-e- kw-cw-`-I-À-¡v \-Â-Ip-¶-Xpw-. kw-cw-`-I-À-¡v Pn-Ãm- an-j-\p-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸«v D-Â-̧ -¶-§-Ä- -tlmw- -tjm¸p-I-fn-Â- F-̄ n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

hn-e-bn-cp-¯-Â- -tNmZy-§-Ä-1. H-cp- kw-c-`-I-/kw-cw-`-I--\v D-ïm--tIï- Kp-W-

§-Ä- F--s´Ãmw-?2. G--sXmcm-Ä-¡pw- kw-cw-̀ -I-bm-Imw- F-¶- {]-kvXm-

h-\--tbmSp- \n-§-Ä- -tbmPn-¡p-¶p--tïm? N-À-¨- -sN¿p-I-.

C\w ]qÀ®ambn `mKnIambn sa¨s¸tSï Xpï v

kwcw` {]hÀ¯\¯nÂGÀs¸Sp¶Xn\v ” Bßhnizmkw t\Sn.

kq£va kwcw`§Ä¡v ”IpSpw_{io \ÂIp¶ ]n´pWm kwhn[m\§sf”Ipdn¨v [mcW t\Sn

hnhn[ ssat{Im kwcw` ]²XnIfpsS khntijXIÄhniIe\w sN¿p¶Xn\v” {]m]vXn t\Sn.


75

cp-¯p-¶-Xn-\p-am-bn- Cu- -taJ-e-bn-Â- Xm-ev]-cy-ap-Å- kv{Xo-I--sf I--sï¯n- ]-cn-io-e-\w- \-Â-In- h-cp-¶p-.

Ip-Spw-_-{io- -s]mXn--t¨mdvap-³-Iq-À- Hm-À-U-dp-I-Ä- kzo-I-cn-¨v cp-Nn-I-c-hpw- Kp-W--ta·-bpw- D-Å- ̀ -£Ww- b-Ym-ka-bw- Hm-̂ o-kp-I-fn-epw- a-äp- kvY-e-§-fn-epw- F-̄ n-̈ p- \-Â-Ip-¶-Xn-\p-Å- kw-cw-`w-. C-Xn-eq--sS ho-«-½-am-À-¡v ho-«nen-cp-¶p- X--s¶ h-cp-am-\w- D-ïm-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

-tU -sIb-À- skâ-À-]-I-Â- ka-b-§-fn-Â- -sNdn-b- Ip-«n-I-fp--sS ]-cn-N-c-W-¯n-\pw- ]-cn-]m-e-\-¯n-\p-am-bn- kp-c-£n-X-am-b- Ip-Spw-_-{io- -tU -sIb-À- skâ-dp-I-Ä- \n-e-hn-Â- {]-h-À-¯n-¨p- h-cp-¶p-ïv.

C-h-âv am--t\Pv-saâv {Kq-¸p-I-Ä-hn-hn-[- B--tLmj-§-fpw- ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fpw- D-¯-c-hm-Zn-X-z--t¯m-sS G--säSp-¯v \-S-¯p-¶-Xn-\pw- B-h-iy-am-b- km-[-\-km-a-{K-n-I-Ä- hm-S-I- \n-c-¡n-Â- e-̀ y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- Ip-Spw-_-{io- h-\n-Xm- C-h-âv am--t\Pv-saâv {Kq-¸p-I-Ä- cq-]o-I-cn-¨p- h-cp-¶p-.

-sam-ss_Â- _yq-«n- ]m-À-e-dp-I-Ä-h-\n-Xm- _yq-«o-jy-³-am-À- ho-Sp-I-Ä- -tXmdpw- -sN¶v B-h-iy-am-b- tkh-\-§-Ä- -sNbvXp- -sImSp-¡p-I- F-¶- e-£y--t¯m-sS -sam-ss_Â- _yq-«o- ]m-À-e-dp-I-Ä- {]-h-À-¯n-¨p- h-cp-¶p-.

B-À- H- ¹m-âv (ip-²- P-e- ¹m-âv)b-{ -́ km-a-{Kn-I-fp--sS klm-b--t¯mSp- Iq-Sn- P-ew- ip-²o-I-cn-¨v an-X-am-b- \n-c-¡n-Â- e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å- kw-cw-`- bq-Wn-äv.

l-À-jw- - -sPdn-bm-{Sn-Iv -sIb-À- F-Ivkn-Iyq-«o-hv h--tbmP-\-§-Ä-¡v ho-Sp-I-fn-epw- B-ip-]-{Xn-I-fn-epw- Iq-«n-bn-cn-¸v, -ssZ\w-Zn-\- {]-hr-¯n-I-fn-Â- klm-bw-, Xp-S-§n- B-h-iy-am-b- tkh-\-§-Ä- H-cp- \n-Ýn-X- ô-kv Cu-Sm-¡n- \-S-̧ n-em-¡n- -sImSp-¡p-¶- H-cp- Sow- cq-]o- I-c-W-am-Wv l-À-jw- ]-²-Xn-bn-eq--sS e-£y-an-Sp-¶-Xv. ho-Sp-I-fn-epw- B-ip-]-{Xn-I-fn-epw- X-§n- -tcmKn-I-Ä-¡v klm-bw- \-Â-Im-³- Xm-ev]-cy-ap-Å- A--t]£-I-À-¡m-Wv {]-kvXp-X- ]-²-Xn-bn-eq--sS ]-cn-io-e-\-¯n-\v ap-³-K-W-\- \-Â-Ip-¶-Xv.

km-´-z-\w- -thmf-ïn--tbgvkvB--tcmKy- -taJ-e-bn--se kq-£va- kw-cw-`-am-b- Cu- ]-²-Xn-bp--sS ̀ m-K-am-bn- Po-hn-X- -ssien- -tcmK- \n-À-®-b-hpw- -saUn-¡-Â- -sN¡-̧ p-I-fpw- \-S-̄ n- B-b-Xn-eq--sS D-]-Po-h-\w- I--sï¯p-¶p-.

-s^kn-en-än- am--t\Pv-saâv kÀ-Æo-kp-I-Ä-hn-hn-[- kvYm-]-\-§-fn--se ip-No-I-c-Ww-, l-u-kv Io-¸nw-Kv, Km-À-U-\nw-Kv Xp-S-§n-b- tkh-\-§-Ä- Ip-Spw-_-{io- h-\n-X-I-Ä- ap--tJ\- \n-À-Æ-ln-¨v h-cp-am-\- am-À-¤w- {]-Zm-\w- -sN¿p-¶p-.

-tlmw- kv-täSq-dn-kw- km-[y-X-bp-Å- kvY-e-§-fn-Â- Xm-a-kn-¡p-¶-h-À-¡v k©m-cn-I-Ä-¡v Xm-a-km-\p--tbmPy-am-b- ]m-À-¸n-S- ku-I-cyw-, `-£-Ww- F-¶n-h- H-cp-¡p-¶-Xn-eq--sS h-cp-am-\w- am-À-¤w- I--sï¯m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. \n-À-½m-W- bq-Wn-äp-I-Ä-\n-À-½m-W- -taJ-e-bn--se A-h-kc-§-Ä- ]-c-am -h-[n- {]--tbmP-\--s¸Sp-¯n-, Ip-Sw-_-{io- h-\n-X-I-Ä-¡v kvYn-cw- h-cp-am-\w- e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- -sI«n-S- \n-À-½m-W- cw-K-¯v kv{Xo-I-fp--sS {]m-Xn-\n-[yw- D-d-¸p-h-

]¯v kw-cw-`- am-Xr-I-I-Ä-

76

6A[ymbw

B-ap-Jw-

-tIc-fw- C-Xp-h--sc -t\cn-«-Xn-Â- -sh¨v G-ä-hpw- h-en-b- Zp-c-´-am-Wv 2018 B-K-kväv 13\p- -tijw- kw-`-hn-¨-Xv. Zn-h-k§--tfmfw- \o-ïp- \n-¶- a-g-bpw- a-®n-Sn-¨n-epw- D-cp-Ä- -s]m«-epw- F-Ãmw- Iq-Sn- H-cm-bp-Êv ap-gp-h-³- I-ã--s¸«--sXÃw- H-cp- \n-an-jw- -sImïv \-ã--s¸Sp-¶-Xv I-¬-ap-¶n-Â- I-ïv \-Sp-§n-b-h-cm-Wv \-½-Ä-. F-¶m-Â- Zp-c-́ -ap-J-̄ v ]-I-̈ p- \n-Â-Ip-¶-Xn-\p- ]-I-cw- -tIc-fw- H--tc a-\-tÊm-sS Zp-c-́ --s¯ -t\cn-«p- -temI-̄ n-\m--sI am-Xr-I-bm-bn-. \-½p--sS kvar-Xn- ]-Y-¯n-Â- h-cm-¯- H-¶m-bn-cp-¶p- C--t¸mÄ- kw-`-hn-¨- Zp-c-´w-. C-¯-c-¯n-Â- B-I-kvan-I-am-bn- kw-`-hn-¡p-¶- Zp-c-´-§--sf \mw- ap-¶n-Â- Im--tWïn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-. Zp-c-´-§-Ä- ]-e- co-Xn-I-fn-Â- kw-`-hn--t¨¡mw-. {]-Ir-Xn-]-c--tam a-\p-jy- \n-À-an-X--tam B-b- Zp-c-́ -̄ n-sâ {]-Xy-mLm-X-§-Ä- e-Lq-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-f-f- H-cp- Iq-«w- {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-fm-Wv Un-km-kvä-À- am--t\Pv-saâv ( Zp-c-´- -ssIIm-cy-I-À-Xr-X-zw-) F-¶p- ]-d-bp-¶-Xv.

Hm--tcm {]--tZi-¯n-sâbpw- `q-an-im-kv{X-]-c-hpw- -ssPh- ]-c-hp-am-b- {]--tXyI-X-I-fpw- A-hn--sS Po-hn-¡p-¶-h-cp--sS Po-hn-X-co-Xn-bv¡pw- {]-h-À-̄ -\-§-fpw- -sXm«-dn-bp-¶-h-cm-Wv Ip-Spw-_-{io- {]-h-À-¯-I-À-. A-Xp--sImïp-X--s¶ \n-\-¨n-cn-¡m--sX h-cp-¶- Zp-c-´-§-fp--sS B-Lm-X-§-Ä- Ip-d-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn- F--s´Ãmw- ap-³-I-cp-X-ep-I-Ä- F-Sp-¡m-³- km-[n-¡pw-. \-½p--sS A-b-Â-¡q-«- {]--tZi--s¯ Zp-c-´- km-[y-X-I-Ä- ]-Tn-¡p-I-bpw- C-S--s]S-ep-I-Ä- \-S--t¯ï-Xp--tïm F-¶v kz-bw- hn-e-bn-cp-¯p-I-bpw- -thWw-. -temI--sa¼m-Spw- Zp-c-´- \n-hm-c-Ww- h-f--sc-tb-sd N-À-¨- -sN¿--s¸«p- -sImïn-cn-¡p-¶- H-cp- hn-j-b-am-Wv. kaq-l-¯n-sâ kp-c-£m- kw-hn-[m-\-§-Ä-¡v -t\-scbp-f-f- Nq-ïp- ]-e-I-bm-Wv H--tcm Zp-c-́ -§-fpw- . Zp-c-´-§--sfÃmw- X--s¶ a-\p-jy-À-¡pw- ]-cn-kvYn-Xn-¡pw- h-f--sc-tb-sd {]-Xym-Lm-X-§-Ä- D-ïm-¡p-¶p-. -s]mXp-P-\-§-fpw- X--t±i-hm-kn-I-fpw- Zp-c-´- km-[y-X-I--sf¡p-dn-¨v An-d-ªn-cn-¡p-I-bpw- ka--tbmNn-X-am-bn- -s]cp-am-dp-I-bpw- -sNbvXm--te A-]-I-S-§-fp--sS B-Lm-Xw- Ip-d-¡m-³- I-gn-bq-.

Zp-c-´-¯n-sâ {]--tXyI-X-I-Ä- $ {]-h-N-\m-Xo-Xw- $ km-ay-an-Ãm-bva- $ -thK-X- $ io-{L-X- $ A-\n-Ýn-X-X-zw-

Zp-c-´-§-Ä- D-ïm-Im-\p-f-f- Im-c-W-§-Ä- $ {I-am-Xo-X-am-b- Ip-¶n-Sn-¡-Â- $ ]p-g-bn-Â- \n-¶pw- a-W-eq-äp-¶-Xv $ ]m-S-§-Ä- a-®n-«p- \n-I-¯p-¶-Xv $ P-ew- a-®n--te¡v B-gv¶n-d-§m-\p-f-f- A-h-kcw-

X-S-b-Â- $ A-\-[n-Ir-X-am-b --sI«n-S- \n-À-½m-Ww- $ A-\-[nIr-X- I-cn-¦-Â- I-zm-dn- {]-h-À-¯-\w- $ h-\- \-io-I-c-Ww- $ a--s®men-¸v $ P-e- -t{kmX-Êp-I-Ä- \-in-¸n-¡-Â-, I--t¿d-Â-

Zp-c-´w-thK-̄ nÂ kw -̀hn-¡m-hp-¶Xpw Poht\m kz¯nt\m \jvSw Dï m-¡p-¶-Xp-amb {]Ir-Xn-]-ctam AÃm-¯tXm Bb GsXm-c-h-Ø-tbbpw Zpc-´-sa¶p ]d-bmw.

]-T-\--t\«-§-Ä- $ Hm--tcm Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâbpw- Zp-c-´- \n-hm-c-W-

¹m-³- X-bm-dm-¡p-I- $ Hm--tcm Ip-Spw-_-¯n-epw- kw-`-hn-¡m-³- km-[y-X-

D-Å- Zp-c-´-§--sf Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªv A-Xn-\p-Å- A-dn-hv \-Â-Ip-I-

$ A-Xym-h-iy- kµ-À-`-§-fn-Â- D-]--tbmKn--t¡ï- {]-Y-a- ip-{ip-j- F--s´¶p- a-\-kn-em-¡p-I-

Zpc´ \nhmcW {]hÀ¯\w A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â-

77

A-Xn-Po-h-\w-Hm--tcm Zp-c-´- -tij-hpw- Zp-c-´-¯n-Â- A-I--s¸«- hy-àn-I-Ä- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw- am-\-kn-I- kw-L-À-jw- A-\p-̀ -hn-¡p-¶p-ïv. A-¡m-cyw- a-\-Ên-em-¡n- A-h--sc -thï- hn-[-¯n-Â- -ssIIm-cyw- -sNb-Xn--sÃ¦n-Â-- ]e coXnbnepÅ am\knI {]iv\§fnte¡pw AhÀ

Zpc-´w -

{]IrXn Zpc-´-§Äa\pjy\nÀ½n-X-

Zpc-´-§Ä

$ `q-I-¼w- $ kp-\m-an- $ A-án- ]-À-h-X-kv-t^mS-\w- $ a-®n-Sn-¨n-Â- $ Np-g-en-¡m-äv $ -t]am-cn- - $ A-Xn--ssiXyw-, a-ªp-ho-gvN- $ A-Xyp-jvWw-, h-c-Ä-¨- $ C-Sn-an-¶-Â- $ shf-f--s¸m¡w- $ D-cp-Ä- -s]m«-Â- $ A-W--s¡«p-I-Ä- X-I-cp-¶-Xv $ ]-I-À-¨- hym-[n-I-Ä-

$ cmkZpc-´-§Ä $ ssPhZpc-´-§Ä $ hml\ Zpc-´-§Ä $ Aán-_m[ $ bp²w, Iem]w $ sI«nS§fpsS XIÀ¨ $ ]me-§-fp-sSbpw XIÀ¨

Zp-c-´-¯n-sâ ]-cn-Wn-X- ^-e-§-Ä-

Zp-c-´w-

km¼-¯nIw

kmaqlnIwam\knIw

Btcm-Ky-]cw

F¯pw-, hn-jm-Zw- _m-[n-¡pw-, B-ß-l-Xy-I-Ä- Iq-Spw,-A-Xp--sImïv C--sXmgn-hm-¡m-³- Zp-c-´- _m-[n-X-À-¡v kv{Xo- ]p-cp-j--t`Z-a--t\y B-h-iy-am-b- am-\-kn-I- ]n- ´p-W- -sImSp-¡m-³- -thï- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-Ä- D-ïm-I-Ww-

$ c£m{]hÀ¯\w $ ]p-\-c-[n-hm-kw- $ ]p-\-cp-²m-c-Ww- $ ]p-\-À- Nn-´-

Zpc´ \nhmcW{]hÀ¯\§Ä

78

A-hn-Sp--s¯ -t^m¬- \-¼-À- A-dn-bp--tam?

Bw-_p-e-³-kv \-¼-À- I-¿n-ep--tïm?

s]-s«¶p- hn-fn-¡m-³- -tUmÎ-dpsS- \-¼-À- D--tïm?

hn--tÃPv Hm-̂ o-kv \-¼-À- I-¿n-Â- kq-£n-¡m-dp--tïm?

ho-Sn-\p- kao-]-¯p- kw-`-hn-¡m-hp-¶- Zp-c-´-§-Ä- F--s´Ãmw-?

-shÅ--s¸m¡w- ¹m-³-

G-ä-hpw- A-\p--tbmPy-am-b- Iym-¼v kvY-ew- I--sï¯n--sh¨n-«p--tïm?

C--sÃ¦n-Â- P-\-{]-[n-\n-Xn--tbmSv C--tX¸-än- kw-km-cn--t¡-tï?

ho-«n-Â- A-Xym-h-iy- km-[-\-§-Ä- -shÅ--s]m¡w- I-ïv am-än- -sh¡p-¶- io-ew- D--tïm?

F-a-À-P-³-kn- In-äv I-cp-Xm-dp--tïm? (-sImïp-\-S-¡m-hp-¶- -tSmÀ-¨v _m-ä-dn-I-Ä-, ip-²-P-ew-

-̀£-W-km-[-\-§-Ä-, _n-kv¡-äv -s]«n-, ]-©-km-c-, D-̧ v, a--s®®-, -sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-, Xo--s¸«n-, ¹m-kvän-Iv _m-Kv, ap-f-h-Sn-, a-cp-¶p-I-Ä-).

$ FÃm AbÂ¡q« AwK§fpsS ho«nepw Zpc´ ¹m³ Dïm¡n Zpc´ km[yX Ipdbv¡m³ \ap¡v IgnbntÃ?

$ ASnbńc L«§fnÂ {]Ya ip{iqj \ÂIm³ \½psS AwK§Ä {]m]vXcmtItï?

$ Zpc´ km[yX ap¶dnbn¸v In«nbmÂ \½psS AbÂhmknIsf Adnbnt¡ï D¯chmZn¯w \ap¡v CtÃ?

$ `n¶tijn¡mÀ ,hr²À F¶nhsc kpc£nX kvYe§fnte¡v F¯n¡m³ Ahsc \½Ä klmbnt¡tï?

\½psS Npäp]mSnse A]ISkm[yX F§s\ a\knem¡mw?

ho-Sn-sâ Zp-c-´- \n-hm-c-W- ¹m-³-

B--sI ho-«n-Â- F-{X- -t]À-?

`n-¶--tijn-¡m-À- D--tïm?

D--sï¦n-Â- F-{X- -t]À-?

-t]meo-kv kv-täj-³- F-{X- In--temao-ä-À- Zq-c-¯m-Wv?

A-hn-Sp--s¯ -t^m¬- \-¼-À- A-dn-bp--tam?

-̂b-À- kv-täj-³- F-{X- In--temao-ä-À- Zq-c-¯m-Wv?

P-\

p-h-cn-

-s^

{_p-h

-cn-

am-À

-¨v

G-{]

n-Â-

-sab

v

Pq-¬

-

Pq--s

se

Hm-K

-kväv

sk

]väw-_

-À-

H--tÎ

m_-À-

\-h

w-_-À-

Un-k

w-_-À-

-shf-f--s¸m¡w-

a-®n-Sn-¨n-Â-

h-c-Ä-¨-

kq-cym-Lm-Xw-

Xo-c--timj-Ww-

Np-g-en-¡m-äv

C-Sn-an-¶-Â-

]-I-À-¨-hym-[n-

`q-I-¼w-

kp\man

Zp-c-´- ka-b- {I-aw-

79

F-Ãm- Zn-h-khpw- D-d-§m-³- -t]mhp-¶-Xn-\v ap-¼m-bn- kvä-u- d-Kp--teä-dpw- kn-en-ï-À- -sdKp--teä-dpw- Hm-̂ v B--sW¶v D-d-¸v h-cp-¯m-dp--tïm?

C-e-{În-kn-än- A-]-I-Sw- ¹m³

C-Sn-an-¶-Â- ka-bw- Sn- hn- -tI_n-Ä- ,{^n-UvPv ,a-äp- C-e-{În-¡v D-]-I-c-W-§-Ä- F-¶n-h-bp--sS I-W-£-³- H-gn-hm-¡m-dp--tïm?.

Nm-À-Pv -sNbvXv -sImïv -sam-ss_en-Â- kw-km-cn-¡m-dp--tïm?

ho-Sv ]q-«n- -t]mhp--t¼mÄ- -sabn-³- kzn-Nv Hm-^v -sN¿m-dp--tïm?

Xo-]n-Sp-¯w

klm-b-¯n-\v hn-fn-¡p-I-- 101

a-®n-Sn-¨n-Â,- D-cp-Ä--s]m«-Â- ¹m³

\n-À-¯m--sX a-g- -s]¿p-¶- ka-b-Xv a-®n-Sn-¨n-Â-, D-cp-Ä- -s]m«-Â- km-[y-X- I-ïv ho-Sv am-dn- -t]m hm-dp--tïm?

A-b-Â-¡q-«- Aw-K-§--sf C-§--s\ D-Å- km-l-N-cy-¯n-Â- ho-«n-Â- am-än- ]m-À-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v £-Wn-¡m-dp--tïm?

{]--tXyI- Iym-¼v X-bm-dm-¡m-dp--tïm? C--sÃ¦n-Â- F-´p--sImïv ap-³-Iq-«n- I--sï¯p-¶n-Ã-

Kym-kv Xo-]n-Sp-¯w- ¹m³

Kym-kv Syq-_n-\v G--sX¦n-epw- X-I-cm-dv kw-`-hn-¨n-«p--tïm F-¶v am-k¯n--semcn-¡-Â- ]-cn--tim[n-¡m-dp--tïm?

Sow Zpc-´-¯n\v ap¼v Zpc´ ka-b¯v Zpc-´-¯n\v tijw

ap¶-dn-bn-¸v,Imem-hØ {]h-N-\w KXm-KXw

1. hmÀ¯-IÄ {i²n-¡p-I.hntÃ-Pnse Bfp-IÄ¡v

2. \nÀt±iw \ÂIpI

1. hntÃ-Pnse Bfp-IÄ¡v ap¶-dn-bn¸v \ÂIp-I.2. aäp hIp-¸p-IÄ¡v \nÀt±iw \ÂIp-I.

t»m¡p-ambpwPnÃ-bpambpw_Ô-s¸-Sp-I.

ASn-Øm\ kuI-cyw, `£-Ww, Iym¼v

1. e`y-amb `£y hkvXp-¡-fpsS hnhcw X¿m-dm-¡p-I.

2. Iym¼p-IÄ Isï- ̄ p-I.

1. Iym¼pIÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-I.2. `n¶-ti-jn-¡mÀ¡p-

thï n {]tXyI X¿m-sd-Sp-¸p-IÄ \S-¯pI

1. Zpc-´-tijw dneo^v saäo-cn-bÂ t»m¡nÂ \n¶pw PnÃ-bnÂ\n¶pw tiJ-cn-¡p-I.

2. Bh-iy-amb tISp-]m-Sp-IÄ XoÀ¡p-I.

Btcm-Ky-þ-ip-NnXzþ{]mY-anI ip{iqj

1. KÀ`n-Wn-IÄ, Ip«n-IÄ,hr²À,`n¶-ti-jn-¡mÀ F¶n-hÀ¡v {]tXyI klmbw

2. slÂ¯v Iym¼v kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-I.

1. ]cn¡v ]än-b-hÀ¡v ASn-b-ńc NnInÕ \ÂIp-I.2. `£Whpw shÅhpw hnX-cWw \S-¯m³ X¿m-dm-¡p-I.

1. Øe¯v s]s«¶v F¯n-t¨-À¶v klmbw \ÂIp-I,

2. aäp Soap-Isf klm-bn-¡p-I.

Isï-¯p-I, c£-s¸-Sp-¯p-I, Hgn-¸n-¡p-I.

1. tISp-]mSp h¶ sI«nS `mK-§Ä dn¸-bÀ sN¿p-I.2. t_m[-hÂ¡-cW Iym¼v \S-¯p-I.3. ]cn-io-e\w \ÂIp-I.

1. ]cn¡v ]än-b-hsc c£-s¸-Sp-¯p-I.

2. ImWm-X-mb-hsc I--sï¯p-I,

1. Xncn¨v ho«n-tebv¡v hcm³ klm-bn-¡p-I.

2. Bi-b-hn-\n-ab kwhn-[m\w icn-bm-¡p-I.

3. aäp AwK-§-fp-ambn Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \S-¯p-I.

Zpc´ k¶² tk\ kwhn[m\w F§s\?. Fs´Ãmw {]hÀ¯§Ä sN¿Ww?

80

$ kn-en-ï-À- G--t¸mgpw- Nq-Sp-Å- h-kvXp-¡-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- Xo- P-zm-e-bn-Â- \n-¶pw- A-I-e-¯n-Â- kq-£n-¡p-I-.

$ X-d- \n-c-̧ n-\v ap-I-fn-Â- hm-bp- {]-hm-l-ap-Ån-S-̄ v F-fp-̧ -̄ n-Â- -ssIam-äw- -sN¿--s¸Sm-³- I-gn-bp-¶- co-Xn-bn-Â- -thWw- kn-en-ï-À- kq-£n-¡m-³-.

$ F-Â-]n-Pn- kn-en-ï-À- kq-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v kao- ]w- a--s®®-, a--s®®- kvä-u-, hn-f-¡v F-¶n-h- D-]--tbmKn-¡p-I--tbm kq-£n-¡p-I--tbm A-cp-Xv

$ kn-en-ï-dn- -t\¡m-Ä- D-b-c-ap-Ån-S-¯v -thWw- Kym-kv kvä-u- kq-£n-¡p-hm-\pw- D-]--tbmKn-¡p-hm-\pw-

$ Kym-kv kvä-u- P-\m-e-hn-cn-bn-Â- \n-¶pw- A-I-e-¯n-Â- kq-£n-¡p-I-.

$ d-_-À- Syq-_v G--sX¦n-epw- B-h-c-Ww- D-]--tbmKn-̈ v -s]mXn--bp-I--tbm a-d-bv¡p-I--tbm A-cp-Xv.

$ d-_-À- Syq-_n-\v G--sX¦n-epw- X-I-cm-dv kw-`-hn-¨n-«p--tïm F-¶v am-k¯n--semcn-¡-Â- ]-cn--tim[n-¡p-I-. ]m-N-I-hm-X-I-hp-am-bn- _-Ô--s¸«v ho-Sp-I-fn-Â- D-ïm-hp-¶- A-]-I-S-§-fn-Â- ̀ q-cn-̀ m-K-hpw- d-_-À- Syq-_n-Â- \n-¶p-Å- -tNmÀ-̈ - aq-e-am-Wv D-ïm-hp-¶-Xv.

$ F-Ãm- Zn-h-khpw- D-d-§m-³- -t]mhp-¶-Xn-\v ap-¼m-bn- kvä-u- d-Kp--teä-dpw- kn-en-ï-À- -sdKp--teä-dpw- Hm-^v B--sW¶v D-d-¸v h-cp-¯p-I-.

$ kn-en-ï-dn-sâ ap-I-Ä- ̀ m-K-̄ p-Å- kp-c-£m- A-S-¸pw- -ss\-tem¬- \q-epw- ap-dn-¨v am-ä-cp-Xv. kn-en-ï-À- h-Â-hn-sâ `m-K-¯v \n-¶pw- Kym-kv -tNmÀ-¨- D-Å-Xm-bn- I-ïm-Â- kp-c-£m- A-S-¸v D-]--tbmKn-¨v A-S-bv¡p-I-.

$ Kym-kv -sseä-À- D-]--tbmKn-¡p-I-. Xo--s¸«n- D-]--tbmKn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-I-.

$ ]m-N-I- hm-X-Iw- D-]--tbmKn-¡p--t¼mÄ- A-Sp-¡-f-bn-Â- \n-¶pw- A-e-£y-am-bn- am-dn- \n-Â-¡-cp-Xv. -̀£-W- ]-Zm-À-°-§-Ä- Xn-f-̈ v a-dn-ªv Xo- -sISp

-¶-Xn-\pw- Kym-kv -tNmÀ-¨- D-ïm-Ip-¶-Xn-\pw- C-S-bm-Ipw-.

$ A-Sp-¡-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- -sd{^n-P--tdä-À- -t]mep-Å- -sshZyp-Xn- - D-]-I-c-W-§-Ä- H-gn-hm-¡p-I-. -sshZyp-Xn- {]-hm-l-¯n-ep-ïm-Ip-¶- hy-Xn-bm-\-§-Ä- aq-ew- Xo- ]n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v Kym-kv -tNmÀ-¨- D-ïm-Ip-¶- -thf-bn-Â- C-Xv Im-c-W-am-Ipw-.

$ Kym-kv -tNmÀ-̈ - D--sï¶vv -tXm¶n-bm-Â- ]-cn-{ -̀m -́cm-Im--sX _-À-W-dpw- -sdKp--teä-dpw- Hm-̂ v -sN¿p-I-.

$ hm-X-I- -tNmÀ-¨-bp-ïm-bm-Â- -sshZyp-X- D-]-I-c-W-§-fpw- -sshZyp-X- kzn-¨p-I-fpw- Hm-¬- -sN¿p-I--tbm Hm-^v -sN¿p-I--tbm A-cp-Xv.

$ F-Â-]n-Pn- hm-bp-hn--t\¡-Ä- km-{µ-X- Iq-Sn-b- hm-X-I-am-b-Xn-\m-Â- \n-e--t¯mSv -tNÀ-¶v Im-W--s¸Spw-. I-gn-bp-¶-{X- hm-bp- {]-hm-lw- \-Â-Ip-I-.

$ I-gn-bp--sa¦n-Â- kn-en-ï-dpw- kvä-u-hp-am-bp-Å- _-Ôw- hn--tÑZn-¨v kn-en-ï-dn-\v tk^vän- Iym]v C-Sp-I-.

Zpc´§sf ASp¯dnbmw

A-Sp-¡-f-bn--se ap-³-I-cp-X-Â- $ ]m-N-Iw- I-gn-ªm-Â- D-S-³- ]m-N-I- hm-X-Iw- (Kym-

kv) Hm-^v -sNbv-sX¶v D-d-¸m-¡p-I-. $ ]m-N-Iw- I-gn-ªv hn-d-I-Sn-¸n--se Xo- -sISp-¯n-

F-¶v D-d-¸v h-cp-¯p-I-. $ ]m-N-Iw- -sN¿p--t¼mÄ- kn-´-än-Iv h-kv{X-§-Ä-,

A-b-ª- h-kv{X-§-Ä- F-¶n-h- D-]--tbmKn-¡-cp-Xv. ap-Sn- ]p-d-¡n-em-bn- -sI«n- h-bv¡-Ww-.

$ H-cp- I-W-£-\n-Â- X--s¶ H-¶n-Â- Iq-Sp-X-Â- C-e-{În-Iv D-]-I-c-W-§-Ä- {]-h-À-̄ n-̧ n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-I-. C-Xv h-b-À- Nq-Sm-bn- Xo-]n-Sp-¯w- D-ïm-Im-\p-Å- km-[y-X- h-À-²n-¸n-¡p-¶p-.

$ A-Sp-¡-f-bn-Â- Ip-«n-I--sf H-ä-bv¡v \n-À-¯m-Â- ]m-Sn-Ã-.

$ ]m-N-Iw- \-S-¡p--t¼mÄ- ap-Xn-À-¶-h-À- G--t¸mgpw- A-Sp-¡-f-bn-Â- D-ïm-h-Ww-.

$ I-¯p-¶- A-Sp-¸n-Â- h-¨n-cn-¡p-¶- ]m-{X-§-fp--sS -ssI¸n-Sn-bn-Â- Ip-«n-I-Ä-¡v kv]-À-in-¡m-³- km-[n-¡m-¯- hn-[-¯n-Â- h-bv¡p-I-.

Xo- ]-S-À-¶p- ]n-Sn-¨m-Â- F-´p- -sN¿-Ww- ? $ ]-cn-{`m-́ -c-hm--sX ho-«n-Â- \n-¶pw- ]p-d-̄ n-d-§p-I-. $ ho-«n-ep-Å- a-äw-K-§-Ä-¡v ap-¶-dn-bn-¸v \-Â-Ip-I-. $ ap-I-fn-e--s¯ \n-e-bn-em--sW¦n-Â- ]-Sn-I-Ä- h-gn-

am-{Xw- Xm--sgbn-d-§p-I-. $ h-kv{X-¯n-Â- Xo- ]n-Sn-¨m-Â- H-cn-¡-epw- Hm-Sm-³-

]m-Sn-Ã-. \n-Â-¡p-¶- kvY-e-¯v ho-Wv In-S¶v- D-cp-fp-I-.

$ A-Sp-¯p-Å- ̂ -b-À- kv-täj-\n-Â- hn-h-cw- A-dn-bn- ¡p-I-.

ap-³- I-cp-X-ep-I-Ä- $ A-Sp-¯p-Å- ^-b-À- kv-täj-³- \-¼-À-, -t]meo-kv

kv-täj-³- \-¼-À- \n-§-Ä-¡v A-dn-bp--tam? $ C-Ã- F-¦n-Â- A-Xv a-\-Ên-em-¡p-I-. $ Km-À-ln-I- B-h-iy-¯n-\v ]m-N-I- hm-X-I- kn-en-

ï-À- D-]--tbmKn-¡p--t¼mÄ- kzo-I-cn--t¡ï- ap-³-I-cp-X-ep-I-Ä-

$ ]m-N-I- hm-X-Iw- D-]--tbmKn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v _yq--tdm Hm-^v C-ý-³- kväm-³--tUÀ-Uv (BIS) Aw-Ko-Im-c-ap-Å- d-_-À- Syq-_v/kp-c-£m- -tlmkpw- Aw-Ko-Ir-X- hn-X-c-W-¡m-cn-Â- \n-¶pw- am-{Xw- hm-§p-I-.

$ F-Â-]n-Pn- kvä-u-, kn-en-ï-À- F-¶n-h-bp--sS D-]--tbmK- co-Xn-, I-W-£-³- \-Â--tIï- hn-[w- F-¶n-h--sb¡p-dn-¨v kw-i-b-ap-Å- ]-£w- hn-X-c-W-̄ n-\v h-cp-¶-h--tcmSv -tNmZn-̈ v a-\-Ên-em-¡p-I-bpw- Im-Wn-̈ v X-cp-hm-³- B-h-iy--s¸Sp-I-bpw- -sN¿p-I-.

$ kn-en-ï-À- G--t¸mgpw- -sdKp--teä-À- hm-Â-hv ap-I-fn-Â- h-c-¯-¡- co-Xn-bn-Â- ew-_-am-bn- \n-À-¯n- kq-£n-¡p-I-.

81

$ H-gp-¡p-Å- -shÅw-, -shÅ--s¡«p-Å- {]--tZi-§-Ä- F-¶n-hn-S-§-fn-Â- C-d-§-cp-Xv

-shÅ--s¸m¡-¯n-\v -tijw- $ -tdUn--tbm/Sn-.hn- F-¶n-h-bn-eq--sS e-̀ n-¡p-¶- \n-À-

-t±i-§-Ä- ]m-en-¡p-I-. $ -sI«n-In-S-¡p-¶- -shÅ-¯n-Â- I-fn-¡m-³- Ip-«n-I-

-sf A-\p-h-Zn-¡-cp-Xv. $ -shÅ--s¸m¡-̄ n-Â--s¸«v Ip-Xn-À-¶- ̀ -£-W-§-Ä-

I-gn-¡-cp-Xv. $ -sshZyp-X- D-]-I-c-W-§-Ä- A-h-bp--sS -tISp-]m-

Sp-I-Ä- Xo-À-¯¯n-\v tijw- am-{Xw- D-]--tbmKn-¡p-I-

$ Sm-¸n-Â- \n-¶v e-`y-am-Ip-¶- -shÅw- Xn-f-¸n-¨-Xn-\p--tijw- am-{Xw D-]--tbmKn-¡p-I-.

`q-I-¼w-`q-an-¡-Sn-bn-Â- ]m-d-I-Ä- -s]m«p--t¼mgpw- -sX¶n-am-dp--t¼mgpw- D-ïm-¡p-¶- I-¼-\-§-fm-Wv `q-I-¼w-. `q-I-¼-¯n-Â- -sI«n-S-§-Ä-, ]m-e-§-Ä- Xp-S-§n-b-h- X-I-À-¶p- ho-gp-I-, A-W--s¡«v X-I-cp-I-, X-d-bn-Â- hn-Å-ep-I-Ä-, a-®n-sâ {Z-ho-I-c-Ww-, ^m-Î-dn-I-fn-Â- \n-¶p-Å- cm-kh-kvXp-¡-fp--sS -tNmÀ-¨-, B-W-h- \n-e-b-§-fn-Â- \n-¶p-Å- B-W-h- hn-In-c-Ww-, C-e-{În-Iv -tjm«vkÀ-Iyq-«v aq-e-ap-Å- Xo-]n-Sp-¯w-, D-cp-Ä--s]m«-Â-, kp-\m-an- Xn-c-I-Ä-, a-\p-jy-Po-h-\pw- kz-¯n-\pw- \m-iw- Xp-S-§n-b-h- kw-`-hn-¡mw-.

`q-I-¼--s¯ -t\cn-Sm-\p-Å- ap-³-I-cp-X-ep-I-Ä-1. tISm-b- C-e-{În-Iv -sse\p-I-Ä-, -ss]¸p-I-Ä-

\-¶m-¡p-I-2. `q-an- Ip-ep-¡-¯n-\n-S-bn-Â- Xm--sgho-Wv A-]-I-

Sw- D-ïm-Im-Xn-cn-¡m-³- ho-«p-]-I-c-W-§-Ä- (lo-ä-À-, {^n-UvPv, A-e-am-c-I-Ä-, I-®m-Sn-, Np-a-cn--se Nn-{X-§-Ä-, ̀ -{Z-am-bn- Np-a-cn--t\mSv -tNÀ-¶v _-Ôn-¸n-¡p-I-.

3. `m-c-ap-Å-Xpw- h-en-¸-ap-Å-Xp-am-b- km-[-\-§-Ä- A-e-am-c-bp--sS Xm--sg X-«n--te¡v am-äp-I-.

4. I-®m-Sn- ]m-{X-§-Ä-, -s]m«m-³- km-[y-X-bp-Å- a-äp- h-kvXp-¡-Ä- F-¶n-h- A-e-am-cn-bp--sS A-Sn-¯-«n-Â- h-bv¡p-I--tbm, A-S-¡m-³- ]-äp-¶- A-e-am-c-bn-Â- h-bv¡p-I--tbm -sN¿p-I-.

5. -sshZyp-Xn-, ]m-N-I- hm-X-Iw- F-¶n-h-bp--sS {]-[m-\- kzn-¨p-I-Ä- A-W-bv-t¡ï-Xv F-§--s\bm--sW¶v Ip-«n-I-f-S-¡-ap-Å- Ip-Spw-_mw-K-§--sf ]-d-ªp- a-\-Ên-em-¡p-I-

6. kp-c-£nX- kvY-e-§-Ä- I--sï¯p-I-.7. {]-Y-a- ip-{iq-j- a-cp-¶p-I-Ä- D-Ä--s¸«- F-a-À-P-³-

kn- In-äv X-¿m-dm-¡n- -shbv¡p-I-.8. A-Xym-h-iy- kÀ-Æo-kp-I-fp--sS (-t]meo-kv, A-án-

i-a-\- tk\-, -tUmÎ-À-am-À-, -sshZyp-Xn- Hm-ô-kv, ]n-.U-»yp-.Un- Hm-ô-kv) F-¶n-h-bp--sS \-¼-cp-I-Ä- -tiJ-cn-¡p-I-.

$ hm-X-I- -tNmÀ-¨- i-à-am--sW¦n-Â- D-S-³- ho-Sn--\v ]p-d-¯n-d-§p-I-. kao-]-¯p-Å- ho-«p-Im--tcmSv H-gn-ªv -t]mhm-³- B-h-iy--s¸Sp-I-. kao-]- ho-«p-Im--sc hn-fn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v -tImfnw-Kv -s_Â- D-]--tbmKn-¡-cp-Xv.

-shÅ--s¸m¡w--tIc-f-̄ n-Â- D-ïm-hp-¶- {]-Ir-Xn- Zp-c-́ -§-fn-Â- G-ä-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-Â- \m-i-\-ã-§-Ä- D-ïm-Ip-¶- H-¶m-Wv -shÅs¸m¡w-. \-½p--sS kw-kvYm-\-¯n-sâ 14.8% kvY-e-¯p- Im-e-h-À-j- ka-b-¯p- -shÅ--s¸m¡w- D-ïm-hm-\p-Å- km-[y-X- D-ïv F-¶v I-W-¡m-¡n-bn-«p-ïv.

Pm-{K-X- \n-À--t±iw--shÅ--s¸m¡w- D-ïm-Ip-¶-Xn-\p- ap-³-]v $ kp-c-£n-X- kvY-e--t¯¡v -t]m-tIï- h-gn-I-Ä-

Ip-Spw-_mwK§Ä F-Ãm-h-cpw- a-\-Ên-em-¡p-I-. $ a-W-Â-`n-¯n-I-Ä- -shÅ--s¸m¡-¯n-Â- X-I-cm-³-

km-[y-X- D-Å-Xn-\m-Â- -shÅ--s¸m¡- ̀ o-j-Wn- -t\cn- Sp-¶- kvY-e-§-fn-Â- Xm-a-kn-¡p-¶-h-À- kn--saâpw- C-ãn-I-bpw- -sImïp-Å- D-d-̧ p-Å- ̀ n-̄ n-I-Ä- D-Å- ho-Sp-I-fn-Â- Xm-a-kn-¡p-I-

$ A-Sp-¸p-I-Ä-, hm-«-À- lo-ä-dp-I-Ä-, -sshZyp-X- ]m-\-ep-I-Ä- F-¶n-h- D-b-À-¯n- kvYm-]n-¡p-I-.

$ F-a-À-P³-kn- In-äv I-cp-Xp-I- (-sImïp-\-S-¡m-hp-¶- -tSmÀ-¨v, _m-ä-dn-I-Ä-, ip-²-P-ew-, ̀ -£-W-km-[-\-§-Ä-, _n-kv¡-äv -s]«n-, ]-©-km-c-, D-̧ v, a--s®®-, -sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-, Xo--s¸«n-, ¹m-kvän-Iv _m-Kv, ap-f-h-Sn-, a-cp-¶p-I-Ä-).

$ Ir-jn- B-bp-[-§-Ä-, h-f-À-¯p-ar-K-§-Ä- F-¶n-h--sb kp-c-£n-X-am-bn- am-äp-I-.

-shÅ--s¸m¡w- D-ïm-Im-\p-Å- km-[y-X- a-\-Ên-em-bm-Â- $ tdUn--tbm Sn-hn- F-¶n-h-bn-Â- h-cp-¶- ap-¶-dn-bn-̧ v

{i-²n-¡p-I- $ ]-cn-{`m-´-cm-I-Xn-cn-¡p-I-, Inw-h-Z-ń-I-Ä-

]-c¯mXn-cn-¡p-I- $ B-h-iy-am-b- `-£-Ww,- -shÅw,- h-kv{X-§-Ä-

F-¶n-h- X-¿m-dm-¡n- -sh¡p-I- $ Ir-jn- B-bp-[-§-Ä-, h-f-À-̄ p- ar-K-§-Ä- F-¶n-h--

sb D-b-À-¶- kp-c-£n-X- kvYm-\--t¯bv¡vv am-äp-I- $ -shÅ--s¸m¡w- D-ïm-bm-Â- ho-«n-Â- \n-¶pw- am--

täï- km-[-\-§-Ä- F--s´Ãmw- F-¶v a-\-Ên-em-¡n- -sh¡p-I-

$ kp-c-£n-X- kvYm-\-§-fn--te¡v am--tdïn- h-¶m-Â- hn-e-]n-Sn-¸p-Å- D-]-I-c-W-§-fpw- h-kv{X-§-fpw- I-«n-Â-, -tai- F-¶n-h-bp--sS ap-I-fn-Â- h-bv¡p-I-

$ ho-Sp-am-bp-Å- -sshZyp-X- _-Ôw- hn--tÑZn-¡p-I- $ I-¡q-kv, Ip-fn-ap-dn,- Hm-S-I-Ä- F-¶n-h-bn-Â- a-W-Â-

\n-d-¨- Nm-¡v C-Sp-I-. ]p-d--ta \n-¶p-Å- A-gp-¡v A-I--t¯¡v I-b-dp-¶-Xv X-S-bp-¶-Xn-\m-Wn-Xv.

$ -thK-¯n-Â- hm-Xn-Â- ]q-«n- A-Sp-¯p-Å- kp-c-£- kvY-e--t¯¡v \o-§p-I-

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D-S-\-Sn- -sI«n-S-¯n-Â- \n-¶pw- ]p-d-¯v I-S-¡p-I-.8. -sshZyp-X- -tNmÀ-̈ - kw-i-bn-¡p-¶p--sh¦n-Â- -sabn-

³- kzn-¨v A-W-bv¡p-I-.9. shÅ-¯n-sâ {]-[m-\- -ss]¸v -sebn-³- A-S-¡p-

¶-Xm-Wv \-Ã-Xv.10. ]p-d-̄ v I-S-¡p--t¼mÄ- -s]m«n-¡n-S-¡p-¶- -sshZyp-

X- I-¼n-I-fn-epw- a-äpw- X-«m--sX kq-£n-¡p-I-. Np-g-en-¡m-ävkap-{Z- Xo-c-̄ n-\-Sp-̄ m-bn- \yq-\-a-À-±- {]--tZi-§-fn-Â- im-´-am-b- H-cp- -tI{µ-_n-µp- B-[m-c-am-¡n- h-f--sc i-àn-bm-bn- Np-än-b-Sn-¡p-¶- Im-äm-Wv Np-g-en-¡m-äv. D-¯-c- {[p-h-¯n-Â- C-Xv -t¢m¡v -sshkv Zn-i-bn-epw- Z-£n-W- {[p-h-¯n-Â- B-ân- -t¢m¡v -sshkv Zn-i-bn-ep-am-Wv ho-ip-¶-Xv.

Np-g-en-¡m-än-\v ap-³-¼v1. A-]-I-S- ̀ o-j-Wn- A-dn-bn-¡p-¶- F-Ãm- km-aq-ln-I-

kw-hn-[m-\-§-fpw- A-dn-ªn-cn-¡p-I-.2. G-ä-hpw- A-Sp-̄ p-Å- kp-c-£n-X- kvYm-\--s¯¡p-

dn-̈ pw- A--t§m«v F-̄ m-\p-Å- h-gn-I--sfIp-dn-̈ pw- a-\-Ên-em-¡p-I-.

Xm--sg ]-d-bp-¶-h- D-Ä--sImÅp-¶- F-a-À-P-³-kn- In-äv X-¿m-dm-¡n- h-bv¡p-I-.

({]-h-À-¯-\-£-a-am-b- H-cp- -tdUn--tbm, -tSmÀ-¨v, Ip-d-¨v _m-ä-dn-I-Ä-. (`-£-W- km-[-\-§-Ä- (Xo--s¸«n-, hn-f-¡p-I-Ä-, kvä-u-, ]m-N-I-̄ n-\p-Å- ]m {X-§-Ä-, -shÅw- I-b-dm-¯- _m-Kv. ({]-Y-a- ip-{ip-j Inäpw- A-Xn--s\ Ip-dn-¨p-Å- _p-¡pw- (I-¯n-, -tImSm-en-, ¹m-kvän-Iv -tdm¸v (I-b-À- ), ¹-b-À-, -sNdn-b- a-¬--sh«n-

3. Np-g-en-¡m-äv D-Å- kab-¯v I-S-en-Â- ao-³-]n-Sn-¡m-³- -t]mI-cp-Xv.

4. A-]-I-S- ̀ o-j-Wn- e-`n-¨p-I-gn-ªm-Â- \-Ã- jq-kv, -sNcp-¸v [-cn-¡p-I-. I-«n-Iq-Sn-b- h-kv{X-§-Ä- D-]--tbmKn-¡p-I-.

5. ho-Sv \-¶m-bn- A-S-bv¡p-I-. -sshZyp-Xn-, Kym-kv, -shÅw- F-¶n-h-bp--sS I-W-£-\p-I-Ä- Hm-^v -sN¿p-I-.

Im-än-\p- -tijw-1. A-[n-Im-cn-I-Ä- A-dn-bn-¸v X-cp-¶-Xp-h--sc ]p-d-

¯n-d-§-cp-Xv.2. Kym-kv eo-¡v -sN¿p-¶n--sÃ¶v D-d-¸v h-cp-¯p-I-.3. \-\-ªn-cn-¡p-I-bm--sW¦n-Â- C-e-{În-Iv D-]-I-c-

W-§-Ä- {]-h-À-¯n-¸n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-I-.4. X-I-À-¶- -sshZyp-Xn- _-Ô-§-Ä-, ]m-e-§-Ä-,

ho-Sp-I-Ä-, a-c-§-Ä- F-¶n-h- {i-²n-¡p-I-, -shÅ--s¡«n-Â- -t]mI-cp-Xv.

`q-I-¼-ka-b-¯v1. ]-cn-{`m-´-cm--ImsX kw-b-a-\w- ]m-en-¡p-I-.2. _-e-ap-Å- -tai-bp--sS-tbm, U-kvIn-sâ-tbm Np-h-

«n-Â- Ip-\n-ªn-cp-¶p- H-cp- -ssI-sImïv X-e- a-d-¨p-]n-Sn-¨v a--sä -ssI-sImïv -tai-bp--sS Im-en-Â- ]n-Sn-¡p-I-. -t\cn-«p-Å- B-Lm-X-¯n-Â- \n-¶v H-cp- ]-cn-[n-h--sc C-§--s\ c-£--t\Smw-.

3. I-«n-bp-Å- -tai--tbm U-kv-t¡m ap-dn-bn-Â- C--sÃ¦n-Â- ap-dn-bp--sS A-I--s¯ aq-e-bn-Â- Ip-\n-ªn-cp-¶v X-e- -ssI-sImïv a-d-¨p-]n-Sn-¡-Ww-.

4. Xm--sg ho-gm-³- km-[y-X-bp-Å- h-kvXp-¡-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- P-\-ep-I-fp--sS A-cn-In-Â- \n-¶pw- am-dn- \n-Â-¡p-I-.

`q-I-¼w- Pm-{K-X- \n-À--t±i-§-Ä-1. I-«n-en-Â- C-cn-¡p-I-bm--sW¦n-Â- I-«n-bp-Å- H-cp-

X-e-bn-W- X-e-bv¡v ap-I-fn-Â- ]n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xv D-Nn-X-am-bn-cn-¡pw-

2. ]p-d-¯m--sW¦n-Â- Xm--sg ho-gm-³- km-[y-X-bp-Å- -sI«n-S-§-fn-Â- \n-¶pw- hn-f-¡v I-Ãp-I-Ä-, -sshZyp-X- Xq-Wp-I-Ä- , ]-c-ky-̂ -e-I§-Ä- F-¶n-h-bn-Â- \n-¶pw- A-I-¶p- \n-Â-¡p-I-

3. _-lp-\n-e- -sI«n-S-§-fn-Â- ̀ q-I-¼- ka-b-¯v -tIm-Wn-]-Sn-I--tfm, en-^v-täm D-]--tbmKn-¡-cp-Xv.

4. kn-\n-a- Xn--tbä-dn--tem, kv-täUn-b-¯n--tem B--sW¦n-Â- -sh{]m-f--s¸«v hm-Xn-en-\v A-Sp--t¯¡v Hm-Sm-Xn-cn-¡p-I-. F-hn--sSbm--tWm C-cn-¡p-¶-Xv A-hn--sS X--s¶ C-cn-¡p-I-.

5. Hm-Sn--s¡mïn-cn-¡p-¶- hm-l-\-̄ n-Â- B--sW¦n-Â- hm-l-\w- \n-À-¯n- ]p-d-¯n-d-§p-I-.

6. sI«n-S-̄ n-sâ A-h-in-ã-§-Ä-¡n-S-bn-Â- Ip-Sp-§n--t]mhp-I-bm--sW¦n-Â- hm-X-I- --sshZyp-Xn- -tNmÀ-̈ - C--sÃ¶v D-d-¸p--sï¦n-Â- am-{Xw- -sshZyp-X- kzn-¨v Hm-¬- -sN¿p-I-.

7. dm-́ -Â-, _m-ä-dn--sImïv {]-h-À-̄ n-¡p-¶- -tSmÀ-̈ ,v -sseäv Xp-S-§n-b-h- D-]--tbmKn-¡p-I-.

`q-I-¼-¯n-\p- -tijw-1. Xp-S-À-N-e-\-§-Ä- I-cp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p-I-2. t_m[w- \-ã--s¸«p- In-S-¡p-¶- B-fp-I--sf ]-c-am-

h-[n- I-gp-¯pw- \--s«Ãpw- A-\-¡m--sX am-äm-³- {i-an-¡p-I-.

3. B-h-iy--sa¦n-Â- Ir{Xna- i-zm-kw- \-Â-Ip-I-4. t_m[w- \-ã--s¸«p- In-S-¡p-¶- B-fp-I--sf \n-À-

_-Ôn-¨v {Zm-h-I-§-Ä- Ip-Sn-¸n-¡-cp-Xv.5. Xp-Wn--sImïv ap-J-hpw- hm-bpw- aq-Sn--s¡«p-¶-Xv

-s]mSn-]-S-e-§-Ä- i-zm-k-tImi-¯n-Â- I-S-¡m--sX kq-£n-¡pw-.

6. Xo- ]n-Sn-¡m-³- km-[y-X-bp-Å- h-kvXp-¡-fpw- {Zm-h-I-§-fpw- D-S-\-Sn- \o-¡w- -sN¿p-I-.

7. hm-X-I- -tNmÀ-¨-bp--sS K-Ôw- D--sï¦n-Â- -sabn-³- kzn-¨v A-W-¨v hm-Xn-epw- P-\-epw- Xp-d-¶n-«v

83

an-¶-Â- B-Lm-X-¯n-Â- D-ïm-Ip-¶- A-]-I-S-§-fn-Â- i-zm-kX-S-Êw- aq-e-am-Wv Iq-Sp-X-Â- -t]cpw- a-c-W-̄ n-\v Io-g-S-§p-¶-Xv. {Ir-{Xn-a- i-zm-k-tÑzmkw- \-Â-Ip-¶-Xn-eq--sS an-¶-Â- B-Lm-X--taä- \n-c-h-[n- B-fp-I--sf \-ap-¡v c-£n-¡m-³- km-[n-¡pw-.

\-Ã- kw-c-£-Ww- e-`n-¡p-¶- kvY-e-§-Ä- ( kväo-Â- -s{^bnw- D-Å- -sI«n-S-§-Ä- (Xp-d-¶- hm-l-\-§-Ä- Cu- ]-cn-[n- h-cp-¶-X-Ã-)

( teml- {]-X-e-§-fp-Å- hm-l-\-§-Ä- (Xp-d-¶- hm-l-\-§-Ä- Cu- ]-cn-[n- h-cp-¶-X-Ã-)

( Iq-c-bpw- `n-¯n-bpw- -teml- jo-äv-sImïv aq-Sn-b-Xpw- -tPmbn-âp-I-Ä- Nm-e-I- {]-X-ew- D-d-¸m-¡p-¶- X-c-¯n-Â- -sshZyp-X- irw-J-e-bp-am-bn- _-Ôn-¨-Xp-am-b- -sI«n-S-§-Ä-.

an-¶-Â- D-Å--t¸mÄ- H-gn-hm--t¡ï- kvY-e-§-fpw- km-l-N-cy-§-fpw-1. H-cp- {]--tZi--s¯ G-ä-hpw- D-b-cw- Iq-Sn-b- h-kvXp-

¡-fn-em-Wv {]-[m-\-am-bpw- an-¶-Â- h-¶v ]-Xn-¡p-¶-Xv.

2. {]--tXyIn-¨pw- -teml- \n-À-½n-X-am-b- h-kvXp-¡-fn-Â-, -teml- h-kvXp-hpw- h-ep-Xm--sW¦n-Â- km-[y-X- ho-ïpw- Iq-Sp-¶-Xm-Wv.

3. an-¶-Â- D-ïm-Ip--t¼mÄ- Xp-d-Êm-b- kvY-e-¯pw,- Ip-¶n-³- ap-I-fn-epw-, H-ä--s¸«- a-c-§-fp--sS A-Sn-bn-epw- \n-Â-¡p-¶-Xv H-gn-hm--t¡ï-Xm-Wv. a-c-¯n-sâ D-b-cw- Iq-Sp--t´mdpw- A-]-I-S- km-[y-X- Iq-Sp-¶p-.

an-¶-Â- ka-b-̄ v Xm--sg]-d-bp-¶- Im-cyw- {]--tXyIw- {i-²n--t¡ï-Xm-Wv

( h-³- a-c-§-fp-sS A-cn-In-Â- \n-Â-¡-cp-Xv. ( Xp-d-Êm-b- kvY-e-¯p-Å-Xpw-, a-Xn-bm-b- kp-c-£ I-h-N-an-Ãm-¯-Xp-am-b- Ip-f-]p-c-, -sNdp- -sI«n-S-§-Ä-, \n-co-£-W- S-h-dp-I-Ä- Ip-Sn-ep-I-Ä- F-¶n-h-bpw- A-]-I-S-I-cw- B-Wv.

( kp-c-£- I-h-N-an-Ãm-¯- -sshZyp-X- -sse\p-I-Ä- -teml-L-S-\-I-Ä- F-¶n-h-bp--sS kao-]- kvY-e-§-fn-Â- \n-Â-¡p-¶-Xv H-gn-¡p-I-.

( sImSn-a-cw-, Sn-.hn- B-ân-\-bp--sS -ss] v̧, Ip-̄ --s\bp-Å- -teml- -ss]¸p-I-Ä- F-¶n-h-bp--sS kao-]- kvY-ew-

( X-Sm-I-§-fpw-, \o-´-Â- Ip-f-§-fpw- Xp-d-km-b- P-e--t{kmX-Êp-I-fn-Â- Im-W--s¸Sp-¶- h-Å-§-fpw- an-¶-Â- ]-Xn-¡m-³- km-[y-X-bp-Å- kvY-e-§-fm-Wv.

( Xp-d-km-b- -ssaXm-\-̄ p- \n-Â-¡p-¶-Xv A-]-I-Sw X--s¶.

( an-¶-Â- ka-b-¯v Ip-¶n-sâ ap-I-Ä-`m-Kw- kp-c-£n-X-a-Ã-.

( teml-§--tfm, -teml- h-b-À- -sImïv \n-À-½n-¨- -then-I-Ä-, -ssIh-cn-I-Ä- F-¶n-h-bp-am-bn- -tNÀ-¶v \n-Â-¡-cp-Xv.

5. A-]-I-S- ap-¶-dn-bn-¸p-I-Ä- {i-²n-¡p-I-, Im-gvN-I-Ä- Im-Wm-³- -t]mI-cp-Xv.

cm-k h-kvXp-¡-Ä-{]-Xym-Lm-X-§-Ä-C-¯-cw- Zp-c-´-§-Ä- cm-kh-kvXp-hn-sâ {]--tXyI-X-b-\p-kcn-¨v A-Xn-I-Tn-\-am-b- -thZ-\-, Aw-K--sshI-eyw- ]-cn-¡v, a-c-Ww-, \o-ïp-\n-Â-¡p-¶- B--tcm-Ky- {]-iv\-§-Ä-, ]-cn-kvYn-Xn- \m-iw-, Im-äv, a-®v, hm-bp- Xp-S-§n-b-h-bp--sS a-en-\o-I-c-Ww- h-kvXp-h-I-I-fp--sS \m-i-\-ãw- Xp-S-§n-b-h-bv¡v h-gn--sXfn--t¨¡mw-. Im-än-sâ Zn-i- -thK-X-, a-g-bp--sS A-f-hv cm-kh-kvXp-hn-sâ kz-̀ m-hw-, P-\-km-{µ-X- Xp-S-§n-b- L-S-I-§--sf A-Sn-kvYm-\-am-¡n- cm-kZp-c-´-§-fp--sS Xo-{h-X-bpw- -tXmXpw- hy-Xym-k-s¸Spw-.

]m-N-I- hm-X-I- Sm-¦-À- -temdn-I-Ä- A-]-I-S-¯n-Â--s¸«m-Â- -sN-t¿ï- Im-cy-§-Ä-

Zp-c-´-ka-b-¯v1. A-]-I-Sw- \-S-¶- D-S--s\ A-án-i-a-\- tk\-, -t]meo-

kv Xp-S-§n-b- h-Ip-̧ p-I--sf hn-h-cw- A-dn-bn-¡p-I-.2. A-]-I-S- kvY-e-¯p-\n-¶v Im-gv¨-¡m--sc H-gn-¸n-

¡p-I-.3. B- {]--tZi-̄ n--tebv¡p-Å- K-Xm-K-Xw- \n-b-{ń-̈ v

hm-l-\-§-Ä- h-gn-am-än- hn-Sp-I-.4. -sshZyp-Xn- hn-X-c-Ww- hn--tÑZn-¡p-I-.5. A-]-I-Sw- \-S-¶- kvY-e--s¯ B-fp-I--tfmSv C-e-

{În-Iv D-]-I-c-W-§-Ä-, A-Sp-¸v ap-X-em-b-h- A-W-¡m-³- \n-À--t±iw- \-Â-Ip-I-.

6. -sam-ss_Â- -t^mWp-I-Ä- kzn-¨v Hm-^v -sN¿p-I-; C-Xv Xo-]n-Sp-¯-¯n-\v Im-c-W-am-Ipw-.

7. A-]-I-Sw- \-S-¶- {]--tZi-§-fn-Â- c-£m- {]-h-À-̄ -\-̄ n-\v h-cp-¶- hm-l-\-§-fn-Â- \n-À-_-Ô-am-bpw- Xo--s¸mcn- \n-b-{ń-¡p-¶- kv]m-À-¡v A-d-kv-tägvkv ]n-Sn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡-Ww-.

8. hn-j-hm-X-I-§-Ä- -tNmcp--t¼mÄ- Np-cp-§n-b- ]-£w- aq-¡pw- hm-bpw- \-\-ª- Xq-hm-e--sImïv aq-Sn--s¡«n- Im-än-\v ew-_-am-b- Zn-i-bn--tebv¡v F-{X-bpw- -s]-s«¶v am-dn--t¸mIp-¶-Xv A-]-I-Sw- Ip-d-¡p-¶-Xn-\v klm-bn-¡pw-.

C-Sn-an-¶-Â-1. Im-Â-]m-Z-§-fpw- Im-Â-ap-«pw- -tNÀ-¯p- ]n-Sn-¨v

-ssII-Ä- ap-«n-Â- Np-än- h-cn-ªv Xm-Sn- ap-«n-\v ap-I-fn-Â- D-d-¸n-¨v \n-e-¯v Ip-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-I-.

2. -s]m¡w- Iq-Sn-b- a-c-¯n-sâ Nph«nÂ \n-¶v am-dn- \n-Â-¡p-I-

3. sSd-kn-\v ap-I-fn-Â- hn-f-¡p-I-Ä- L-Sn-̧ n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v -teml-I-¼n-I-Ä- H-gn-hm-¡p-I-

4. -sSd-kn-Â- A-b- -sI«p-¶-Xn-\v -teml- Z-WvUp-I-fpw- -teml- h-b-dp-I-fpw- H-gn-hm-¡p-I-.

84

( ssk¡n-Ä- N-hn-«p-¶-Xpw-, -tam-t«mÀ- ssk¡n-Ä- , Hm-¸-¬- {Sm-Î-À- F-¶n-h Hm-Sn-¡p-¶-Xpw- H-gn-hm-¡-Ww-.

( tImSm-en-, ]n-¡m-kv, Ip-S-, -teml- I-tkc-I-Ä- Xp-S-§n-b-h- D-]--tbmKn-¡m-³-]m-Sn-Ã-.

A-]-I-S-§-fn-Â- -s]«n-cn-¡p-¶- H-cm-Ä-¡v i-cn-bm-b- -sshZy-klm-bw- e-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v ap-³-]v e-`y-am-¡m-³- I-gn-bp-¶- ip-{iq-j-I-Ä-¡m-Wv -s]mXp--sh {]m-Y-an-I- ip-{iq-j- F-¶v ]-d-bp-¶-Xv {]m-Y-an-I- ip-{iq-

j-I-Ä-¡v Nn-e- ka-b-§-fn-Â- Po-h-³- c-£n-¡p-¶-Xn--t\m Po-h-³- \n-e-\n-À-¯p-¶-Xn--t\m I-gn-bm-dp-ïv. A-]-I-S- km-[y-X- h-À-[n-̧ n-¡p-¶-Xv X-S-bp-I- F-¶-Xpw- {]m-Y-an-I- ip-{iq-j-bp--sS H-cp- {]-[m-\- e-£yw- B-Wv. \mw- \-Â-Ip-¶- A-]-I-Sm-h-kvY-bp--sS Im-Tn-\yw- h- À-²n-¸n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m-³- {i-²n--t¡ï-Xv A-Xym-h-iy-am-Wv.A-Xy-́ w- A-]-I-Sm-h-kvY-bn-ep-Å- /-t_m[w- \-ã-am-b- -tcmKn-I-Ä-

F´mWv {]Ya ip{iqj?A]IS§fnÂ s]«ncn¡p¶ HcmÄ¡v icnbmb sshZyklmbw e`n¡p¶Xn\v ap³]v e`yam¡m³ Ignbp¶ ip{iqjIÄ¡mWv s]mXpsh {]Ya ip{iqj F¶v ]dbp¶Xv {]mYanI ip{iqjIÄ¡v Nne kab§fnÂ Poh³ c£n¡p¶Xnt\m Poh³ \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xnt\m Ignbmdpï v. A]IS km[yX hÀ[n¸n¡p¶Xv XSbpI F¶Xpw {]Ya ip{iqjbpsS Hcp {][m\ e£yw BWv. \mw \ÂIp¶ A]ISmhkvYbpsS ImTn\yw hÀ²n¸n¡mXncn¡m³ {i²nt¡ Xv AXymhiyamWv.

kabw IfbcpXv Poh³ c£n¡m³ 5 apXÂ 10

an\n«v hsc kabta DÅq

Cu Ahkc¯nÂ sNt¿ï klmbamWv ]p\cpÖoh\ {]{Inb

]p\cpÖoh\ {]{Inbs\©n³IqSv AaÀ¯pt¼mÄ izmktImihpw lrZ-bhpw Npcp§pw. At¸mÄ izmkw ]pdt¯¡pw lrZb¯nÂ \n¶v càw Xet¨mdnte¡pw {]hln ¡pw.

AaÀ¯nb tijw hnSpt¼mÄ s\©n³IqSv hnIkn¡pIbpw izmkw AIt¯¡v IbdpI bpw sNbp¶p. Iq«¯nÂ lrZbhpw hnIkn¡pw At¸mÄ tZl¯nÂ \n¶v càw lrZb¯nte¡v {]hln¡pw

` izk\ amÀKw 1. hmb hr¯nbm¡pI 2. sh¸v ]ÃpIfpw eqkmb Z´ ¢n¸pIfpw Ducn

amäpI 3. XmSn DbÀ¯pI (\mhv adnªv izk\ amÀKw

ASªp InS¡pIbmsW¦nÂ XmSn s]mń¨v \mhv DbÀ¯pIbpw izk\ amÀKw Xpd¡pI bpw sNbp¶p.

` Ir{Xna izmkw hmb -hmbntebv¡v $ Npw_n¡p¶Xv t]mse hmb hmbtbmSv tNÀ¯

iànbmbn DuXpI $ aq¡S¨v ]nSn¡phm³ ad¡cpXv

hmb - aq¡nte¡v $ hmb aq¡nt\mSv tNÀ¯v iànbmbn DuXpI $ hmb AS¨v ]nSn¡phm³ ad¡cpXv

2 {]mhiyw IrXna izmkw sImSp¯ tijw 30 {]mhiyw s\©v AaÀ¯pI

` càNw{IaWw s\© v̄ AaÀt¯ï kvYm\w :- amsdÃnsâ Xmsg `mK¯mWv AaÀt¯ïXv

s\©¯v AaÀ¯pIbpw hnSpIbpw sNbvXv lrZbs¯bpw izmktImis¯bpw {]hÀ¯n¡pI $ \n§fpsS `mcw sImïmWv AaÀt¯ïXv

iànsImïÃ $ hmcnsbÃv s]m«ntb¡mhp¶ `mcamWv sImSp

t¡ïXv $ 30 {]mhiyw s\©v AaÀ¯pI AXn\ptijw

hoïpw 2 {]mhiyw IrXna izmkw sImSp¡pI C§s\ an\p«nÂ 3 XhW sN¿pI

$ tcmKn kzámbn izkn¡p¶Xv hsctbm hnZ-Kv[ klmbw e`n¡p¶Xv hsctbm XpScpI

85

km[m-cW apdnhp ]äp-t¼mÄ càw apdn-hn\v Xnc-Ýo-\-am-bn-«mWv Hgp-Ip-¶Xv. F¶mÂ càw Noän-s¯-dn-¡p-¶Xpw AXp Xs¶ lrZb Xmf-¯n-\-\p-k-cn¨v hyXym-k-s¸-Sp-¶Xpw [a-\n-I-fnÂ apdnhp ]äp-¶-Xnsâ e£-W-am-Imw. $ 3þ5 \nanj t\cw apdnhnsâ hen¸t¯¡mÄ

hnkvXmc¯nÂ XpWn aS¡n sh¨v aÀ±w sImSp¡pI

$ \mw ImWp¶ ka-b¯p Xs¶ apdn-hnÂ sI«p-sï -¦nÂ AXv Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw Bip-]-{Xn-bnÂ F¯n-¡p-¶-Xn\p ap¼v Ducn amäcp-Xv. adn

v̈ cà-{kmhw \nÂ¡p-¶Ã F¶p tXm¶n-bmÂ sI«n\p apI-fnÂ hoï pw sI«m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

$ apdnhp ]änb Bbp-[tam cà-¡-«tbm apdn-hn-ep-sï -¦nÂ Bip-]-{Xn-bnÂ F¯p-¶-Xn\p ap¼v AXv Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw \o¡w sN¿-cp-Xv.

$ [a-\n-IÄ apdn-s -̧«-Xmbn kwi-bn-¡p¶ ]£w, apdn-hn\p apIÄ ̀ mK v̄ XpWn-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn v̈ sI«p-I, ]Äkv DÅ ̀ mK¯v apdn-hn\pw lrZ-b-¯n-\p-an-S-bnÂ AaÀ¯n ]nSn-¡p-I. XpS-§nb amÀ¤-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. Itcm-«nUv [a-\n-IÄ, F¶mÂ C¯-c-¯nÂ XS-Ê-s¸-Sp-¯m-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-XmWv \Ã-Xv

$ AaÀ¯n¸nSn¨mÂ Dff aÀ±w \ne\nÀ¯m\m bn Npäns¡«pI

$ Nmb¸n ïn , amdme, sX§nÂ \n¶pff s]mSn CXymZnIÄ apdnhnÂ CScpXv.

$ Aäpt]mb tZl`mK§Ä ssI ImepIfnse hncepIÄ, sNhn , ]ÃpIÄ Aäpt]mb icoc `mKw ¹mkvänIv IhdnÂ s]mXnªp sFknÂ C«v Bip]{XnbnÂ F¯n¡pI . F¶mÂ sFkpw icoc `mKhpw X½nÂ kv]Àin¡m³ ]mSnÃ

$ hyàn acn¡p¶Xv izmk \mfw ASªp izmkw In«mXmhpIbpw ]n¶mse lrZb¯nsâ {]hÀ¯\w \nebv¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xn\memWv . hbänÂ shffw DffXv sImï Ã.

$ hbänÂ AaÀ¯n shffw ]pdt¯¡v Xffm³ t\m¡cpXv . AXv A]ISw krjvSn¡pw.

$ AXn\mÂ izmkw CsÃ¦nÂ ]p\cpÖoh\ {]{Inb sN¿pI. CsÃ¦nÂ acWw kp\ÝnXw

ssIN« FÃpIfpsS CSbnÂ ITn\ambn thZ\n ¸n¡m³ X¡ iànbnÂ ]c¯n ASn¡pI. thZ\bpsS ImTn\yw ImcWw Ipc¨p t]mhWw At¸mÄ `£Ww sXdn¨p t]mhpw $ tcmKnbpsS s]m¡nfnsâbpw hmcnIpgnbpsSbpw

a[y¯nÂ apãn Npcp«n shbv¡pI. $ atä ssI ]c¯n Cu apãnbpsS apIfnÂ

sh¡pI. $ s]«¶v iàambn ssIIÄ hbdn\pffnte¡pw

apIfnte¡pambn AaÀ¯pI.

s]mÅÂ ]e Xc-¯nÂ D m-Imw. $ sXmen-¸p-d-¯p- ïm-Ip¶ s]mÅÂ apXÂ sX-

men-¡p-ÅnÂ amwk-t]-in-IÄ hsc \ofp¶ s]m Å-ep-IÄ D ïv.

$ s]mÅ-teä `mKw [mcmfw Pew D]-tbm-Kn¨v XWp-¸n-¡p-I.

$ s]mÅ-en\p taÂ ]än-¸n-Sn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ hkv{X-i-I-e-§Ä amäm-Xncn¡p-I.

$ s]mÅ-en\p taÂ ip²-P-etam sshZy-\nÀt±-im-\p-km-c-apÅ acp-¶p-Itfm HgnsI H¶pw ]p c-«m-Xn-cn-¡p-I.

$ s]mÅ-teä tcmKnsb Xd-bnÂ Dcp-fm³ A\p-h-Zn-¡m-sX-bn-cn-¡p-I.

$ DS³ sshZy-k-lmbw e`y-am-¡p-I

ap§n acWw

`£Ww sXm ïbnÂ IpSp§nbmÂ

s]mÅÂ

apdnhv

$ lrZb¯nsâ {]hÀ¯\w \nebv¡pIbpw ]n ¶mse izmkw \nebv¡pIbpw sNbp¶Xn\m emWv acWw kw`hn¡p¶Xv AXn\mÂ izmkw Ign¡p¶nsÃ¦nÂ ]p\cpÖoh\ {]{Inb sN ¿pI AsÃ¦nÂ acWw kp\Ýn¯w.

$ e£W§Ä ImWn¡pIbmsW¦nÂ tcmKnsb DSs\ InS¯pI

$ InS¯n am{Xta tcmKnsb Bip]{XnbnÂ sIm-ïpt]mIm³ ]mSpÅp . ]n¶oSv hnZKv² D]tZi¯n\v tijw am{Xta Fgpt¶Â¡mhp.

lrZbmLmXw

86

$ \s«-Ãn\v D ïm-Ip¶ s]m«-ep-IÄ¡pw aäv AØn-IÄ¡p- ïm-Ip¶ s]m«-ep-IÄ¡pw cï v coXn-bn-epÅ {]Ya ip{iq-j-bmWv \ÂIs¸Sp¶Xv.

$ \s«Ãn\v Fs´-¦nepw ]cn¡v kwi-bn-¡p¶ ]£w AXmbXv icocw km[m-c-W-bp-Å-Xn-e-[nIw hf-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-Xmbv ImWp-I, \s«Ãv hf-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-Xmbn ImW-s¸-Sp-I, ico-c-¯nsâ GsX-¦nepw ̀ mK-§Ä sNdp-Xm-bn-t¸mepw A\-¡m³ Ign-bm-Xn-cn-¡pI XpS-§n-bh \s«-Ãn-\p £X-¯n-\pÅ e£-W-§-fm-Imw. A§s\ kwi-bn-¡p¶ ]£w tcmKnsb Ign-bp-¶{X A\-¡msX sshZy-k-lmbw e`y-amIp¶nS¯v F¯n-¡p-I-bmWv sNt¿ï Xv. ImcWw sN dnb A\-¡-§Ä t]mepw C¯-c-¯n-ep-Å-h-cnÂ kpjpav\m \mUn¡v £X-§-tfÂ¸n-¡pw.

$ aäv AØn-IÄ¡p- ïm-hp¶ s]m«-ep-IÄ¡v, s]m «-epï- mb Øe-§Ä Ign-bp-¶{X A\-¡m-Xn-cn-¡-emWv {][m\ {]Ya ip{iq-j. CXn-\mbn XpWn-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v Én§p-IÄ D ïm-¡p-Itbm ac-¡-jvW-§tfm teml-Z-WvUp-Itfm D]-tbm-Kn¨v ¹nâp-Itfm D ïm-¡m-hp¶XmWv.

$ acn¡phm³ thï n Xq§phm³ {ian¨ Hcmsf ImWpIbmsW¦nÂ AbmfpsS ImepIfnÂ ]nSn¨v DbÀ¯n¸nSn¡pI

$ Xo sImfp¯n acn¡m³ {ian¨ Bsf ImWpI bmsW¦nÂ I«nbpff hncnt¸m ]pXt¸m shff¯nÂ \\¨ Bsf h«¯nÂ ]nSn¨v In-S¯n Dcp«pI

$ hnjw Ign v̈ acn¡m³ {ian¡p¶ Bsf ImWpI bmsW¦nÂ F{Xbpw s]s«¶v Ign¨ hn-j¯nsâ sXfnhpIfS¡w Bip]{XnbnÂ F¯n¡pI.OÀ±n¸n¡m³ {ian¡cpXv

$ `bs¸tSï BhiyanÃ $ GXv hnj ]m¼v ISn¨mepw Htc acp¶mWv D]

tbmKn¡p¶Xv.AXn\mÂ ]m¼ns\ ]nSn¡m³ th ïn kabw IfbcpXv

$ ]m¼ns\ sImï v hcnIbmsW¦nÂ ]m¼v hnjapÅXmtWm AÃm¯XmtWm F¶v Adn bm³ Ignbpw

$ ISntbä `mKw CfImXncn¡m³ thï Xmb bpàn D]tbmKn¡pI

$ tkm v̧ D]tbmKnNv apdnhv IgpIn hr¯nbm¡pI

KuchapÅXv $ Igp¯n\p apIfnepÅ ISn ,ssI¸¯n¡v

In«p¶ ISn $ 4 {]mhiy¯ne[nIw \mb ISn¡pIbmsW¦nÂ $ Ipdp¡³ sN¶mb apXembh ISn¡pI

bmsW¦nÂ DS³ Ip¯nsh¸pw ]pdsa 24 aWn¡qdn\Iw kodw sXdm¸nbpw BhiyamWv

s]m«-ep-IÄ

BßlXy {iaw

]m¼vISn

\mb ISn

$ -sImïp- \-S-¡m-hp-¶- -tdUn--tbm $ -tSmÀ-¨v $ _m-ä-dn-I-Ä- $ ip-²-P-ew- $ `-£-W- km-[-\-§-Ä- $ ]-©-km-c- $ D-¸v $ a--s®®- $ sagp-Ip-Xn-cn- $ Xo--s¸«n- $ hn-e-Iq-Sn-b-km-[-\-§-Ä- $ hn-e--tbdn-b--tcJ-I-Ä- $ h-kv{X-§-Ä- $ Ip-S- $ {]-Y-a-ip-{iq-j-In-äv $ A-Xym-h-iy-a-cp-¶p-I-Ä-

Zp-c-´- F-a-À-P-³-kn- In-än-Â-D-ïm-bn-cn--t¡ï-h-

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em-Wv kw-`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv ?

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AbÂ¡q« lmPÀ tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\pff t^mÀamäv (F.Un.Fkv. BÀ.]n. ]qcn¸nt¡� Xv)

PnÃbpsS t]cv : kn.Un.Fknsâ t]cv :

F.Un.Fknsâ t]cv/ \¼À : AbÂ¡q«¯nsâ t]cv :

AbÂ¡q«¯nse BsI AwK§fpsS F®w :

{Ia \w. AwK¯nsâ t]cv

lmPÀ (H v̧/eohv tcJs¸Sp¯pI)

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BsI

A[ym]Isâ H v̧

a) AbÂ¡q«¯nsâ BsI AwK§fpsS F®w x 06 = ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………

b) IpSpw_{io kvIqfnÂ ]s¦Sp¯ AwK§fpsS BsI lmPÀ = ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………

c) lmPÀ iXam\w = (b) / (a) x 100 = ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………… %

(F. Un. FÊvv BÀ. ]n ]qcn¸nt¡ïXv)

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kwØm\ Zmcn{Zy \nÀ½mÀÖ\ anj³ -þ IpSpw_{io--------------------------- AAbbÂÂ¡¡qq««XXee ssssaatt{{IImm ss{{IIUUnnäävv kk½½nnäävv ttNNmmZZyymmhheenn

PnÃbpsS t]cv :

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hmÀUv t]cv :

I. s]mXphnhc§Ä

1. AbÂ¡q«¯nsâ t]cv :

2. AbÂ¡q«w Bcw`n¨ hÀjw :

3. A^nentbj³ \¼À :

4. F.Un.FÊnsâ t]cv :

5. kn.Un.FÊnsâ t]cv :

6. AbÂ¡q«¯nsâ _m¦v A¡u−v hnhc§Ä

A¡u−v \¼À _m¦nsâ t]cv {_m©nsâ t]cv

7. AbÂ¡q«¯nsâ km¼¯nI hnhc§Ä

C\w XpI C\w XpI

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9. \n§fpsS AbÂ¡q«¯nse Hcp AwK¯nsâ BgvNbnse k¼mZy XpI ({Xn^väv) F{X? :

10. Hcp AwK¯n\v Hcp XhW \ÂIp¶ ]camh[n BćnI hmbv]

XpI F{X? :

11. BćnI hmbv]bv¡v CuSm¡p¶ hmÀjnI ]eni \nc¡v? :

12. BćnI hmbv] FÃmhcpw IyXyambn Xncn¨Sbv¡mdpt−m?

D−v CÃ

13. BćnI hmbv]bpsS ]eni FÃmhcpw IyXyambn Xncn¨Sbv¡mdpt−m?

D−v CÃ

14. \n§fpsS AbÂ¡q«w _m¦v ent¦Pv hmbv] FSp¯n«pt−m?

D−v CÃ

15. Ds−¦nÂ BsI F{X XhW? (\nehnepÅ hmbv] DÄs¸sS) :

16. CXphsc FSp¯ BsI _m¦v hmbv] XpI ? :

17. ent¦Pv hmbv] Fs´ms¡ Bhiy§Ä¡mWv D]tbmKn¨Xv ?

hnZym`ymkw ASnØm\ kuIcyw hnhmlw

Irjn kzbw sXmgnÂ hyànKXw

kzbw sXmgnÂ {Kq¸v

NnInÕ aäp ISw ho«p¶Xn\v aäpÅh

18. F{Xt]À ent¦Pv hmbv]bneqsS hcpam\ZmbI {]hÀ¯nIfnteÀs¸ Sp¶p? hmbv]bnÂ \n¶v CXn\mbn D]tbmKn¨ XpI?

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_m¦nÂ Bhiys¸« hmbv]m XpI

_m¦v \ÂInb hmbv] XpI

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(12.5% ¯n\p apIfnÂ ]enibv¡v) hmbv] FSp¡mdpt−m?

D−v CÃ

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hnZym`ymkw

hnhmlw

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ent¦Pv hmbv] e`n¨ tijw h¶ AhiyambXn\mÂ

AbÂ¡q«¯nsâ k¼mZyw IpdhmbXn\mÂ

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aäpÅh

25. AbÂ¡q«¯nsâ km¼¯nI hÀjw ASnØm\am¡nbpÅ HmUnäv IrXyambn \S¯mdpt−m?

D−v CÃ

26. Gähpw HSphnÂ HmUnän\v lmPcmb amkw hÀjw ? :

H¸v : AbÂ¡q« sk{I«dnbpsS t]cv : kÀtÆ \S¯nb XobXn : H¸v :

A[ym]Isâ t]cv :

93

1. Ip-Spw-_-{io- A-b-Â-¡q-«w-

2. Ip-Spw-_-{io- ]-²-Xn-I-Ä-

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4. [-\-am--t\Pv-saâv Ip-Spw-_-¯n-epw- A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-epw-

5. D-]-Po-h-\- hn-I-k\w- kq-£va-kw-cw-`-§-fn-eq--sS 6. Zpc´ \nhmcW {]hÀ¯\w A-b-Â-¡q-«-¯n-Â- B. ]-cn-io-e-\- co-Xn-im-kv{Xw- C. Ip-Spw-_-{io- kvIq-Ä- -ssI¸p-kvX-I-¯n-sâ D-f-f-S-¡w- D. A-²ym-]-I--sc kw-_-Ôn-¨- A-`n-{]m-bw-

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tcJ--s¸Sp-¯p-I-

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I. aq¶mw- L-«w- ]m-Ty- ]-²-Xn-bn-Â- D-Ä--s¸Sp--t¯ï- hn-j-b-§-Ä- G--sXm-s¡ ?

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$ Hmtcm IpSpw-_-¯nâ-bpw AhImi-amWv AbÂ¡q« AwKXzw t\SpI F¶Xv

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A-À-l-cm-b- apgp-h³ IpSpw-_-§-sfbpw IpSpw-_{io AwK-am¡pI

AbÂ¡q« hÀjw2018þ2019

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IpSpw_{io kv{Xo ]Zhn kzbw ]T\ {]{Inb

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