8/20/2019 Gerlich Patent US1944885

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J ’ a n .

3 0 ,

1 9 3 4 .

H .

GERLlcH

1 , 9 4 4 , 8 8 5

P R O J E C T I L E

O r i g i n a l

F i l e d

D e c . 4 ,

1 9 3 0

711

___

S

F i g

7 .

8/20/2019 Gerlich Patent US1944885

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i 4

1 0

1 5

20

25

30

35

40

5 0

P a t e n t e d

J a n .

3 0 , 1 9 3 4

U N I T E D ' S T A

1 9 3 2 .

TES

1,944,885 `

PATENT

o F F i c E

1 , 9 4 4 , 8 8 5

PROJECTILE

Hermann G e r l i c h , B e x l e y , E n g l a n d

O r i g i n a l

a p p l i c a t i o n

December

4 ,

1 9 3 0 , S e r i a l

N o .

5 0 0 , 0 4 0 ,

a nd

i n

G e r m a ny

D ecemb er

2 4 ,

1 9 2 9 .

D i v i d e d

and

t h i s

a p p l i c a t i o n

December

2 1 ,

S e r i a l No. 6 4 8 , 2 8 8

9 C l a i m s . ( C l . 1 0 2 - 2 6 )

T h i s i n v e n t i o n r e l a t e s t o

improvements i n

peripherally iianged p r o j e c t i l e s .

Th e p r e s e n t a p p l i c a t i o n i s a d i v i s i o n a l

a p p l i

' c a t i o n

o f

my arent a p p l i c a t i o n

S e r i a l

N o . 5 0 0 , 0 4 0 ,

5

e n t i t l e d

Imp rov ement s

i n

r i f l e d

b a r r e l s ,

f i l e d

D e

c e m b e r

4 , 1 9 3 0 .

Th e primary o b j e c t

o f

t h i s i n v e n t i o n i s

t o

pro

v i d e

a

p r o j e c t i l e o f the

kind

speciñed

which

i s

p a r t i c u l a r l y

s u i t a b l e f o r use with a

p r o j e c t i l e

p r o p e l l i n g apparatus

c o n s t r u c t e d

i n accordance

with

my c o - p e n d i n g

p a t e n t a p p l i c a t i o n N o .

500 040.

,

A

f u r t h e r

o b j e c t o f

t h e

i n v e n t i o n i s

g e n e r a l l y

t o improve t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f f l a n g e d p r o j e c

t i l e s with

a v i ew t o

increasing t he b a l l i s t i c a l

per

formance and e i î e c t s o f such p r o j e c t i l e s .

A

s t i l l

f u r t h e r o b j e c t o f the i n v e n t i o n i s

t o

p r o v i d e ’ a ñ ang ed p r o j e c t i l e i n which p r o v i s i o n

i s m ade f o r

a c c u r a t e l y c e n t e r i n g

t h e

p r o j e c t i l e

i n t h e

b a r r e l with

which i t

i s u s e d ,

and

f o r prop

e r l y

g u i d i n g

t h e

p r o j e c t i l e

through

t h e

b a r r e l

s o

that the

l a t t e r does

not

b e c o m e a x i a l l y t i l t e d

o r

e c c e n t r i c a l l y

d i s p o s e d i n t h e b a r r e l , i .

e .

g u i d

i n g s t e a d i l y t h e c e n t r e o f

g r a v i t y

o f t h e p r o j e c

t i l e a l o n g

t h e

imaginary

_ a x i s

o f t h e b o r e ) , and

i n

addition t o make

the f l a n g e

or

ñ a nge s take

the

whole o f

the l a t e r a l

pressure exerted o n

the

p r o j e c t i l e

( r o t a t i n g

t h e p r o j e c t i l e ) by t h e l a n d s ,

where p r o v i d e d ,

during t h e

passage o f

t h e

pro

j e c t i l e

through t h e

b a r r e l .

Th e

i n v e n t i o n

a l s o

has

the

f u r t h e r

o b j e c t

o f

providing

p r o j e c t i l e s

w hic h o f f e r a minimum r e

s i s t a n c e

during t h e i r passage

through t h e bar

r e l s fr om which they a r e

ñ r e d ,

a nd t h e f l a n g e s

o f

which ensure e f ñ c i e n t s e a l i n g o f the b a r r e l s and

t h e r e b y a u t o m a t i c a l l y e n s u r e

a g a i n s t A

e r o s i o n

o f

t h e - l a t t e r

and the other d e f e c t s a r i s i n g

f r o m

i n

complete s e a l i n g o f the b a r r e l s , w h i l s t i n

a d d i

t i o n , the

i n v e n t i o n ai ms a t p r o v i d i n g

a

p r o j e c

t i l e construction whi ch

ensures

that when the

p r o j e c t i l e

i s

discharged a t

the

muzzle end o f

a

b a r r e l constructed i n accordance with

my

s a i d

c o - p e n d i n g p a t e n t

a p p l i c a t i o n ,

t h e p r o j e c t i l e

body

i s b a l l i s t i c a l l y o f a highly e ñ i c i e n t

s h a p e .

In order that the invention may be

c l e a r l y

understood

a nd r e a d i l y

c a r r i e d i n t o p r a c t i c e , I

have appended hereto

one

s h e e t o f d r a w i n g , i 1

l u s t r a t i n g t h e s a m e , _ « w h e r e i n :

F i g u r e

1 i s 4 a

h a l f l o n g i t u d i n a l

ñanged

p r o j e c t i l e c o n s t r u c t e d i n accordance with

t h i s

i n v e n t i o n ,

s e c t i o n b f a

Figure 2 i s

a h a / . l f

l o n g i t u d i n a l s e c t i o n

o f

a

m o d i f i e d

p r o j e c t i l e c o n s t r u c t e d i n accordance

with

t h i s i n v e n t i o n ' ,

Figure 3

i s

a n

e x t e r n a l h a l f

e l e v a t i o n

o f

a

s o l i d

bullet

-

Figure 4

i s a n

e l e v a t i on p a r t l y

i n s e c t i o n o f a

c o m p l e t e

r i ñ e c a r t r i d g e showing t h e

p r o j e c t i l e

t i g h t l y

v a n d

a x i a l l y

c o r r e c t l y h e l d

i n

t h e

neck

o f 0 0

the c a r t r i d g e

case

and i n s e r t e d

at

a deñned

d e p t h , and

F i g u r e s 5

t o

8 i l l u s t r a t e t h e a p p l i c a t i o n

o f

t h e

i n v e n t i o n t o l a r g e ordnance p r o j e c t i l e s , t h e

f l a n g e s

t h e r e o f being

s l o t t e d

a t a n

angle

t o

s u i t

5 5

the

riding o f a riñed b a r r e l .

In

Figure 1

i s s h o w n

i n

s e c t i o n ' a part

o f

a

b u l l e t

s u i t a b l e f o r u s e with a

r i ñ e

having a

b a r r el a s d e s c r i b e d i n my a i d

co-pending

patent

a p p l i c a t i o n No. 5 0 0 , 0 4 0 , and the b u l l e t ha s

a

7 0

s u b s t a n t i a l l y

c y l i n d r i c a l

body p o r t i o n

1 , a

b o a t

t a i l e d r e a r

portion

2 , and a pointed

nose

3 . T h e

b u l l e t has a jacket 4 w hic h

i s

provided with a

p a i r

o f i n t e g r a l

a n n u l a r f l a n g e s 5 and 6 formed

by s p i n n i n g

t h e

metal

o f t h e

c a s e

outwardly

a t 7 5

two

s p a c e d

positions.

The f l a n g e s

a r e d i s p o s e d

a t

s u b s t a n t i a l l y l e q u a l

d i s t a n c e s

i n

f r o n t

o f

and

behind

the

c e n t r e o f

gravity (indicated at s )

o f

the b u l l e t , or in ot h er

words

they

a r e s u b s t a n t i a l l y symmetrical i n r e l a - 8 0

tion to

t he

centre of gravity.

I t i s

d e s i r a b l e

that the c e n t r e

o f

g r a v i t y

o f the

b u l l e t

should

m o v e

rearwardly

s l i g h t l y

a s the

- b u l l e t

p a s s e s through t h e

b a r r e l

a nd

t h i s i s

e f f e c t e d

by

t h e

backward b e n d i n g o f t h e f l a n g e s

5

8 _ 5

and

6 .

I ‘ h i s

. e f f e c t

i s m o r e

noticeable

the m o r e

> t h e f l a n g e s

a r e p r e s s e d l b a c k w a r d l y

and

t h u s

the a n g l e which the f l a n g e s subtend a t the

a x i s

o f

the

p r o j e c t i l e i s made as l a r g e

as

p o s s i b l e

conveniently

between 3 5 ° and 9 0 ° .

S i m u l t a n e o u s l y w i t h t h e

backward

m o v e m e n t

o f

t h e c e n t r e

o f g r a v i t y t h e e i i e c t i v e

g u i d i n g p a r t s

o f

the

ñanges 5

and

6

a r e , with

the

gradual l n

90

c r e a s e o f

t h e

p r o g r e s s i v e a x i a l and r o t a t i o n a l 9 5

v e l o c i t y

o f

t h e p r o j e c t i l e , s h i f t e d towardsthe

r e a r

end

o f the

p r o j e c t i l e i n

p r o p o r t i o n with the

f o l d

i n g

down and p r e s s i n g

backwards o f

t h e

ñanges

during t h e

p a s s a g e

o f t h e p r o j e c t i l e through the

b o r e , and t h i s i s a

very

d e s i r a b l e a nd important « 1 0 0

f e a t u r e and which s a t i s ñ e s

e f f e c t i v e l y

t h e

b a l l i s t i c .

postulatum o f having t h e g u i d i ng

s u r f a c e s

o f

1 a

p r o j e c t i l e

shifted

t owards the

rear of

the p r o - 7 , :

j e c t i l e during i t s a x i a l a c c e l e r a t i o n

and

1

: r e a s - '

i n g speed

o f r o t a t i o n d u r i n g / ' i t s t r a v e r s e

through

1 0 5

thebore `

f

_

c I n t h e

b u l l e t

sh own

i n

F i g u r e

1

t h e f l a n g es e x f

tend

a t

t h e i r r e a r s i d e s outwardly f r o m t h e v c y l i n

' d r i c a l part

o f

the b u l l e t m o r e or l e s s

perpen

d i c u l a r l y t h e r e t o , w h i l s t t h e f r o n t

s u r f a c e s ‘ r o f

1 1 °

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  2

1 0

t h e s e f l a n g e s i n c l i n e

forwardly

and merge i n t o

the body.

Th e

b u l l e t

i s provided

b e h i n d ,

and

a t

the r o o t

o f , each o f

the s a i d

f l a n g e s

with a peripheral

groov e , the v o l u m e

o f

w hic h s s u b s t a n t i a l l y suf

ñcient to

r e c e i v e

the adjacent

flange when

the

l a t t e r i s pressed inwardly a nd

backwardly

as the

b u l l e t p a s s e s through

t h e

b a r r e l . Thus, w h e n the

b u l l e t

l e a v e s

the

muzzle

o f

the b a r r e l the e x t e r i o r

o f the b u l l e t may be s u b s t a n t i a l l y s m o o t h a n d

ha v e

a

minimum o f i r r e g u l a r deformations,

whereby are avoided the hitherto experienced

de

viations o f

the b u l l e t

f r o m

i t s p rop er course dur

I ing

i t s

trajectory

du e to undue nd irregular

20

25

30

35

40

4 5

5 0

55

60

7 5

d e f o r m a t i o n s .

The flanges 5 and

6 of t he

bullet

are

h i g h

in

r e l a t i o n t o

the diameter o f

the c y l i n d r i c a l p a r t

1

o f the body o f the

p r o j e c t i l e ,

and

s e r v e

f i r s t l y

f o r r e l i a b l y

and

c o r r e c t l y

c e n t e r i n g

t h e p r o j e c t i l e

i n

t h e r i f l e b a r r e l

p r i o r t o

the p r o j e c t i l e

being

ñred o r p r o p e l l e d , ~

and

a l s o f o r guiding i t during

i t s e n t i r e passage through the b a r r e l a f t e r being

ñred.

T h e

centre

o f

g r a v i t y o f the p r o j e c t i l e i s

s t e a d i l y and

c o n t i n u o u s l y g u i d e d a l o n g _ t h e

a x i s

o f

the bore

o f the

b a r r e l

a nd

a x i a l

t i l t i n g

and

r a d i a l displacements

o f

the p r o j e c t i l e are pre

v e n t e d A

during

i t s whole p a s s a g e through

t h e

b a r r e l thus ensuring

a steady and

t r u e ñight o f

the p r o j e c t i l e through atmosphere

t o

a maximum

d e g r e e .

Secondly

the f l a n g e s 5

and 6

s e r v e

e f f e c

t i v e l y t o s e a l

the

b o r e a g a i n s t

the p r o p e l l i n g

gases during the whole

o f the

p as s age

o f

t he p ro

j e c t i l e t h ro u g h

the b a r r e l and

i n t h i s

way the

erosion

a nd

l o s s o f energy

hitherto experienced

i s eliminated or very much educed. Thirdly, the

ñ ang es

s e r v e , when

the p r o j e c t i l e

i s used with a

riñed

b a r r e l , t o

take u p the

e n t i r e l a t e r a l

pressure

exerted o n

the

b u l l e t by the ñ a n k s o f

the

lands o f

the b a r r e l .

When

the

b u l l e t

i s

being used with

r i f l e d

a r m s

i t i s preferred

to

make he i n c l i n a t i o n o f the front

surface of

t he foremos t b u l l e t

flange

6

corre

spond

s u b s t a n t i a l l y

i n angle ( r e l a t i v e t o the a x i s

o f

the b u l l e t ) t o

the

angle o f

the

breech

ends

o f the

l a n d s

a g a i n s t which

t h e

foremost f l a n g e

bears

w h e n

the

p r o j e c t i l e i s i n f i r i n g p o s i t i o n i n

the b a r r e l .

This

a p p l i e s b o t h t o »

ñre a r m s

a nd

the

l i k e i n

whi ch a

s i n g l e

complete c a r t r i d g e i s

used a nd

i n

the

neck o f w hic h

the

p r o j e c t i l e

i s

i n s e r t e d a nd ñxed, and

t o

l i r e a r m s o r p r o p e l l i n g

apparatus, i n connection with which p r o j e c t i l e s

and

c a r t o u c h e s

are k e p t separate.

T h e

a n g l e

o f

t h e f l a n g e s r e l a t i v e t o t h e l o n g i

tundinal

a x i s o f

the

p r o j e c t i l e

v a r i e s

with

c i r

cumstances, and f o r

i n s t a n c e

depends, among

o t h e r

t h i n g s ,

o n t h e

p r e s s u r e s

which

w i l l

p r e v a i l

i n t h e b a r r e l - , t h e

c a l i b r e

o f t h e b o r e o f t h e

l a t t e r ,

the r e l a t i v e

enlargement o f

the b o r e ,

a nd the

thickness o f

the

f l a n g e s .

Naturally the grooves

behind

the ñ a nge s

w i l l be o f a ‘ d e p t h

and'length

s u i t a b l y c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e p a r t i c u l a r ñanges

with

w hic h

they are c o - o p e r a t i n g .

The number of

flanges

us ed in e a c h case as

w e l l

as

the thickness o f the‘flanges i s regulated

according t o the material

o f w hic h

the f l a n g e s are

formed, the

n u m b e r

o f lands employed i n the

barrel in

which t h e

flanges

are

to operate,

t h e

p r e s s u r e s developed

by

the p r o p e l l i n g g a s e s , and

the area

o f

the f l a n g e s bearing

l a t e r a l l y

o n the

f l a n k s o f

the l a n d s , i . e . the speciñc

l a t e r a l

pressures

.

D ur i ng

the passage

o f

the b u l l e t v t hr o ugh a

b a r r e l

increasing i n c r os s s e c t i o n a l area f r o m the

muzzle end towards the breech

e n d , and

p ar

` _ t i c u l a r l y in

a barrel

in a c c o rda nc e

w i t h

my ere

1 , 9 4 4 , 8 8 5

i n b e f o r e

n a m e d

c o - p e n d i n g

p a t e n t a p p l i c a t i o n ,

the flanges

5

a n d

6 are

progressively a n d c o n

c e n t r i c a l l y

p r e s s e d downwardly and ñ n a l l y

p r e s s e d s u b s t a n t i a l l y completely i n t o the g r o o v e s

7

therebehind.

The t e r m

“ s u b s t a n t i a l l y ” i s used

a b o v e

becaus e

w h e r e the m u z z l e e nd of

t he

barrel

i s r i f l e d , the p a r t s o f the f l a n g e s between

the

lands

remain very s l i g h t l y p r o j e c t i n g but o n l y t o the

extent

of

the usual

very shallow

de p t h

o f the

grooving

i n

m o d e r n r i f l e d a r m s w h i c h

i n

small

b ore r i f l e s are

b u t

a b o u t . l mm' . or a b o u t .004

d e e p ;

the

p r o j e c t i n g f l a n g e p a r t s a r e p r a c t i c a l l y

f l u s h

with

the other p a r t s and the body o f the

projectile

y

-

The regular

deformation

a nd concentric p r e s s

i n g

and

l e v e l l i n g down o f

t h e

f l a n g e s t a k e s p l a c e

q u i t e l o c a l l y and

over

r e l a t i v e l y s h o r t a x i a l

stretches ( a x i a l l y r e l a t i v e l y

n a r r o w bands)

o n

the circumference o f

the

p r o j e c t i l e , and does

not

i n v o l v e any other deformation

o f

the

p r o j e c t i l e

or

other

displ ac ements or

carrying and

s m e a r

ing b a c k o f any material

over the surface

o f the

p r o j e c t i l e body and e s p e c i a l l y does

not

i n v o l v e

t he di s placement a n d s m e a r i n g b a c k

o f

any ex

c e s s

material

over

parts o f

the

p r o j e c t i l e

body,

w hic h w o uld

h a v e

a detrimental

e i f e c t

b y s h i f t

ing material r a d i a l l y

a nd

e c c e n t r i c a l l y

m o r e

o r

l e s s

i r r e g u l a r l y ,

thus i n c o rr e c t l y d i s p l a c i n g

t h e

c e n t r e

o f

g r a v i t y

o f

the

b u l l e t , `

which

should be

avoided a t a l l c o s t s .

The

arrangement

o f

t h e

flanges

and gr o o v e s

described a l s o enables the f l a n g e s

t o

be pressed

down

and into the

groov es

so

t h at t h e

l a t t e r

are

substantially f i l l e d

and so that

there

i s

n o i n

creased or irregular f r i c t i o n s e t u p a n d t he bore

o f the b a r r e l

i s

not

unduly

w o r n and m e t a l l i c

f o u l i n g

o f t h e bore i s e i t h e r p r a c t i c a l l y e l i m i

nated o r considerably reduced.

T h e rearmost

groove o r cannelure

7 i s d i s

posed

i n

advance

o f the

p l a c e

wh e r e t h e

c o n i c a l

rear part

2 j o i n s

the

c y l i n d r i c a l middle part 1

o f t h e

p r o j e c t i l e ,

so that there i s a

band

or p o r

t i o n o f c y l i n d r i c a l periphery

between

the groove

7

and

the b o a t - t a i l 2 , a nd t h i s i s do ne

because

i t i s

very detrimental t o

the f l i g h t a nd accuracy

of the bullet i f the

b o a t

t a i l or the rear end

o f

a

p r o j e c t i l e

should be

a f f e c t e d

by any excre

scences or i r r e g u l a r i t i e s

caused

b y

the deforma'

tion

o f the bullet?langes

o n these

rear parts o f

a p r o j e c t i l e .

With a n a r r a n g e m e n t s u c h

as

de

s c r i b e d t h i s i s i m p o s s i b l e , s i n c e i f there should

80

85

90

95

1 0 0

1 0 5

110

1 1 5

120

1 2 5

b e

any

spa ttering of

m a t e r i a l

t o

t he r e a r of

gro o ve

7 , i t w i l l

come

o n the

said

intervening

c y l i n d r i c a l p o r t i o n .

This

i s not

p a r t l c u l a r l y

harmful,

whereas

i r r e g u l a r i t i e s

o n

the surface

o f

t h e stream-lined

b o a t - t a i l

p o r t i o n

o f

t h e

p r o j e c `

t i l e are q u i t e ha r mful t o

t h e A

accuracy o f

f l i g h t

o f the p r o j e ct ile .

In conjunct i on

wi t h

a construction as

de

s c r i b e d the gases i s s u i n g f r o m

the

muzzle o f

the

barrel

a s s o o n

as

t he hindmost

sec tio n of

t he

b e a r i n g

and

g u i d i n g p a r t s

o f

t h e

p r o j e c t i l e l e a v e

the

muzzle section i s s u e synchronously a nd e v e n

l y d i s t r i b u t e d ~ a l l around the periphery

o f t h e

p r o j e c t i l e ,

so t hat there i s

a minimum

of unbal

anced--with regard t o time a nd s p a c e - m u z z l e

b l a s t t h r o w n u p o n the p r o j e c t i l e at t h i s c r i t i c a l

moment and a

steady

and un ifo r m deliver yof the

p r o j e c t i l e

from`

the muzzle i s

obtained

with a

130

1 3 5

1 4 0

145

minimum

f

v a r i a t i o n s

o f

the angle o f d e p a r t u r e . `

f

In Figure

2

i s s h o w n a

s l i g h t l y

m o d i ñ ed f o r m

of bullet and in this arrangement

t he

flanges'ö

and

6

are

undercut

and s l o p e

backwardly

and

overhang t h e g r o o v e s

7 .

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10

1 5

20

25

30

35

1 , 9 4 4 , 8 8 5

Figure

3

shows a s o l i d b u l l et o f s i m i l a r e x t e r n a l

shape

t o

t h e b u l l e t s hown i n Figure 2 .

Figures

5 t o

8 s h o w the a p p l i c a t i o n o f

t h i s

i n

v e n t i o n t o l a r g e ordnance p r o j e c t i l e s . The pro

j e c t i l e sh own

i n

F i g u r e

5 i s

p r o v i d e d

with two

spaced p e r i p h e r a l d u c t i l e f l a n g e s

1 1

and 1 2 which

a r e formed s e p a r a t e l y o f ,

but

e c u r e d t o , t h e p r o

j e c t i l e

b u t

o t h e r w i s e

have t h e

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s

o f ,

and I s e r v e

t h e > s a m e purposes a s , v t h e f l a n g e s

5

and 6 previously d e s c r i b e d .

A cannelure

or

' p e

r i p h e r a l groove 7 i s formed behind each o f the

f l a n g e s

and

t h e r e a r

g r o o v e

i s spaced from

t h e

flat base

or rear

o f the pr o j ec til e . _

_ I ‘ h e

p r o j e c t i l e s hown

i n

F i g u r e

I

i s v e r y

s i m i

l a r

t o t h a t s h o w n i n Figure 5 ,

with

the e x c e p t i o n

that

the f r o n t

ñange

1 2

i s replaced

by a n

a n n u

l a r protuberance adapted t o r i d e o n t o p o f t h e

lands o f

a

r i f l e d barrel

having a

constant lands

bore.

i

Figures 6 and 8 s h o w i n

end

e l e v a t i o n

one

o f

t h e f l a n g e s o f t h e p r o j e c t i l e

sh own i n

F i g u r e s

5 a nd 6 , and i t

w i l l

be seen t h a t such f l a n g e s are

provided with

r a d i a l s l o t s

1 3 f o r

engagement

with

the

l a n d s

o f

t h e

b a r r e l „ such

s l o t s

b e i n g

s l i g h t l y

wider towards t h e

f r o n t

o f the p r o j e c t i l e than

a t

the

rear t o

f a c i l i t a t e

the e ngagem e n t o f thel

f l a n g e s

with

the

r i f l i n g o f the

b a r r e l w i t h .

which

the p r o j e c t i l e

i s

u s e d ,

a t i g h t

ñt

being obtained

between t h e

p r o j e c t i l e

f l a n g e

and t h e

b a r r e l whe n

t h e p r o j e c t i l e

i s

r a m m e d

i n t o

t h e

breech c h a m

ber o f the

propelling ap p arat u s .

~

In a l l p r o j e c t i l e s

s h o w n

i n

the

drawing

the

body i s c y l i n d r i c a l and o f i t s maximum diame

. ter from

t he

rear

of

the front cannelure right

u p t o

the

r o o t o f

the

r e a r f l a n g e . A l s o _ t h e f r o n t

s u r f a c e s

o f the f l a n g e s e n t e r

o r m e e t

the outer

m o s t surface

o f

the

body

as d i s t i n c t f r o m m e e t

ing

the body a t the

base

o f a groove i n the

body,

l

i .

e . b e l o w t h e o u t e r m o s t

surface

thereof. F u r

4 0

4 5

50

5 . 5

„ s o

t h ermo re

the

ñ ang es

have,

as shown, i n the

draw

ing,

their rear or o u ter edges

s p a c e d from

t he

p r o j e c t i l e

b o d y , and p r e f e r ab l y t h e f l a n g e s

t e r m i

nate

a t

t h e i r outer

ends i n a short

c y l i n d r i c a l

bearing s u r f a c e

a s

s h o w n p a r t i c u l a r l y

i n

Figures

5 to 8 .

F igur e

4 s h o w s a

c o m p l e t e

cartridge for a r i f l e ,

the cartridge

having a case 8 i n

the

fo rw ardend

o f w hic h i s i n s e r t e d

and

f i x e d a p r o j e c t i l e

ac

cording

t o

any o f the c o n s t r u c t i o n s s h o w n

i n

F i g u r e s

1

t o 3 , and t h i s p r o j ec t i l e has i t s ' r e a r

f l a n g e

5

r e s t i n g

o n

an

annular

p r o j e c t i o n

9

p r o ~

vided

within

the c y l i n d r i c a l

neck

o f the car

t r i d g e case by ext ernallygroov i ng

the

case as

therequired d i s t a n c e fro m

the m o u t h

t h e r e o f .

Th e

edge

p a r t

1 0 o f

t h e

m o u t h

o f

the

c a r t r i d g e

case i s turned inwardly and

over

the front

o f

the foremost

f l a n g e 6

o f the p r o j e c t i l e , and

s o

holds ñrmly

the l a t t e r between i t s e l f a n d the

annular p r o j e c t i o n 9 . In

t h i s V

m a n n e r a'constant

a x i a l depth o f i n s e r t i o n o f the p r o j e c t i l e i n t o V t h e

neck o f

the

c a s e

i s attained w h i l s t accurate

r a d i a l

c e n t e r i n g and s e c u r e

f i x i n g

o f the

p r o j e c t i l e

i n

the

cartridge

case

are

a t t a i n e d . I t w i l l a l s o b e

noted that

e n g a g e m e n t be t we e n

the

p r o j e c t i l e

65

70

body and c a r t r id g e c a s e neck o n l y t a k e s

p l a c e

a t

the

two f l a n g e s

o f the

p r o j e c t i l e , s o

that the

pro

. j e c t i l e

can b e s e p a r a t ed

from

t h e

c ase

w i t h a

minimum of frictional resistance. `

The p r o j e c t i l e s are made o f any s u i t a b l e ma

t e r i a l , a s f o r

i n s t a n c e ,

o f n i c k e l

and cop p eral

l o y s ,

but

a t

a l l

t i m e s the

f l a n g e s o f

t h e

p r o j e c t i l e

m u s t be s u m c i e n t l y s t r o n g

t o

withstand the l a t

e r a l p r e s s u r e s imparted t h e r e t o by

A t h e

f l a n k s

o f the lands o f a r i f l e d b a r r e l through whi ch the

projectile i s .

3

What _cla im isz-

1 . A

r o j e c t i l e adapted

t o

be f l r e d

f r o m a b a r r e l

increasing in cross

s e c t i o n a l

area

f r o m the

muzzle

toward

the

breech chamber, comprising

a

sub

s t a n t i a l l y c y l i n d r i c a l

body

with a p o i n t e d nose

a nd boat t a i l , s a i d

body

ha v i n g a pair o f spaced

circumferential

d u c t i l e

- ~ flanges thereon,

s u c h

f l a n g e s

b e i n g

d i s p o s e d s u b s t a n t i a l l y

s y m m e t r i

c a l l y

r e l a t i v e

t o

the

c e n t r e

o f

g r a v i t y o f

the

s a i d p r o j e c t i l e and

comprising

t h e

s o l e

b e a r i n g

s u r f a c e

throughout t h e major p o r t i o n

o f

t h e

l e n g t h

o f

t h e b a r r e L v s u c h ñanges

b e i n g

a d a p t e d

« t o i n c r e a s e the gas p r e s s u r e area o f such

pro

j e c t i l e beyond t h a t normal f o r a

p r o j e c t i l e

h a v

i n g

t h e

s a m e body c a l i b r e , and the body having

a

peripheral groove behind and a t the r o o t

o f

each f l a n g e , and each o f such grooves being o f

substantially the s a m e

v o l u m e

as the adjacent

f l a n g e ,

t h e body

h a v i n g

a c y l i n d r i c a l p a r t , e q u a l

i n

c a l i b r e

t o the maximum

c a l i b r e o f

the body,

extending f r o m the f r o n t groove r i g h t

t o

the

r e a r

f l a n g e ,

and

t h e g r o o v e s

and

f l a n g e s b e i n g spaced

f r o m the

ends o f

the

p r o j e c t i l e w h i l s t the

rear

f l a n g e

and

g r o o v e a r e a d d i t i o n a l l y

s p a c e d

f o r

wardly

o f

the forward

end o f

the b o a t - t a i l e d por

t i o n

o f t h e

p r o j e c t i l e ,

a c y l i n d r i c a l body p o r t i o n

s e p a r a t i n g s a i d g r o o v e and b o a t - t a i l e d p o r t i o n .

2 . A r o j e c t i l e

adapted

t o be f i r e d fr om

a

bar

r e l

i n c r e a s i n g

i n c r o s s s e c t i o n a l area f r o m the

muzzle toward

the

breech chamber, comprising

a

s u b s t a n t i a l l y . c y l i n d r i c a l body i n c l u d i n g a

c a s i n g ,

with pointed

nose a nd

b o a t - t a i l e d

p o r t i o n ,

s a i d

body

having

a

p l u r a l i t y

o f

s p a c e d

c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l

deformable

f l a n g e s

o n t h e c a s i n g

t h e r e o f ,

the

f r o n t and-rear f l a n g e s b e i n g d i s p o s e d s u b s t a n

t i a l l y

s y m m e t r i c a l l y

r e l a t i v e

t o t h e

c e n t r e

o f

g r a v i t y

o f t h e p r o j e c t i l e and comprising t h e s o l e

b e a r i n g 4

s u r f a c e t h r o u g h o u t t h e major

p o r t i o n

o f

t h e l e n g t h

o f

t h e

b a r r e l ,

such

f l a n g e s

b e i n g

adapted

t o

i n c r e a s e

the gas

pressure

area

o f

such

1

p r o j e c t i l e beyond

t h a t

normal f o r

a

p r o j e c t i l e

having t h e

s a m e

body

c a l i b r e , and t h e

s a i d body

having

a

p e r i p h e r a l

groove

behind

each o f s a i d

ñanges, the

forward and

rear grooves a n d f l a n g e s

b e i n g

spaced fr om t h e

ends o f

t h e p r o j e c t i l e and

the rear groove and

f l a n g e

being a d d i t i o n a l l y

spaced

fro m the

forward end

o f the b o a t - t a i l e d

p o r t i o n

o f t h e p r o j e c t i l e , a c y l i n d r i c a l body por

t i o n

s e p a r a t i n g

s a i d g r o o v e

and

b o a t - t a i l e d por

tion.

‘

3 . A r o j e c t i l e adapted

t o

be f i r e d f r o m a bar~

r e l increasing

i n

c r o s s

s e c t i o n a l

area

f r o m

the

muzzle toward

the

breech

chamber, and com

p r i s i n g a body including a lead

c o r e ,

a d u c t i l e

metal j a c k e t e n c l o s i n g s a i d c o r e , a p a i r

o f

o u t

w a r d l y

and r e a r w a r d l y

p r o j e c t i n g

c i r c u m f e r e n

t i a l

and

d e p r e s s i b l e g u i d i n g f l a n g e s on and

i n t e

g r a l

with

s a i d

j a c k e t

and

c o m p r i s i n g t h e s o l e

v b e a r i n g s u r f a c e t h r o u g h o u t t h e major

p o r t i o n

o f

t h e l e n g t h o f t h e b a r r e l ,

such

f l a n g e s b e i n g

spaced f r o m the

ends

o f the body a nd f r o m o n e

a n o t h e r , and b e i n g d i s p o s e d s u b s t a n t i a l l y

sym

m e t r i c a l l y

r e l a t i v e t o t h e

c e n t r e o f g r a v i t y

o f t h e

p r o j e c t i l e , t h e f r o n t s u r f a c e s

o f

l s a i d f l a n g e s

being i n c l i n e d

t o

the

a x i s o f

t h e

s a i d

b o d y , and

meeting

s a i d

bodv

i n i t s outermost

s u r f a c e . and

the r e a r s u r f a c e s o f

t h e

f l a n g e s

b e i n g

u n d e r c u t ,

and

the

s a i d

j a c k e t , t o g e t h e r with the c o r e a g a i n s t

v w h i c h

i t

c l o s e l y

ñ t s „ h a v i n ` g a ' c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l

gro o ve b e h i nd and at the root of e a c h of said

f l a n g e s ,

t h e

volume

o f v

e a c h

g r o o v e b e i n g s u b

s t a n t i a l l y

e q u a l

t o

t h e

volume o f

t h e

a d j a c e n t

f l a n g e , ` t h e w h o l e p e r i p h e r a l

g u i d i n g

s u r f a c e s o f

t h e

ñanges

b e i n g a d a p t e d t o b e moved rearward

S 5

90

1 0 (

l y r e l a t i v e t o t h e > saidbody d u r i ng t h e p r e s s i n g l

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4

down o f

the f l a n g e s

a s t h e p r o j e c t i l e

p r o g r e s s e s

` t h r o u g h

t h e

b a r r e l

o f a

p r o j e c t i l e p r o p e l l i n g

ap

p a r a t u s .

4 . A r o j e c t i l e

adapted

t o be

f i r e d f r o m

a b a r

r e l increasing

i n

c r o s s

s e c t i o n a l

a r e a f r o m the

_muzzle toward> the breech chamber, and com

prising

a body

ha v i n g

a plurality of s p aced c i r

c u m f e r e n t i a l d u c t i l e f l a n g e s

t h e r e o n ,

such f l a n g e s

being

adapted

to

increase the

gas

pressure

area

o f such p r o j e c t i l e beyond

that

n o r m a l for

apro

j e c t i l e ha v i ng the s a m e body

c a l i b r e

a n d com

p r i s i n g t h e

s o l e b e a r i n g

s u r f a c e throughout t h e

m a jor p o r t i o n o f the l e n g t h o f t h e

b a r r e l ,

and

the f r o n t and rear f l a n g e s being d i s p o s e d sub

s t a n t i a l l y

symmetrically r e l a t i v e t o the c e n t r e

o f g r a v i t y o f

the p r o j e c t i l e ,

s a i d

body

having

a

c irc u mferential

g r o o v e

behind each o f sa id

f l a n g e s ,

s a i d g r o o v e s and

f l a n g e s

b e i n g spaced

f r o m the

ends

o f the p r o j e c t i l e , a n d the g r o o v e s

b e i n g d i s p o s e d

c l o s e l y

a d j a c e n t

t o

t h e

r o o t s o f the

f l a n g e s , i n combination with

a

c a r t r i d g e c a s e h a v

ing

a

c y l i n d r i c a l

neck,

having a n i n t e r n a l annular

p r o j e c t i o n adapted t o engage

a g a i n s t

the rear

surface

o f said

rear ñange, a nd ha v i n g

an nw ard

l y

turned forward

e d g e ,

adapted

t o

c l i p

over

. t he

front

surface of said forward f l a n g e , the said

tw o

f l a n g e s

comprising t h e o n l y p o r t i o n s o f s a i d

body to engage against said

c a r t r i d g e

case

neck.

5 . A r o j e c t i l e adapted t o be ñred

f r o m

a bar

r e l increasing in

cross

sectional

a r e a from t h e

muzzle

toward the breech

ch amb er,

a n d

com

p r i s i n g a

body having

a

c y l i n d r i c a l part

o f

m a x i

mum iameter

terminating a t i t s

forward

end

i n

a n o s e , a p l u r a l i t y

o f

a x i a l l y spaced

deform

a b l e c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l

i l a n g e s o f

e q u a l diameter

extending out wardly

f r o m

the

outer surface o f

s a i d

c y l i n d r i c a l p a r t o f t h e

b o d y ,

such

f l a n g e s

being adapted to i n c r e a s e the gas pressure area

of s uc h p r o j e c t i l e beyond that n o r m a l f o r a

p ro

j e c t i l e having the s a m e

body

c a l i b r e a nd

com

p r i s i n g

the s o l e b e a r i n g s u r f a c e throughout the

m a jor p o r t i o n

o f t h e

l e n g t h o f

t h e

b a r r e l , and

the

front e nds of said flanges

m e r g i n g

into t h e

p r o j e c t i l e

body

f l u s h

with s a i d

outer s u r f a c e

and

t h e

f r o n t s u r f a c e o f t h e f l a n g e s being rearwardly

a nd outwardly i n c l i n e d

fro m

, t h e s a i d

outer

sur

f a c e

a nd

the f l a n g e s each terminating at i t s rear

a nd

o u t e r end

(which i s

spaced

f r o m

s a i d body)

i n a .

s ho r t

cylindrical

bearing surface, a ' c i r c u m

f e r e n t i a l c a n n e l u r e b e i n g

p r o v i d e d

behind each

ñ a n g e and ext ending

below

the surface of the

p r o j e c t i l e

body

a n d o f

a s u f f i c i e n t v o l u m e

t o

enable i t

t o ' r e c e i v e

the

f l a n g e i n f r o n t t h e r e o f ,

a n d

the

flanges

nearer

the front and rear e nd s

o f t h e body

r e s p e c t i v e l y

being

d i s p o s e d

a t sub

s t a n t i a l l y

equal

d i s t a n c e s

t o

the front

a nd

rear

r e s p e c t i v e l y o f the

centre

o f g r a v i t y o f the p r o

jectile. .

6 . A

r o j e c t i l e f o r

use with

p r o j e c t i l e propelling

a p p a r a t u s

h a v i n g

a

barrel

t he groov e bore

of

whi ch i s g r e a t e r i n diameter a t the breech than

at the muzzle, including a body h av i ng

a

n o s e

a n d a

c y l i n d r i c a l

part be h i nd said n o s e and

o f

maximum

i a m e t e r , a

p l u r a l i t y

o f

a x i a l l y

spaced

deformable

c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l f l a n g e s o f equal di a m

e t e r

extending o utwardly

f r o m

the

o u t e r surface

o f

s a i d

c y l i n d r i c a l

p a r t

o f

t h e

b o d y ,

t h e

f r o n t ends

o f s a i d

f l a n g e s

merging i n t o

t h e p r o j e c t i l e

body

f l u s h

with

the said outer surface a nd the

f r o n t .

s u r f a c e s ‘ o f

the f l a n g e s

being rearwardly a nd

out

wardly

i n c l i n e d fro m s a i d

s u r f a c e , a nd

the f l a n g e s

being

a t t h e i r

outer e d g e s , which are

spaced from_

the p r o j e c t i l e , o f substantial

thickness so t hat

t h e s e o u t e r edges f o r m s u b s t a n t i a l bearing

s u r - _

f a c e s , a

c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l c a n n e l u r e b e i n g

v p r o v i d e d

1 , 9 4 4 , 8 3 5

behind each

l l a n g e

and e x t e n d i n g

below

t h e

s u r

face

o f

the p r o j e c t i l e

body

a n d

each

o f

a v o l u m e

s u ñ i c i e n t l y

l a r g e

t o e n a b l e i t t o r e c e i v e

the

f l a n g e

i n

f r o n t

t h e r e o f ,

and s a i d f l a n g e s b e i n g i n i t i a l l y

o f a

diameter

greater t h a n

that

o f t he groov e

bore at the

muzzle

o f

a

barrel

f o r wh i ch

t he p ro

j e c t i l e i s d e s i g n e d , such f l a n g e s b e i n g adapted t o

increase the gas

pressure area

o f

s uc h p r o j e c t i l e

b eyond

that

n o r m a l

f o r

a

p r o j e c t i l e

ha v i n g

the

s a m e body c a l i b r e , a nd the

front

and

rear f l a n g e s

being e q u a l l y

spaced t o

the f r o n t and

rear

r e s p e c

t i v e l y ‘ o f

t h e

c e n t r e o f g r a v i t y o f

s a i d

p r o j e c t i l e

b o d y , and

the

v r e a r cannelure

being

spaced f r o m

the rear e nd o f the body o f the p r o j e c t i l e .

7 .

A

r o j e c t i l e adapted t o

be f i r e d

f r o m

a

b a r r e l

increasing in c r o s s s e c t i o n a l area f r o m the

muzzle

toward the breech chamber,

and

comprising a

body having a

c y l i n d r i c a l

i n t e r m e d i a t e p o r t i o n

o f maximum diameter terminating

a t

i t s front

end

in a nos e decreasing in

diameter

forwardly

and

ermi nat i ng

at i t s

rear

end in a b o a t - t a i l

p o r

t i o n , a p a i r o f a x i a l l y spaced

p e r i p h e r a l

deform

` ï

a b l e . f l a n g e s

p r o j e c t i n g

outwardly

f r o m s a i d

c y l i n

d r i c a l part

o f

the body and

each having

a rear

wardly and

outwardly i n c l i n e d f r o n t s u r f a c e

e n t e r i n g , a t t h e forward e n d , t h e

c y l i n d r i c a l

p a r t

o f the

s a i d body

f l u s h with

the outer

s u r f a c e

t h e r e o f , such

f l a n g e s

b e i n g adapted t o

i n c r e a s e

the

gas

pressure

area o f such p r o j e c t i l e beyondl

that n o r m a l for

a

p r o j e c t i l e

ha v i n g

the sameV body

calibre

and c o m p r i s i n g t h e s o l e beari ng

surface

throughout t h e maj o r p o r t i o n

o f

t h e l e n g t h

o f

t h e

b a r r e l , a nd a

circumferential cannelure being

provided inthe c y l i n d r i c a l

p a r t

o f s a i d body

be

hind

each

o f

s a i d

f l a n g e s , and each being adapted

t o r e c e i v e

the

flange i n front t h e r e o f , the r e a r m o s t l

cannelure being

spaced

fro m

the rearmost end o f

the

s a i d c y l i n d r i c a l p a r t ,

and the

s a i d c y l i n d r i c a l

part being o f i t s n o r m a l maximum

diameter

f r o m

the

rear

edge

o f the

foremost cannelure r i g h t

u p

t o

the

front end o f the rearmost

f l a n g e .

8 . A

r o j e c t i l e adapted

t o be

ñred

f r o m a

b a r r e l

increasing in cross sectional area f r o m the m u z z l e

toward the breech

ch amb er,

a nd comprising a

body having

a

c y l i n d r i c a l part o f

maximum

di a m

eter-terminating at

i t s

forward e nd

i n

a

n o s e ,

a x i a l l y spaced deforma ble c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l l l a n g e s

o f e q u a l d i a m e t e r e x t e n d i n g

o u t w a r d l y

from t h e

_ o u t e r s u r f a c e o f l s a i d c y l i n d r i c a l

p a r t ' o f

t h e

b o d y ,

the

f r o n t

ends o f s a i d f l a n g e s merging i n t o the

p r o j e c t i l e . b o d y i l u s h with s a i d o u t e r s u r f a c e

a nd

the

f r o n t s u r f a c e o f

t h e

f l a n g e s

being

rearwardly

and outwardly

i n c l i n e d

f r o m the s a i d outer

sur

face

a n d

the f l a n g e s each

terminating

a t i t s

rear

and outer

end (which

i s spaced

fr o m

s a i d body)

i n

a

s h o r t

c y l i n d r i c a l bearing s u r f a c e , s u c h V

f l a n g e s being adapted t o i n c r e a s e

the gas

p r e s

sure area

o f

s uc h p r o j e c t i l e

b eyond

that

n o r m a l

f o r a p r o j e c t i l e having

the s a m e

body c a l i b r e

a n d

V c o m p r i s i n g t h e s o l e b e a r i n g s u r f a c e

throughout

the

m a j o r portion o f

the l e n g t - h

o f the b a r r e l , a nd

a circumferential

cannelure being provided

in

s a i d body behind each f l a n g e

and extending below

the

surface o f the

p r o j e c t i l e body

and being

o f a

s u f f i c i e n t

v o l u m e t o enable i t t o r e c e i v e the flange

i n front t h e r e o f ,

a nd

the

front

a n d rear flanges

8 5

9 0

9 5

1 0 0

1 0 5

1 1 0

1 1 5

1 2 0

1 2 5

1 3 0

bei ng

respectively

disposed a t

substantially

equal `

d i s t a n c e s t o t h e

f r o n t

and

r e a r

o f t h e

c e n t r e

o f

g r a v i t y o f the

p r o j e c t i l e .

the s a i d body terminat

ing at th e rear

end

i n a p o r t i o n of boat-tail form

and t h e r e a r m o s t

of

t he said ca n n e lur e s be i ng

spaced forwardly fro m the

r e a r

end o f s a i d c y l i n

d r i c a l

part o f the body.

9 .

A

rojectile for u s e w i t h a projectile p r o p e l

l i n g d e v i c e ha v i ng a r i l l e d b a r r e l o f greater

groove

8/20/2019 Gerlich Patent US1944885

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/gerlich-patent-us1944885 6/6

1 , 9 4 4 , 8 8 5

b o r e d i a m e t e r a t t h e b r e e c h

end

than a t t h e

m u z

z l e ,

comprising

a body having

a

c y l i n d r i c a l i n t e r

mediate p o r t i o n o f

maximum

diameter

termi

nat i ng at i t s

front end

in a n o s e decreasing

in

10

15

20

25

d i a m e t e r f o r w a r d l y and t e r m i n a t i n g a j ; i t s ' r e a r

end

i n

a

b o a t - t a i l

p o r t i o n , a x i a l l y s p a c e d

p e r i p h

e r a l

deformable f l a n g e s

each

i n i t i a l l y

o f

a diam

e t e r not l e a s than t h e

g r e a t e s t

d i a m e t e r l o f s a i d

bore a nd each intended

t o

be

compressed ( i n

i t s

p a s s a g e

through t h e b a r r e l )

r a d i a l l y

a l o n g t h e

whole o f i t s p e r i p h e r y , each ñange p r o j e c t i n g o u t

wardly

fr om

s a i d c y l i n d r i c a l p a r t

o f

t h e body

a nd having

a

rearwardly a nd

outwardly i n c l i n e d

f r o n t - s u r f a c e e n t e r i n g , a t t h e forward e n d , . t h e

c y l i n d r i c a l p a r t o f

t h e s a i d body

f l u s h with

t h e

o u t e r s u r f a c e t h e r e o f , each o f

s a i d

f l a n g e s termi-

3 5

4 0

4 5 .

7 0

’ I l

n a t i n g a t t h e

r e a r e n d ,

which s

s p a c e d

from t h e

body o f t h e p r o j e c t i l e , i n a

s u b s t a n t i a l l y c y l i n

- d r i c a l

bearing s u r f a c e , a circumferential c a n

n e l u r e b e i n g p r o v i d e d

b e h i n d

each o f s a i d f l a n g e s

and formed i n the c y l i n d r i c a l p a r t o f

s a i d

body

and each adapted

t o

r e c e i v e the

f l a n g e

i n f r o n t

t h e r e o f , s a i d f l a n g e s

b e i n g

o f

e q u a l

d i a m e t e r

t o

one

another and

e q u a l t o

the l a r g e s t diameter o f

t h e groovebore o f

the

b a r r e l f o r which t h e

pro

j e c t i l e

i s

d e s i g n e d , t h e r e a r c a n n e l u r e b e i n g spaced

f r o m

the rear e nd

of

the

said c y l i n d r i c a l p a r t ,

a nd

the

s a i d c y l i n d r i c a l part

being

o f i t s

normal

max

-imum

d i a m e t e r

from

t h e

r e a r

edge

of

t h e front

cannelure

r i g h t

u p t o t h e f r o n t end o f the r e a r

f l a n g e .

HERMANN

ERLICH