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Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
Deploying Renewable Energy Systems: Lessons from Latin America
(Dominican Republic, Colombia)
Dr. Bernhard Bösl
GTZ – German Technical Co-operation
World Bank Energy Lecture
March 28, 2005
Washington DC
Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
GTZ Profile
Non-profit, private-sector company, owned by German Government
Commissioned by BMZ to implement Technical Co-operation
Objective: improve the living and working conditions of people in the partner countries and sustain the natural basis for life.
Facts and Figures (2003):
• Total turnover: € 885 millions
• Clients: BMZ (80 %)
other German ministries (6 %)
other governments, international organisations (14 %)
• 2,726 projects in 131 countries
• 1,430 seconded experts, 7,081 local staff
• 1,042 employees at GTZ Head Office in Germany
Further information: www.gtz.de
Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
pipelineongoing
phasing out
GTZ Energy Projects Worldwide
Africa Asia Latin America
Eastern Europe
Total
Policy 1 3 4 8
Renewables 5 9 6 20
Efficiency 5 6 3 5 19
Total 11 18 13 5 47
Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
GTZ RE Projects Latin America
Dominican Republic
Promotion of RE
2 mio €
Caribbean Community
Promotion of RE
2.2 mio €
Ecuador
Small Hydro Power
1.5 mio €,
Colombia
Feasibility Wind Park
0.19 mio €,
Chile
RE Electricity Generation
2 mio €,
Mexico
Promotion of RE
2 mio €,
Brazil
RE Rural Electrification
3 mio €,
Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
Dominican Republic: General Information
Area: 48,730 sq km
Population: 8,715,602 (July 2003 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $6,300 (2002 est.)
Climate: tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation
Energy Resources: Wind, Solar, Hydro, Biomass, no fossil fuels !
Power Sector:
Installed Capacity (July 2003) : 3,596 MW, Hydro: 16 %, Fossil: 84%
Peak Demand (2003): 1,950 MW
Unserved Demand (2002): 15% of potential demand
High technical and non-technical losses: 29%
High electricity prices: approx. 20 US cents / kWh
Electricity sector collapsed since mid 2003, daily blackouts of 10-20 hours
Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
DR: Project profile
Title: Promotion of Renewable Energies in the DR (PROFER)
Counterparts: State Secretariat of Industry and Commerce
National Energy Commission
Duration: March 2003 – December 2006
Objective: Establish favourable framework conditions for the use of RE
Volume (GTZ): € 2 mio
Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
RE Act
National Strategy
Regional cooperatio
n
Market Analysis
Feasibility Studies
Investment Guide
Policy, legal framework
Micro-HydroProject
Promotion
RE Promotion Fund
Management mechanisms Project
Selection
Evaluation, Monitoring
DR: Fields of Cooperation
Evaluate existing projects
Capacity Building
Planification, Promotion
Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
DR: RE Act
Draft of Renewable Energy Act, including incentives like:
• Tax exemptions for imports of RE components
• Reduced transmission fees for RE electricity
• Fixed feed-in price for RE electricity
• Income tax exemptions and fiscal incentives for self-suppliers
• Grants up to 50% of the investment costs (to be decided on a case to case base, max. 5 MW)
Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
Colombia: Project profile
Objective: identification, planning and implementation of a wind park
GTZ services:
• wind measurement
• site selection
• feasibility study
• Support during tender process
• training of EPM staff
Volume: € 190,000
Site: Alta Guajira, NE-Colombia
Counterpart: Public Utility “Empresas Públicas de Medellín (EPM)“
Duration: January 2001 – December 2002
Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
Colombia: Results
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY J UN J UL AGO SEP OCT NOV DIC
Hidrológica Eólica
Technical• Low interest by suppliers during tender process• Installed capacity: 19.5 MW• Windturbines: 15 NORDEX N60, 1,300 kW each• Grid connection: 13.2/110 kV substation, 800 m
connection line• In operation since December 2003
Wind Conditions• Average wind speed 10 m/s at 50 m height• Max. wind speed < 20 m/s• Contiuous wind direction• Low air density (90%)• High outside temperatures (25-40 C)• Annual variation complementary to hydropower
Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
Economical• Colombian electricity market liberalized and competitive• Very low prices on electricity market (approx. 2 US cents / kWh)• Regulatory frame without specific incentives for RE• Generation costs approx. 4 US cents / kWh• Approved by Prototype Carbon Fund (approx. 3.2 mio US$ carbon credits)• Tax exemption as “innovative project” (approx. 8 mio US$ tax reduction)
Social• Project site located in indigenous reservation• Cautious negotiations and considerable
compensation measures necessary
Institutional• Very dynamic and motivated counterpart EPM
Colombia: Results
Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
Lessons Learnt – technical
Technology is not the main issue
Reliable and mature RE technologies are available for application in developing countries
International cooperation should concentrate on broad dissemination of proven technologies
BUT Counterparts often interested in R&D
Some technical adaptations maybe necessary
E.g. adaption of wind generators to extreme wind conditions in Colombia and Mexico (high average wind speeds, low air densities, high temperatures etc.)
Technology adaptations in cooperation with providers (Public Private Partnerships)
Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
Lessons Learnt – financial, economical
Renewable energy technologies are feasible
Due to high fuel and electricity prices and low supply reliability in the Caribbean, some RE technologies are more feasible than in other regions (e.g. wind power, solar water heating),
BUT need a level playing field
No financing without mechanisms
Financing schemes are crucial for massive deployment of RE technologies
BUT badly managed financing instruments can do more harm than good and “rules of the game” have to be defined before starting an instrument
CDM, the big push?
Carbon credits are “nice to have”,
BUT in most cases they won‘t turn an unfeasible RE project into a feasible one
Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
Lessons Learnt – social
Acceptance of technology – core driver for success
Many projects still to technology oriented
Selection of technology should be based on users need (demand side orientation) rather on technology preferences (supply side orientation)
Poverty eradication or poverty illumination?
Creation of income generation opportunities is of core importance
Productive uses of energy must be included in the planning process from the very beginning
Energy and the MDGs
No doubt that RE technologies contribute to achieve the MDGs
BUT since there is no explicit MDG on energy, we constantly have to monitor and disseminate this energy-poverty impact chain
Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
Lessons Learnt – institutional
Multi stakeholder approach
One of main barriers of RE dissemination is the sectors “institutional variety”
How to create benefits/synergies from this variety?
International cooperation can play the role of moderation between institutions and interests, as an interest free “honorable broker”
Multi level approach
Good experiences with combined “policy advisory” and “project development” approaches
Strengthening links between macro and micro level speeds up the learning curve, improves effectiveness, and credibility
Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
Thank you for your attention !
Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
Publications
Energy and Sustainable Development in Latin America
and the Caribbean
Guide for Energy Policymaking
• OLADE, ECLAC, GTZ
• June 2000
• Download (spanish, english): www.eclac.org/drni/proyectos/energía/proyecto.htm
• Update 2003, only in spanish
Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
Energy-policy Framework Conditions for Electricity Markets and
Renewable Energies
21 Country Analyses
• Latest Edition: June 2004
• Including: Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Brazil(Argentina and Cuba in 2002 version)
• Download (english, german): www.gtz.de/wind
Publications
Dr. Bernhard Boesl, Worldbank Energy Lecture, Washington DC, March 28, 2005
Deutsche Gesellschaft fürTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
Renewable Energy Sources in Latin America and the Caribbean
Situation and Policy Proposals
• ECLAC, GTZ
• May 2004
• Download (spanish, english): www.eclac.org
Publications