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Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

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Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing
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Page 1: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Was heisst ABC?Activity Based Costing

Page 2: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Lernziele

Die Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer sind in der Lage: Das Thema „ABC“ in der Betriebswirtschaft einzuordnen, Die Entwicklung der „ABC“ Rechnungswesen-

Instrumente zu verstehen, Jede Art von Informationen von Entscheidungsgremien

oder Führungskräfte zu den Kosten zu verstehen, Unterschiedliche Rechnungskonzepte und Kennzahlen

bezüglich ihres Informationsgehaltes für Entscheide zu beurteilen.

Page 3: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Definition ABC

Activity Based Costing ist eine Technik im Rechnungswesen, welche die Kosten nicht den

Kostenstellen zuweist sondern den Aktivitäten und den Produkten. Sie heisst auch Prozesskostenrechnung.

Sie ist von den Professoren Robin Cooper und Robert Kaplan für Dienstleistungsbetriebe entwickelt worden (Harward).

Page 4: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Unterschiede zur KORE

Die indirekten Kosten werden den Aktivitäten zugeordnet (Verursachungsprinzip).

In der traditionellen Kostenrechnung werden Zuschlagssätze gebildet (Tragfähigkeit).

Mit den Aktivitäten werden die Kostentreiber (Cost Drivers) ermittelt.

Die Kalkulation erfolgt anhand der Prozesskostensätze welche mit der Menge der Aktivitäten verbunden werden

Page 5: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Wozu wird die ABC verwendet?

Beantwortung der Fragen von Kostentreibern der indirekten Kosten

Die Kosten werden somit in der Wertschöpfungskette abgebildet

Kosten, die direkt mit dem Leistungsprozess verbunden sind (Material, Produktion, Absatz)

Indirekte Kosten, welche als Unterstützung der Leistung dienen (Marketing, EDV etc.)

Kosten, welche durch den Führungsprozess verursacht werden (Direktion, VR)

Page 6: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Ziele von ABC

Erhöhung der Kostentransparenz Verursachergerechte Verrechnung von internen

Dienstleistungen Vermeidung von strategischen

Fehlentscheidungen Kostenkontrolle im indirekten Bereich Aktivitätenorientiertes Kosteninformationssystem

mit Kenntnis der Kostentreiber.

Page 7: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Introduction to Activity Based Costing (ABC)

Internet ABC Online Presentation University of Pittsburgh Created by Narcyz Rostocki www.pitt.edu/~`roztocki/abc/abctutor/

Page 8: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

A typical situation in a small manufacturing firm

Technically good products/service Products/services delivered on time Satisfied customers Productivity around or above branch average Very successfull growth in the first years after being

founded Unacceptable level of profitability for a period of

time

Page 9: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Common beliefs

Not enough sales to be profitable Times are harder End-products are sold for too low a price

Page 10: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Reality

An increase in sales does not necessarily increase profit

Some products are money makers and some money losers

There are too many money losers Nobody is sure where money is being made

and lost

Page 11: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Why is a new cost management system needed?

To determine the „true“ cost for a cost object (Product, job, service, or customer)

Page 12: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Why is the knowledge of the „true“ cost of a product so

important? To identify money makers/money losers To finding an economic break-even-point To compare different options

Page 13: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Why is the knowledge of the „true“ cost of a product so

important? To discover opportunities for cost

improvement To prepare and actualize a business plan To improve strategic decision making

Page 14: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Major factors for determination of market price

Competitors Customer Value

Note: „true“ product costs (e.g. total manufacturing costs) have only a minor importance in final market price determination

Page 15: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Ways to determine object cost

Intuition Educated guessing Traditional Cost Accounting (TCA) Activity Based Costing (ABC)

Page 16: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Total cost for a cost object

+ Direct Cost (Labor, Material)

+ Overhead Cost

_________________________

= Total Object Cost

Page 17: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Traditional Cost Accounting (TCA)

Arbitrarily allocates overhead to the cost objects

Total company‘s overhead is allocated to the products based on volume based measure e.g. labor hours, machine hours

Assumption: Relation between overhead and the volume based measure

Page 18: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

TCA in a company Two products: product A and product B Product A:

1 hour of direct labor/ $20/hour = $ 20.00Demand: 100

Product B:2 hours of direct labor/ $20/hour = $ 40.00Demand: 950

Page 19: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

TCA in a company (cont) Total overhead: $ 100‘000 Total direct labor: 2‘000 hours

$ 100‘000/2‘000 hours = $ 50/hour Product A: 1 hour of direct labor Product B: 2 hours of direct labor TCA overhead allocation:

A: 50 $/ unit B: 100$/unit

Page 20: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Activity Based Costing (ABC)

More accurate cost management methodology Focuses on indirect cost (overhead) Traces rather than allocates each expense

category to the particular cost object Makes „indirect“ expenses „direct“

Page 21: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

ABC Basic Premise

Cost objects consume activities Activities consume resources This consumption of resources is what drives

costs Understanding this relationsship is critical to

successfully managing overhead

Page 22: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

When to use ABC

Overhead is high Products are diverse: complexity, volume,

amount of direct labor Cost of errors are high Competition

Page 23: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

ABC Steps

1. Identify activities

2. Determine cost for each activity

3. Determine cost drivers

4. Collect activity data

5. Calculate product cost

Page 24: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

ABC Illustration1. Identify activities

Set-up Machining Receiving Packing Engeneering

Page 25: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

ABC Illustration2. Determine activity cost

Set-up $ 10‘000 Machining $ 40‘000 Receiving $ 10‘000 Packing $ 10‘000 Engeneering $ 30‘000

Page 26: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

ABC Illustration3. Determine cost drivers

Set-up Number of Setups Machining Machining Hours Receiving Number of Receipts Packing Number of Deliveries Engeneering Engeneering Hours

Page 27: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

ABC Illustration4. Activity data

Activity Costs

($)

Product

A

$ Product

B

$

Set-up 10‘000 1 2‘500 3 7‘500

Machining 40‘000 100 2‘000 1‘900 38‘000

Receiving 10‘000 1 2‘500 3 7‘500

Packing 10‘000 1 2‘500 3 7‘500

Engeneering 30‘000 500 15‘000 500 15‘000

24‘500 75‘500

Page 28: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Summary of ABC approach

ABC is more accurate cost management system than Traditional Cost Accounting (TCA)

Traditional Cost Accounting (TCA) is unable to calculate the „true“ cost of a product

Page 29: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Murmelgruppen-Diskussion

Fassen Sie die verteilten Beispiele für die Klasse zusammen und erklären sie die Lösung zum Problem

Welche Informationen benötigen Sie ? Welche Informationen brauchen Sie als Rahmenbedingung

? Welche Kennzahlen sind für die Erfolgskontrollen

massgebend ?

Gruppe 1: Gastronomie (Hotel, Bistro)Gruppe 2: Partyservice (Lieferung von Canapés)Gruppe 3: Restaurant (Schankwirtschaft)

Page 30: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Nutzen von ABC Wirtschaftlichkeitskontrolle Ressourcenverbrauch Kostentransparenz im indirekten Bereich Auftragsbezogene Preisbildung Festlegung der Absatz- und

Produktionsprogramme Aufzeigen der Kapazitätsauslastung

Page 31: Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess Was heisst ABC? Activity Based Costing.

Blockseminar ABC/PM/IT Hess

Vorteile/Nachteile von ABC+ Vorteile - NachteileVerteilungseffekt:

Verursachergerechte Aufteilung der Kosten auf die Prozesse

Wirtschaftlichkeit:

Projektteams, regelmässige Realitätsnähe, aufwändiges Verfahren

Kompklexität:

Komplexität vermehrt die Prozesse

Definition und Erfassung von Prozessen und Prozessmengen: schwierig

Degressionseffekt:

Kostendegression wird im ABC berücksichtigt

Akzeptanz:

Mitarbeiter lassen sich ungern kontrollieren


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