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Kosmogonie in the Middle Ages
and in Modern Physics
Michael Kobel Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik
Technische Universität Dresden
Fakultät Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachrichtung Physik
Workshop on Transmission of InformationDresden 18.6.2013
Michael Kobel
Cosmology and Human Curiosity
Camille Flammarion (1842-1925), Astronomer• Wrote about 50 popular books or manuscripts,
starting as 16-year old with a 500 page „Cosmologie Universelle“
• 1880: Yes, indeed, if humankind — from humble farmers in the fields and toiling workers in the cities to teachers, people of independent means, those who have reached the pinnacle of fame or fortune, even the most frivolous of society women — If they knew what profound inner pleasure await those who gaze at the heavens, then France, nay, the whole of Europe, would be covered with telescopes instead of bayonets, thereby promoting universal happiness and peace."
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Illustration in „L'Atmosphère. Météorologie populaire “ (Paris, 1888): „Un missionnaire du moyen âge raconte qu'il avait trouvé le point où le ciel et la
terre se touchent ... “
Today‘s View of the History of the Universe
Time afterBig Bang
today
13.8 Billionyears
Energy =Temperature 1 TeV 150 MeV 1 eV 1 meV 0,25 meV1013 TeV
Energy of CERN’s LHC Collider 3
BigBang
Stars form
1 Billion years
Atoms form
376 000years
0,1MeV
Forces have separated
10-10 s10-35 s
Inflationary Expansion
Nuclei form
3 min
Protons and Neutrons form
10-5 s
Michael Kobel
1. EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE2. Higgs-Field and Higgs-Particles: why and how3. Cosmic Microwave Radiation: The Sound of the Universe
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THREE EXAMPLES FROM COSMOLOGY
Michael Kobel
Standard model of cosmology
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (1920-1930)• Georges Lemaître (1894-1966)
Expansion of the universe:
• Few variables Size a + its chance with time Density r + its change with time Pressure p natural scale parameters G,c,L
Hubble: Measurement of Expansion 1929• Distant objects
move away faster(today‘ s plot)
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Abbé G. Lemaître
(1894 - 1966)
Albert Einstein(1879 - 1955)
http://einestages.spiegel.de/static/topicalbumbackground/24682/der_priester_mit_dem_urknall.html
Michael Kobel
Transmission of information
2-dim model of expansion(C.H.Lineweaver,T.M.Davis, Scientific American, March 2005)
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Michael Kobel
1. expansion of the Universe2. HIGGS-FIELD AND HIGGS-
PARTICLES: WHY AND HOW3. Cosmic Microwave Radiation: The Sound of the Universe
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THREE EXAMPLES FROM COSMOLOGY
Michael Kobel
Symmetry and Mass
Solution: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (Nambu 1960)happening 10-12 sec after Big Bang• Gives mass to force carriers (W und Z)
Brout&Englert, Higgs, Hagen&Guralnik&Kibble (1964)• Can give mass also to all other particles
Weinberg (1967), Salam(1967)
(GeV) Experim. Theorie
mW 80.4 0mZ 91.2 0mt 173.2 0mb 4.2 0… 0me 0.000511 0… 0
Symmetries of Electromagnetic and Strong Interactions require massless force carriers allow particle masses (identical in symmetry multiplet)
Symmetry of Weak InteractionRequires massless force carriersRequires in addition most other particles massless
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Michael Kobel
Popular analogy: A party (David Miller, UCL)
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More:http://home.web.cern.ch/about/updates/2013/05/basics-higgs-boson http://www.youtube.com/user/minutephysicshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASRpIym_jFM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqAWqwh3Etw
INTERNATIONAL MASTERCLASSES(CENTRALLY ORGANIZED IN DRESDEN FOR IPPOG)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Participants
020406080
100120140160
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Institutes US program
Public Measurement of Higgs particles with real CERN DataCERN Masterclasses
: New in 2013www.physicsmasterclasses.orgwww.teilchenwelt.de
Michael Kobel
1. Expansion of the Universe2. Higgs-Field and Higgs-Particles: why and how3. COSMIC MICROWAVE RADIATION:
THE SOUND OF THE UNIVERSE
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THREE EXAMPLES FROM COSMOLOGY
Michael Kobel
The Cosmic Microwave background
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Acustic Analogy: overtones of instruments
Michael Kobel
Analysis of Overtones
Scientific Planck Satellite results, March 2013http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=51551
Tools for the Public to reproduce this sound by changing the composition of the universeand more educational resources• http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/resources/camb_tool • http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/resources/edresources1.html
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Michael Kobel
Transmission of Information
Levels of information1. Scientific publication level
Equations, images, diagrams, all mostly for specialists2. Undergraduate level
Fully quantitative, equations for simplified situations 3. „Scientific American“ level
Semi-quantitative, Simple Diagrams, Scientific analogies4. Public level
Not quantitative, (too?) simple analogies, few/no diagrams5. Unscientific level
Esoteric, biased, often hostile to science
How to avoid the danger of Information loss• Adjust to the target audience• Use images which emphasise most relevant information• Chose analogies from everyday life; don‘ t hide their limitations• Let audience become active themselves: Confucius (551 BC - 479):
"I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand."
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