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GSJ: Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2018, Online: ISSN 2320-9186 www.globalscientificjournal.com
Determinants affecting the economic performance of the banking
Sector of Pakistan
Anam Shehzadi1, Sayyed Khawar Abbas1 Saira bano2, Ghulam Fizza Batool1, Zair Mehmood hashmi3 ,Zunaira Shahid4
1 Hailey College of Commerce, University of the Punjab
2 University of Sialkot
3University of Lahore, Chenab Campus Gujrat
4 University of Agriculture Faisalabad
Authors’ Introduction
Anam Shehzadi has done her MPHIL from Hailey College of Commerce, University of the
Punjab. Now serving at School Education Department as Honorable Teacher and Govt. Employee
Sayyed Khawar Abbas has done his MPHIL from Hailey College of Commerce, University of
the Punjab and working as Independent Researcher
Saira Bano has done MPHIL from University of Gujrat, Sialkot Sub Campus and now serving as Lecturer at University of Sialkot
Ghulam Fiza Batool has done her M.COM Hons from Hailey College of Commerce, University
of the Punjab and now serving as Lecturer at Superior University Sialkot
Zair Mehmood Hashmi is doing MPhil from University of Lahore, Chenab Campus and Serving
as Personal Assistant at Chief Executive officer (District Health Authority) Gujrat.
Zunaira Shahid has done her BS Hons. from University Of Gujrat and currently doing MPhil
from University of Agriculture Faisalabad
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Abstract
In the following study researcher found many important determinants which exceedingly affect
the fiscal performance of the banking segment of the developing country like Pakistan. To follow
these factors or the determinants which may combine by leverage, Liquidity and intellectual
capital as well? Moreover Capital competence or adequacy ratio and risk by credit have
marvelous effect for the monitory routine of the investing sector of the selected country like
Pakistan. Researcher highlighted the banking sector which included many banks which are hold
by private owners some banks of special nature some are industrial nature banks and many
other banks as other countries banks operational in Pakistan. Researcher has chosen the six
privately hold banks and that are the oldest banks of Pakistan and that have largest channel in
Pakistan. Researcher examine the intellectual capital (IC) performance by measuring value added
intellectual coefficient simply says VAIC methodology. Here for the examination investigator
take twelve-monthly published fiscal information of marketable financial institutions and put
into regression analyses, analysis contains fixed effect model, along with the random effect
model and this includes more importantly Hausman random effect to make clear this revision.
There is activist importance affiliation lies amid leverage and credit risk with productivity and
affirmative unimportance association amid value additional academic capital, and moreover
capital competence and liquidity by productivity or the economic productivity.
Keywords: Total liabilities to equity ratio, current ratio, Capital by Intellectual efficiency, Total
capital to total assets ratio, Risk by advances ratio and Productivity.
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Introduction
Financial institutions have a very imperative part to the progression and the expansion of the
financial sector where the banking institution deposited capital for the rationale of accrual and
investments of the public and to business them for further use of benefit or to extend their
business, financial investment for the further economic projects and for national or international
trade. In existing state of meters those worldwide economies which are in the phase of getting
progress those countries have more consideration on the enhancement and the efficiency of the
investing interest. (Qiao Liu, 2016).
This course of study examining those major determinant those can extremely effect the financial
growth or concert of the developing area of selected country. Given research examine the
collision of rational principal (Nasif Ozkan S. C., 2016), loan to equity ratio (banany, 2012),
current ratio (almajali, 2012), sufficiency ratio (ongore, 2013)and risk by taking loan ratio (kim,
2013) on the monetary presentation of the private holding financial institutional area of the
selected country. Researcher focus on the area of interest of research is to scrutinize the factors
or determinants which have an effect on the fiscal concert of the financial sector of the Pakistan
and which is the most noteworthy area of investment field to assess the monetary routine of the
banks and any other financial concern. Financial presentation is the most important area of any
economic institution, weather it is banks or firms which have financial interest. Here Purpose of
this research is to investigate which variables more often than not affect the financial feat of
banks.
For the pioneering period rational resources possessions that as individual money and customer
association may turn out to be the majority imperative industry achievement dynamic and a key
determinants in at the bottom of the benefits which could be get by the other competitive firm as
researcher takes advantage of examination the capital by the non-physical capital on the
monetary authentication of the Arabian country. (Mahfoudh Abdul kareem, 2014).
An investigation along Turkish depositing and withdrawal division show the results that
nonphysical resources impact highly considerably to the economic performance of the industrial
zone of the Turkish economy. The value-added rational resource efficiency of the Turkish firms
era and the financing region frequently takes effect by human resources effectiveness may in
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period of unusual banks, investigator explains that speculation and growth area have greatest
average worth supplementary logical wealth or the resources (Nasif Ozkan S. C., 2016).
This learning area obtainable to explore the determinants which effect the fiscal activities of the
investing as well as financing area of the Pakistan. Several variable influence the economic
recital of economic subdivision as far at a standstill researchers perplexed which precise factors
exceedingly affected the pecuniary presentation of the investing area financial performance turns
the productivity of the economic division. Current examination get Loan to shareholders equity,
logical capital, total capital to total resources ratio, Current ratio and avoidable risk by taking
advances from other areas on the monetary presentation of the investing zone of Pakistan.
Economic presentation here calculated by Income or profits by equities(ROE) and making
Earnings by resources (ROA).The objective of this research is to insert more proportions in
influential the fiscal concert of the whole Financial zone of Pakistan by enchanting 11 years
pecuniary statistics.
Preceding Literature consider the actuality how poles apart determents possessions the pecuniary
feat of any other compact Investigator habitually takes expansion, dimension or the size, loan by
investing equities as autonomous variables and monetary recital as reliant erratic and
indiscriminate their investigation on the foundation of their minute mock-up size and squat phase
of apart and now this research going to confirm the consequence of all chief indicators those
exceedingly manipulate the economic presentation of the banking subdivision of Pakistan..
The globalization phenomenon has increased the interaction of individuals for their common benefits and
the quest for better living standards (Hassan, Abbas, & Zainab, 2018). Sharia screening process in a
country like Pakistan having similarities and differences with other counties (Waris, Hassan, Abbas,
Mohsin, & Waqar, 2018). Financial Deficit has widened the importance of equity capital raising (Asif,
Abbas, & Hassan, 2018). According to Abbas et al. (2018), to meet the growing financial challenges in
the current atmosphere, credit risk analysis along with remodeling of current practices and advancement
of procedures have become pivotal for sustained progress. Intellectual Capital is one of the key
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determinants of financial performance of banking sector of Pakistan (Shehzadi, Abbas, & Hassan, 2018).
Economic development has seen different phases in which, Developing country like Pakistan is being
engaged in the formulation of different tools to boost the economy (Hassan, Abbas, & Shehzadi, 2008).
Even investment avenues which pool the short investment and makes an idle sector of economy active are
becoming part of the economy of Pakistan (Abbas S. , 2017).
The definition also referred to the knowledge management process is intellectual capital. Abbas et al.
(2018), validated through their research findings that cognitive, emotional and behavioral determinants
affect consumer approach. The induction of innovation in the current practices surely helps to achieve
competitive advantage (Abbas S. K., Hassan, Asif, Junaid, & Zainab, 2018); (Abbas S. , Hassan, Iftikhar,
& Waris, 2018) & (Abbas S. , et al., 2018). Furthermore, the low-income level has become the reason to
develop the importance of intellectual capital, especially in underdeveloped nations (Abbas S. K., Hassan,
Asif, & Zainab, 2018). It also has seen that Human capital relationship with organization performance is
not only the key determinants of performance. As, Quality Education in Pakistan has become a
challenging part ever (Maryam, Amen, Safdar, Shehzadi, & Abbas, 2018) . So, Human Capital impacts
but not much significant. Moreover, Information sharing effects broadly to employees working behavior
(Hassan, Asif, Waqar, Khalid, & Abbas, 2018) and employee engagement based on services environment
of an organization (Hassan et al., 2018). It has seen that green consumption is much important now in
Pakistan (Hassan H. , Abbas, Zainab, Waqar, & Hashmi, 2018).
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Literature Review
Saudi Arabian profit-making banks have prearranged left academic resources(IC) narration
quantify up to their complement by developed had shown potential financial system and
demonstrate signs of leftover and all non performing arts precious chattels. Outcome was not be
incredibly much incredulous as the financial segment is a grant examination subdivision where
its customer service rely deeply on the individual skills or the manpower (Al-Musali, 2014).
The involvement caught linking logical funds and the financial arrangement of the banking
quarter has the question to its numerous cram. The prose on this area under discussion is
reviewed; it is pragmatic that rational wealth definitely clouds the economic management of the
financial quarter of Turkey (Nasif Ozkan S. C., 2016).
Work in process liquidity on the other hand financial leverage have both considerable
characteristic of in general firm’s administration .This investigation psychoanalysis the fiscal
liquidity on the economic piece of the economic development segment of India. The findings
show that the economic debt to shareholders wealth has an important collision on pecuniary
production (Utkarsh Goil sourab Chadha, 2015).
The results shows that the sectors, current assets evaluation and consideration rate limitations
absolutely authority the depositing and investing sector’s profitability and non-attentiveness
operating outflow have unconstructive collision on the monetary concert of the money
generating segment. As a result when economy needs to explosion their efficiency institutions
should be more watchful with the eminence of the mortgage they have approved. (Albulescu,
2015).
In this learning outcome investigator discover that the income generating by the resources have
been used to measure the economic recital of the developing with money area of Washington.
Liquid or current ratio and long-term debt ratio has been taken as an autonomous erratic which
exceedingly exaggerated the fiscal routine of the monitoring zone of the Washington. The
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consequences point toward that there is confident and momentous consequence of manipulate
and operational ratio on the economic routine of the profitable area. (Mishra, 2016)
This learning make known the actuality that the sell abroad behavior straightforwardly and
appreciably impinge on the fiscal routine of the profit and loss sharing subdivision, which give
you an idea about that the commercial backing force certainly on the profitability of the earning
division. (Ahmed, 2015).
Support for the result of this reading put forward a sculpt for accommodating concert which is
the basis on insubstantial or the nonphysical possessions. The investigator (Aeni, 2016)
determine that there is the downbeat impact of individual wealth on the monetary routine of the
supportive of Malaysia.
Opposing to the times of yore investigates resources capability or capital sufficiency demonstrate
the unenthusiastic domino effect on the economic presentation of the conjugal money-making
area of Uganda. Autonomous variables that are symbolize by banks detailed dynamic in the
appearance of relation consequences are statistically momentous divergent to the prospect. Funds
competence which is calculated by EA has note admirable unenthusiastic collision on bank
routine deliberate by return on equity (Frederick, 2015).
In this schoolwork the examiner explore the collision of communal educationalist and ownership
in the hands of private owners rather than public on the prosperity of investing subdivision the
investigator exercise the Revenue by investing into the resources and the Revenue by investing
into the shares as a quantify utensils as preceding studies use to locate the effectiveness. (Serdar
Ozkan, 2014).
For the purpose, investigator scrutinize that the competence and the productivity echelon of
marketable unions of European amalgamation. The result demonstrates that a noteworthy
diminish In 2009 in both height of competence attain prosperity which declares to augment after
streamlining and make use of Revenue got by investing in possessions to calculate the
effectiveness (Alin marius Andries, 2016).
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Research Methodologies
Research Philosophy:
This section determines present wide-ranging feature about the prerequisite of statistics font,
model and describe all reliant and autonomous variables and also deterioration reproduction.
This study uses positivism attitude which ready to tell that information is an intention or for all
moreover explains that while using positivism philosophy researcher collects data as numerically
and analyses statistically which may have thought that facts are similar for everyone and
deductive approach is used in this study deductive approach explains that researcher starts from
theory and comes toward evidence and the purpose of the study is explanatory which explains
the relationship among the variables.
Source of Data
This research work takes the numeric data of sic commercial banks of Pakistan which were
available from 2005 to 2015 which have in the list of most old institutions and the most
important these may hold by the local marketable areas incorporated MCB bank, HBL bank,
Askari bank limited, ABL bank , UBL bank, and Bank Alfalah
Quantity for annotations is 66 the detail specified that entirety with a digit of apart operational in
Pakistan at the closing stages of 2016 is almost 54 commercial financial institutions were serving
the nation just about, and figures have been unruffled from the monetary information
organization and the website of state bank of Pakistan.
Here the predictive research collects fiscal statistics of the commercial institutions apart from the
particular economic foundations doing their operational activities herein Pakistan. The
manuscript assessment brings up twelve-monthly fiscal figures are an impulse from the different
accompaniments “Banking Statistic of Pakistan” which is a concern for the status institution of
the subjected country. The periodical of the status bank of Pakistan (SBP) provides an economic
report like equilibrium leaf.
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Sample
At the same time as computed the monetary presentation of the investing segment of relating
nation statistics have been used only those chosen banks which are the old and have a huge set of
connections.This investigation group fact of six marketable areas of Pakistan which are at the
outset functioning as concealed investment sector in Pakistan for the phase of 2005 to 2015.
Records are in use from the subsequent resultant basis:
1. Once a year monetary account of every one preferred profitable bank (2005-2015).
2. Value of the financial organization, (Dec 2015) which brings out by the main hub of
Pakistan’s financial zone.
3. Economic declaration analyses of the fiscal subdivision from (2005 to 2015) which is
circulated by a state-owned bank.
Deterioration form:
By formative which descriptive indicators could upshot resting the productivity of the financial
subdivision of the selected nation or the country? in favor of calculation, the productivity impact
Fixed effect model, Hausman permanent and random effect model unsystematic effect model
are used to establish validity by the revision. Via using these statistic models affiliation amongst
dependents and autonomous variables based on prior learning sign of prosperity.
Results and Discussion
Descriptive statistic:
Explanatory value explicates that some a very imperative feature of rundown figures as the
whole numeral of variables as their labels, the whole quantity of remarks their signify standards,
the average divergence of the chosen variables their least amount and utmost values incorporated
in review data or the graphics information. In toting up summing up present information element
apropos all the variables at a glimpse. Subsequent is the synopsis figures counter which make
available the entire influence.
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ROA and ROE as procedures of productivity which have a regular worth. Return on equity
3.34315 through the lowest cost 0.53 & highest worth is 30.65 and SD takes rate of 8.784344.
Return on assets consume a regular mean worth 0.1675864 by least worth is -1.47 and utmost
worth 1.6 and its SD are 0.4362822.
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Value-added intellectual capital have beta coefficient value as 0.0318361 which impacts that
there is a alteration in the worth of IC and other independent variables there will respectively
alteration in the value of return on assets and return on equity.
R-square 0.1843 of the model in Regression displays that transform in DV refers by IV and later
errors worth shows 0.1163 and F value is significance at 5% level of significance.
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These results represent that value-added intellectual capital is not significant even at 10% level so it
is significant at that level, as its assessment is 0.062, another results shows that Liquidity is not
significant even at 10% which shows the level of significance, another IV Credit risk is significant at
significance level of 5 whereas the Capital adequacy is not significant of the any level of significance
FE model Table shows that intellectual capital, value added intellectual and credit risk are variable of
nature of explanatory, whereas leverage, liquidity and capital adequacy has inconsequential value
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which can be categorized as positive value. Between the value of 1% to 5%.
In above arguments, we have calculated replica and RE sculpt & in organize to create a selection
flanked by current both models on the bases of test additional functional which is HT to
construct a healthier alternative researcher have functional HFREM. A set rule is as follow
H0: Random effect model is best
H1: Fixed effect model is best
If the calculated value is less than 0.05 than researcher rejects the null hypotheses and if p-value
is greater than 0.05 in that case examiner will fail to reject, in above case P-value is less than
0.05 so investigator accept the alternate and reject the null hypotheses.
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β factor of VAIC is 0.3782701 which indicates the affirmative worth and comprehend one unit
change in VAIC could comes with 0.3782701 change in the significance of Return on Assets, and
there is constructive association lies amid the variables as VAIC, and Return on Asset .it can be seen
that P value is 0.000 which is less than 0.05 and shows the beneficial result flanked by value-added
intellectual capital and return on assets, enhanced the IC and greater will be the revenue.
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Table shows that VAIC is indifferent significance at 5% and leverage is also significance positively
at 1%, credit risk is negatively significance at 1%, liquidity is insignificance, and Capital sufficiency
is insignificance.
Here the results are a same calculated value which is P value is less than 0.05, so researchers
accept the alternate and reject the null hypotheses.
In overhead conversation, researcher has studied FEM and REM and to select among these two
models HT test is used to make a healthier choice researcher have applied HFREM. If the worth of
Prob> F is less than 0.05(i.e., the level of significance), study have to accept alternate rand eject the
null hypotheses which means we have to use a FEM.
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Conclusion
Here in the learning canvasser deliberate the banking subdivision of Pakistan and paying
attention on the aspects which extremely upshot the productivity of the financial segment as
Loan to equity ratio, current ratio, Intellectual presentation, Capital to resources ratio and risk by
taking loans impacted the productivity which takes ROA and ROE as indicators of the
profitability of the banking subdivision of Pakistan. The researcher used regression model
counting permanent end product model and unsystematic consequence model of study and
according to Hausman model Fixed effect model is suitable for the current examination in
cooperation paraphernalia of height of valuable as Return on assets and return on equity.
Limitations & recommendations:
This investigation is classified into small illustration size as canvasser takes six privately owned
money-making financial institutions of the research conducted country or related country due to
less accessibility of time. Investigator measured only interior determinants which affect the
monetary routine of the economic subdivision and assemble the statistics of only eleven years.
For additional study, the investigator can comprise loads of other feature micro and macro as
well the time of investigation can be improved model size or the sample size. Investigator can
believe assessment study flanked by Islamic and predictable banks.
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